Abstract: An object is irradiated with a laser light modulated by a reflection type spatial light modulator such that aberration of the laser light converged inside the object becomes a predetermined aberration or less. Therefore, aberration of the laser light generated at a position on which a converging point of the laser light is located is made as small as possible, to enhance the energy density of the laser light at that position, which makes it possible to form a modified region with a high function as a starting point for cutting. In addition, because the reflection type spatial light modulator is used, it is possible to improve the utilization efficiency of the laser light as compared with a transmissive type spatial light modulator.

Abstract: In an aberration-correcting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in an aberration-correcting method for a laser irradiation device 1 which focuses a laser beam on the inside of a transparent medium 60, aberration of a laser beam is corrected so that a focal point of the laser beam is positioned within a range of aberration occurring inside the medium. This aberration range is not less than n×d and not more than n×d+?s from an incidence plane of the medium 60, provided that the refractive index of the medium 60 is defined as n, a depth from an incidence plane of the medium 60 to the focus of the lens 50 is defined as d, and aberration caused by the medium 60 is defined as ?s.

Abstract: A carrier recovery unit is provided including: separation-and-output section that outputs separated symbol group formed into block; a priori state-estimation section that obtains a priori estimate acquired by estimating values processed this time from among values of intra-block frequency and central phase processed last time; provisional compensation section that provisionally compensates the phase of each separated symbol based on the a priori estimation phase; decision section that performs decision based on the reference signal for the symbol before decision, and obtains symbol after decision; error-estimation section that calculates the frequency and phase errors; a posteriori state-estimation section that obtains a posteriori estimate based on the frequency and phase errors; actual compensation section that actually compensates the phase based on the a posteriori estimation phase; and feedback processing section that feeds back the a posteriori estimate as the values processed last time to the a priori

Abstract: An adaptive optics system includes a spatial light modulator configured to spatially modulate a phase of an optical image incident on a modulation surface and a wavefront sensor including a lens array having a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged lenses and an optical detection element for detecting a light intensity distribution including converging spots formed by the lens array and configured to receive the optical image after the modulation from the spatial light modulator, and compensates for wavefront distribution by controlling a phase pattern displayed in the spatial light modulator based on a wavefront shape of the optical image obtained from the light intensity distribution, wherein an amount of angular displacement between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor is calculated.

Abstract: A laser machining device which can suppress the aberration of a laser beam converged into an object to be machined is provided. The device includes a laser light source for emitting a laser beam and a reflective spatial light modulator for modulating the laser beam emitted from the laser light source (202), while first mirrors for reflecting the laser beam are disposed between the laser light source and reflective spatial light modulator in an optical path of the laser beam and configured such as to be able to adjust the direction of reflection of the laser beam. Therefore, by regulating the direction of reflection of the laser beam at each of the mirrors, the device can adjust the position and incident angle of the laser beam incident on the reflective spatial light modulator as desired. Hence, the laser beam can precisely be made incident on the reflective spatial light modulator.

Abstract: A beam shaping device includes a first phase modulation unit including a phase-modulation type SLM, and displaying a first phase pattern for modulating a phase of input light, a second phase modulation unit including a phase-modulation type SLM, being optically coupled to the first phase modulation unit, and displaying a second phase pattern for further modulating a phase of light phase-modulated by the first phase modulation unit, and a control unit providing the first and second phase patterns to the first and second phase modulation units, respectively. The first and second phase patterns are phase patterns for approximating an intensity distribution and a phase distribution of light output from the second phase modulation unit, to predetermined distributions.

Abstract: An object is irradiated with a laser light modulated by a reflection type spatial light modulator such that aberration of the laser light converged inside the object becomes a predetermined aberration or less. Therefore, aberration of the laser light generated at a position on which a converging point of the laser light is located is made as small as possible, to enhance the energy density of the laser light at that position, which makes it possible to form a modified region with a high function as a starting point for cutting. In addition, because the reflection type spatial light modulator is used, it is possible to improve the utilization efficiency of the laser light as compared with a transmissive type spatial light modulator.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first nitride semiconductor layer formed above a substrate, a second nitride semiconductor layer formed over the first nitride semiconductor layer and having a band gap larger than that of the first nitride semiconductor layer, a trench passing through the second nitride semiconductor layer and into the first nitride semiconductor layer, a gate insulation film formed in the trench, and a gate electrode disposed by way of the gate insulation film in an inside of the trench. The corner of the trench between a side wall of the trench and a bottom of the trench includes a rounded shape, and a corner of the gate insulation film in contact with the corner of the trench includes a rounded shape.

Abstract: In an aberration-correcting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in an aberration-correcting method for a laser irradiation device 1 which focuses a laser beam on the inside of a transparent medium 60, aberration of a laser beam is corrected so that a focal point of the laser beam is positioned within a range of aberration occurring inside the medium. This aberration range is not less than n×d and not more than n×d+?s from an incidence plane of the medium 60, provided that the refractive index of the medium 60 is defined as n, a depth from an incidence plane of the medium 60 to the focus of the lens 50 is defined as d, and aberration caused by the medium 60 is defined as ?s.

Abstract: An adjustment mechanism configured to adjust a reference position of an optical axis of a projection lens of a lens unit has a reference axis perpendicular to the optical axis and disposed in a plane which intersects with a focal point of the projection lens. The lens unit moves in an extension direction of the reference axis in accordance with rotation of a second screw. An acting point of a force to move the lens unit is disposed in a plane formed by the optical axis and the reference axis.

Abstract: In an aberration-correcting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in an aberration-correcting method for a laser irradiation device 1 which focuses a laser beam on the inside of a transparent medium 60, aberration of a laser beam is corrected so that a focal point of the laser beam is positioned within a range of aberration occurring inside the medium. This aberration range is not less than n×d and not more than n×d+?s from an incidence plane of the medium 60, provided that the refractive index of the medium 60 is defined as n, a depth from an incidence plane of the medium 60 to the focus of the lens 50 is defined as d, and aberration caused by the medium 60 is defined as ?s.

Abstract: A load sensor is constituted by a rib and a vertical transistor including an organic semiconductor film, and a load measurement can be executed based on a change of a gap between a drain electrode and a source electrode which is a channel length of the vertical transistor. Therefore, a change of a current Ids is in a linear relationship to a load applied to the load sensor.

Abstract: The characteristics of a semiconductor device are improved. A semiconductor device is formed so as to have a channel layer formed over a substrate, a barrier layer, a trench penetrating through the barrier layer in an opening region, and reaching some point of the channel layer, a gate electrode arranged in the trench via a gate insulation film, and an insulation film formed over the barrier layer outside the opening region. Then, the insulation film has a lamination structure of a Si-rich silicon nitride film, and a N-rich silicon nitride film situated thereunder. Thus, the upper layer of the insulation film is set as the Si-rich silicon nitride film. This enables the improvement of the breakdown voltage, and further, enables the improvement of the etching resistance. Whereas, the lower layer of the insulation film is set as the N-rich silicon nitride film. This can suppress collapse.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a communication control portion, an error code storage portion, an acquiring portion, and a determination portion. Communication control portion communicates with storage device based on interface communication standard, to perform data transfer therewith. Error code storage portion stores one or a plurality of selected error codes selected from a plurality of error codes defined by interface communication standard. Acquiring portion acquires error information outputted from storage device. Determination portion determines whether or not error code indicated by error information coincides with selected error code. When determination portion determines that error code coincides with selected error code, communication control portion communicates again with storage device to perform data transfer therewith.

Abstract: In controlling light condensing irradiation with laser light using a spatial light modulator, an incident pattern of the laser light and respective refractive indices of first and second propagation media on a propagation path are acquired, the number of light condensing points, and the light condensing position and the light condensing intensity at each light condensing point are set, an aberration condition caused by the first and second propagation media is derived, and by taking the aberration condition into account, a modulation pattern to be presented in the spatial light modulator is designed. Further, in designing the modulation pattern, a design method focusing on an effect of a phase value at one pixel is used, and in evaluating the light condensing state at the light condensing point, a propagation function that takes the aberration condition into account is employed.

Abstract: Provided are a plant-derived soft capsule shell having a high shell sheet strength, a good adhesive property, and excellent shell performance, and a soft capsule. The soft capsule shell comprises: (A) iota carrageenan; and (B) a starch dispersion obtained by ultrasonically treating a starch paste solution.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has a channel layer formed above a substrate, a barrier layer formed over the channel layer and having a band gap larger than that of the channel layer, a trench passing through the barrier layer as far as a midway of the channel layer, and a gate electrode disposed byway of a gate insulation film in the inside of the trench. Then, the end of the bottom of the trench is in a rounded shape and the gate insulation film in contact with the end of the bottom of the trench is in a rounded shape. By providing the end of the bottom of the trench with a roundness as described above, a thickness of the gate insulation film situated between the end of the bottom of the gate electrode and the end of the bottom of the trench can be decreased. Thus, the channel is formed also at the end of the bottom of the trench to reduce the resistance of the channel.

Abstract: An information equipment 300 located in a consumer's facility 300 includes a reception unit 310 and a transmission unit 320 that performs transmission and reception of a command conforming to a predetermined protocol with a HEMS 200 via a network connected to the HEMS 200, and receives an operational instruction from the HEMS 200 and a control unit 340 that controls an operation of the information equipment 300 according to the operational instruction. The transmission unit 320 transmits a breakdown notification message indicating that the network has had a breakdown to the HEMS 200 when the network is restored after the breakdown.

Abstract: In an automotive headlamp, a light-emitting module is configured such that a light-emitting element and a control circuit unit for controlling the lighting of the light-emitting element are structured integrally with each other. A control circuit unit in a position anterior to the light-emitting element in a lamp unit is located below a shade section so that the control circuit unit can be clear of the path of light used to form a low beam light distribution pattern of the light emitted by the light-emitting element. In this setting, the light-emitting element is so located that a main optical axis Ax2 is perpendicular respect to an optical axis Ax1 of the lamp unit and that a light-emitting portion of the light-emitting element protrudes higher than the control circuit unit in the direction of the main optical axis Ax2.

Abstract: An adaptive optics system includes a spatial light modulator configured to spatially modulate a phase of an optical image incident on a modulation surface and a wavefront sensor including a lens array having a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged lenses and an optical detection element for detecting a light intensity distribution including converging spots formed by the lens array and configured to receive the optical image after the modulation from the spatial light modulator, and compensates for wavefront distribution by controlling a phase pattern displayed in the spatial light modulator based on a wavefront shape of the optical image obtained from the light intensity distribution, wherein a correspondence relation between the modulation surface and the wavefront sensor is adjusted.