Abstract: This disclosure describes systems and methods to predict viscosity of heavy oil in a geological formation, even when the geological formation also contains water such as clay-bound water, using a downhole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool. The downhole NMR tools may obtain responses include distributions of a first relaxation time T1, a second relaxation time T2, or diffusion, or a combination of these. The responses of the NMR measurements that are due to water are separated from the responses of the NMR measurements that are due to heavy oil. The responses of the NMR measurements due to heavy oil are then related to likely values of viscosity of the heavy oil based on empirical or simulated measurements.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a control system, apparatus, and method includes dynamic optimization of at least one of a vehicle reference speed and/or transmission gear state of a vehicle by determining current and future engine power requirements from the current and forward-looking route conditions to improve performance, drivability, and/or fuel economy of the vehicle over what is achievable through conventional gear state selection via static calibration tables and conventional shifting strategies. The selection of the vehicle reference speed and gear state can be performed independently of one another in one embodiment, and complementary of one another in another embodiment.

Abstract: Downhole fluid volumes of a geological formation may be estimated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, even in organic shale reservoirs. Multi-dimensional NMR measurements, such as two-dimensional NMR measurements and/or, in some cases, one or more well-logging measurements relating to total organic carbon may be used to estimate downhole fluid volumes of hydrocarbons such as bitumen, light hydrocarbon, kerogen, and/or water. Having identified the fluid volumes in this manner or any other suitable manner from the NMR measurements, a reservoir producibility index (RPI) may be generated. The downhole fluid volumes and/or the RPI may be output on a well log to enable an operator to make operational and strategic decisions for well production.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods and systems including dynamic estimations of vehicle mass and road grade estimation are disclosed. One exemplary embodiment is a method including operating a vehicle system to propel a vehicle, determining with a controller a vehicle mass estimate and an uncertainty of the vehicle mass estimate, evaluating with the controller the uncertainty of the vehicle mass estimate relative to at least one criterion, if the uncertainty of the vehicle mass estimate satisfies the criterion, determining with the controller a road grade estimate, and controlling with the controller utilizing the road grade estimate at least one of a vehicle speed and an engine output.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is a method of controlling a vehicle system including an engine, a transmission, and a control system in operative communication with and structured to control operation of the engine and the transmission. The method determines an operating point of the engine including an engine torque and an engine speed and evaluates a relationship between the operating point and a soft limit on engine torque. The method modifies the soft limit to permit operation outside a boundary of the un-modified soft limit. Modification of the soft limit is constrained by a non-adjustable limit. The operating point of the engine is adjusted to increase engine torque above the boundary of the un-modified soft limit. The method may mitigate a vehicle speed lug event and/or avoid a transmission shift event.

Abstract: A method for predicting at least one property of a geological formation may include generating mapping function values relating a plurality of reference elemental compositions to corresponding reference properties thereof based upon at least one non-linear mapping function. The method may further include determining a sample elemental composition of at least one sample associated with the geological formation and performing, using a processor, an interpolation to map the sample elemental composition to at least one sample property based upon the mapping function values and the at least one non-linear function.

Abstract: An electronic control system is adapted to control a system including an internal combustion engine and an exhaust aftertreatment system including an SCR catalyst. The electronic control system provides a first dynamically determined weighting factor in response to performing a selected one of a plurality of calculations, determines an operating mode of the engine in response to an engine load and an engine speed, selects one of a plurality of inputs in response to the operating mode of the engine to provide an interpolation weighting factor, the plurality of inputs including the first dynamically determined weighting factor and one or more predetermined weighting factors, utilizes the interpolation weighting factor to interpolate between a first set of combustion control data and a second set of combustion control data to determine a set of combustion control values, and controls operation of the engine using the set of combustion control values.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining a recommended route reference for a vehicle based on simulations of a model of the vehicle including load information, route information, and a cost strategy, and providing commands to an output device based on the recommended route reference to provide an operator of the vehicle with feedback on the recommended route reference and/or to control the vehicle.

Abstract: System, apparatus, and methods are disclosed for opening one or more louvers of an engine cooling system to provide an airflow to the radiator to reduce a radiator fan on time.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is a system comprising a multi-fuel engine structured to selectably combust varying proportions of a first type of fuel and a second type of fuel, and an electronic control system structured to control the provision of at least one of the first type of fuel and the second type of fuel to the engine using a multi-factor cost optimization. The multi-factor cost optimization may account for a plurality of factors including one or more environment factors, location factors, mission factors, warranty factors, operator-specified factors and/or fleet-specified factors.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel antifungal herbal composition comprising standardized ethyl acetate extracts or active ingredients isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Lawsonia inermis, for the management of fungal infections, including those caused by (Candida sp., Cryptococcosis sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp, Tinea sp and Blastomyces sp.). More particularly, the present invention discloses herbal composition comprising ethyl acetate extracts of Lawsonia inermis or the compositions comprising at least one of active ingredients selected from Lawsone & lawsoniaside and luteoline, for the management of fungal infections.

Abstract: A method of estimating fluid saturations includes obtaining amplitude values of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data for a material, with each amplitude value being associated with a longitudinal magnetization recovery (T1 relaxation) time and a transverse magnetization decay (T2 relaxation) time. A mean is calculated as a function of the amplitude values and the T1 and T2 relaxation times for the amplitude values. Hydrocarbon saturation of pore space of the material is estimated as a function of the deviation of the mean from a threshold hydrocarbon saturation indicator and a threshold water saturation indicator, using the processor. Water saturation of the pore space of the material is estimated as a function of the deviation of the mean from the threshold hydrocarbon saturation indicator and the threshold water saturation indicator, using the processor.

Abstract: A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement system for high pressure and temperature measurements on fluids is disclosed. The system has a sensor assembly that includes a sample holder having a body formed from a non-magnetic metal and defining an interior cavity for receiving a fluid sample, a frame member disposed in the interior cavity of the sample holder, an antenna coil disposed in the interior cavity about the frame member, an inlet that allows the fluid sample to enter the interior cavity, an outlet that allows for the fluid sample to be flushed from the interior cavity, and a magnet assembly having a central bore in which the sample holder is disposed. Adjacent to the sample holder are pulsed field gradient coils for performing diffusion measurements. The system further includes pulse sequencer circuitry that supplies signals to the antenna coil.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for reducing the variability of particulate emissions in an exhaust stream from an internal combustion engine using a lambda error and/or a NOx error to control an exhaust gas recirculation fraction and/or a mass charge flow control. The methods include operating a controller to adjust the engine gas recirculation fraction and/or the mass charge flow control.

Abstract: Unique apparatuses, systems, methods, and techniques for control of engine systems are disclosed. One embodiment is a unique controls process providing engine start/stop functionality. In one form, the controls process includes engine stop controls which evaluate a plurality of engine stop request conditions and a plurality of engine stop capability conditions, as well as engine start controls which evaluate a plurality of engine start request conditions and a plurality of engine start capability conditions.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods and systems including dynamic estimations of vehicle mass and road grade estimation are disclosed. One exemplary embodiment is a method including operating a vehicle system to propel a vehicle, determining with a controller a vehicle mass estimate and an uncertainty of the vehicle mass estimate, evaluating with the controller the uncertainty of the vehicle mass estimate relative to at least one criterion, if the uncertainty of the vehicle mass estimate satisfies the criterion, determining with the controller a road grade estimate, and controlling with the controller utilizing the road grade estimate at least one of a vehicle speed and an engine output.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining a recommended route reference for a vehicle based on simulations of a model of the vehicle including load information, route information, and a cost strategy, and providing commands to an output device based on the recommended route reference to provide an operator of the vehicle with feedback on the recommended route reference and/or to control the vehicle.

Abstract: A method for analyzing at least one characteristic of a geological formation may include obtaining measured data for the geological formation based upon a logging tool, and minimizing an objective function representing at least an Lp norm of model parameters and an error between the measured data and predicted data for the objective function, wherein p is not equal to 2. The method may further include determining the at least one characteristic of the geological formation based upon the minimization of the objective function.

Abstract: Controlling a speed of a vehicle based on at least a portion of a route grade and a route distance divided into a plurality of route sections, each including at least one of a section grade and section length. Controlling the speed of the vehicle is further based on determining a cruise control speed mode for the vehicle for each of the plurality of route sections and determining a speed reference command of the vehicle based on at least one of the cruise control speed mode, the section length, the section grade, and a current speed.

Abstract: A method for obtaining formation measurements. The method includes deriving a pulse sequence and magnetizing a formation by applying a static magnetic field, via a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system, to the formation. The method further includes applying the pulse sequence by: a) measuring a first spin echo train after waiting a first time period; b) measuring at least two spin echo trains subsequent to the first spin echo train, where the at least two spin echo trains include a wait time shorter than the first time period; and c) repeating b at least two times. The method additionally includes determining a T1 and a T2 based on inversions of the measuring the first spin echo train, the measuring the at least two spin echo trains, or a combination thereof, to determine a formation measurement.