Abstract: An integrated micro-scale power converter converts hydrocarbon fuel into electricity. The integrated micro-scale power converter includes a micromachined combustor adapted to convert hydrocarbon fuel into thermal energy and a micromachined thermoelectric generator adapted to convert the thermal energy into electrical energy. The combustion reaction in the combustor flows in a path in a first plane while the thermal energy flows in a second plane in the generator the second plane being nearly orthogonal or orthogonal to the first plane. The fuel handler in the combustor is adjacent and thermally isolated from the thermoelectric generator. The fuel handler may include a nozzle and gas flow switch, where the frequency of activation of the gas flow switch controls the amount of the fuel ejected from the nozzle.

Abstract: A spin transistor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The method includes defining a required area on a substrate by lithography; forming a doping area by ion-implantation, and forming a magnetoresistive film on the substrate. Finally, the method produces a spin transistor with the emitter, the base, and the collector in the same plane surface. The manufacturing method integrates the emitter, the base, and the collector into one plane, so that miniaturization of the spin transistor is achieved, and it is advantageous for the integration and subsequent packaging of the spin transistor and integrated circuit elements.

Abstract: A magneto-resistance transistor including a magneto-resistant element which may function as an emitter and a passive element which may function as a collector. The base may be interposed between the passive element and the magneto-resistant element, thereby coupling the passive element with the magneto-resistant element. A magnetic field of a given strength may be applied to at least a portion of the magneto-resistant transistor, the given strength determining a resistance in the at least a portion of the magneto-resistant transistor. Thus, by adjusting the given strength of the magnetic field, the resistance may be adjusted. Therefore, different emitter current inputs may be achieved with a fixed voltage. Further, a base current may vary with a controlled variation of the emitter current input.

Abstract: A magneto-resistance transistor including a magneto-resistant element which may function as an emitter and a passive element which may function as a collector. The base may be interposed between the passive element and the magneto-resistant element, thereby coupling the passive element with the magneto-resistant element. A magnetic field of a given strength may be applied to at least a portion of the magneto-resistant transistor, the given strength determining a resistance in the at least a portion of the magneto-resistant transistor. Thus, by adjusting the given strength of the magnetic field, the resistance may be adjusted. Therefore, different emitter current inputs may be achieved with a fixed voltage. Further, a base current may vary with a controlled variation of the emitter current input.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a display panel having pixels, and a timing controller that uses a frame rate control look-up table to generate more gray scale levels than available from a data driver. The timing controller uses the increased number of gray scale levels to compensate distortions in luminance across the display panel due to decreases in signal strengths of scan signals transmitted on scan lines of the display panel.

Abstract: A display device for indicating connection statuses of a communication channel between two systems is disclosed, the communication channel having a plurality of communication links. The display device comprises a detecting circuit coupled to the communication channel for detecting a plurality of link statuses of the communication links; an indicator controller coupled to the detecting circuit for determining the connection statuses of the communication channel according to the link statuses; and an LED indicator coupled to the indicator controller for displaying in a plurality of statuses according to the connection statuses from the indicator controller; wherein the connection statuses comprise a first connection status indicating that all the link statuses are “ON”, a second connection status indicating that all the link statuses are “OFF”, and a third connection status indicating that at least one of the link statuses is “ON” and at least one of the link statuses is “OFF”.

Abstract: A spin transistor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The method includes defining a required area on a substrate by lithography; forming a doping area by ion-implantation, and forming a magnetoresistive film on the substrate. Finally, the method produces a spin transistor with the emitter, the base, and the collector in the same plane surface. The manufacturing method integrates the emitter, the base, and the collector into one plane, so that miniaturization of the spin transistor is achieved, and it is advantageous for the integration and subsequent packaging of the spin transistor and integrated circuit elements.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a plurality of pixel circuits, each pixel circuit including a switch and a storage capacitor, in which the storage capacitor receives pixel data from a data line when the switch is turned on. A scan driver controls the switches of the pixel circuits, in which the scan driver turns on a first switch of a first pixel circuit for a first length of time within a frame period, and turns on a second switch of a second pixel circuit for a second length of time within the frame period, the first length of time being different from the second length of time.

Abstract: This invention provides an isolated polypeptide comprising all or a portion of the c-terminal domain of EB1, wherein the isolated polypeptide does not consist of residues 150-268, 219-268 or 185-268 of SEQ. ID. NO:2. This invention further provides related compositions, nucleic acids, cells and methods.

Abstract: A spin transistor uses a single potential barrier structure to increase a current fluctuation rate. The spin transistor may include at least one of an emitter, a collector, a base and a base resistor. The emitter may be a magneto-resistant device, which may provide an adjustable resistance based on a magnetic field. The collector may be a passive device which may provide the single potential barrier. The base may placed between the emitter and the collector, and may couple the emitter with the collector. The base resistor may be connected to the base in order to provide a bias.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes pixel circuits, a signal divider for associating portions of the image signal with corresponding portions of the pixel circuits, and timing controller circuitry for receiving the portions of the image signal and outputting corresponding sets of control signals and pixel data, the timing controller circuitry outputting the sets in parallel. The flat panel display includes groups of data drivers, each group for receiving respective sets of control signals and pixel data from the timing controller circuitry and driving corresponding pixel circuits, different groups receiving the sets in parallel.

Abstract: A magneto-resistance transistor including a magneto-resistant element which may function as an emitter and a passive element which may function as a collector. The base may be interposed between the passive element and the magneto-resistant element, thereby coupling the passive element with the magneto-resistant element. A magnetic field of a given strength may be applied to at least a portion of the magneto-resistant transistor, the given strength determining a resistance in the at least a portion of the magneto-resistant transistor. Thus, by adjusting the given strength of the magnetic field, the resistance may be adjusted. Therefore, different emitter current inputs may be achieved with a fixed voltage. Further, a base current may vary with a controlled variation of the emitter current input.

Abstract: A spin transistor uses a single potential barrier structure to increase a current fluctuation rate. The spin transistor may include at least one of an emitter, a collector, a base and a base resistor. The emitter may be a magneto-resistant device, which may provide an adjustable resistance based on a magnetic field. The collector may be a passive device which may provide the single potential barrier. The base may placed between the emitter and the collector, and may couple the emitter with the collector. The base resistor may be connected to the base in order to provide a bias.

Abstract: A magneto-resistance transistor including a magneto-resistant element which may function as an emitter and a passive element which may function as a collector. The base may be interposed between the passive element and the magneto-resistant element, thereby coupling the passive element with the magneto-resistant element. A magnetic field of a given strength may be applied to at least a portion of the magneto-resistant transistor, the given strength determining a resistance in the at least a portion of the magneto-resistant transistor. Thus, by adjusting the given strength of the magnetic field, the resistance may be adjusted. Therefore, different emitter current inputs may be achieved with a fixed voltage. Further, a base current may vary with a controlled variation of the emitter current input.

Abstract: An optical switching system that switches the path of an optical signal by moving a microstructure onto which a light-guiding structure is mounted. The microstructure is formed by a MEMs and semiconductor process to be integral to the substrate. The light-guiding structure may include waveguides. The microstructure moves from one position to another position (e.g., laterally, vertically, rotationally) such that incoming optical signals align over a small air gap to different optical paths, depending on the position of the movable microstructure. As a result, the optical signal propagate along different optical paths (e.g., straight pass through or cross over) depending on the position of the movable microstructure. The optical paths have a large radii of curvature so as to change the direction of the optical signal gradually, thereby reducing insertion losses.

Abstract: A 1×N or N×1 optical switch based on a plurality of movable MEMS-created platforms, each carrying a light guiding structure such as a waveguide, where the position of the platforms determines which optical path is connected through the optical switch. The MEMS-created platforms are formed integral with the substrate of the optical switch. The waveguides residing on the movable platforms gradually change the direction of the optical signal in order to minimize losses. The movable platforms can move linearly or rotationally, for example. Also described is a method for fabricating such an optical switch and its components by etching from the bottom of the substrate and through the oxide.

Abstract: An improved device, which may act as a variable attenuator, changes the optical intensity of an optical signal by moving a platform onto which a light transmissive structure such as a waveguide is disposed. The light transmissive structure is positioned and aligned to receive an optical signal and positioned and aligned to transmit the optical signal. By moving the light transmissive structure into a position of reduced alignment with an input source, the light transmissive structure may receive less or none of the optical signal, thereby attenuating it. Alternatively, by moving the light transmissive structure into a position of reduced alignment with an output structure, the light transmissive structure may transmit less or none of the optical signal, thereby attenuating its transmission.

Abstract: Numerous novel structures and methods are presented for their ability to correct angular and offset alignment errors caused by thermal distortion of a device formed out of dissimilar materials, such as a movable platform and waveguide coupled to a fixed platform and another waveguide. A flexure connected between two platforms corrects offset alignment errors along the centerline axis of the flexure. Thermal distortion is corrected also by varying the relative size of the two platforms and the addition of slots and/or extraneous waveguides. A waveguide may be sandwiched between two matching materials, with or without an extra thermal compensation layer portion. A method uses simple processes to build a substrate with matching waveguides on each side of the substrate. Another simple method creates a suspended structure by using simple semiconductor processes.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory cell array is formed by arranging a plurality of storage memory cells in array. A plurality of bit lines are used to electrically connect memory cells on transversal rows. A plurality of word lines are used to electrically connect memory cells on longitudinal columns. The combination of each word line and each bit line represents a specific storage memory cell. The source of the transistor in each storage memory cell is electrically connected to a corresponding word line, while the gate and drain thereof are electrically together connected to a corresponding bit line. Therefore, the area of memory cell can be effectively shrunk, and the integration density of memory cell can also be effectively enhanced.

Abstract: Numerous novel structures and methods are presented for their ability to correct angular and offset alignment errors caused by thermal distortion of a device formed out of dissimilar materials, such as a movable platform and waveguide coupled to a fixed platform and another waveguide. A flexure connected between two platforms corrects offset alignment errors along the centerline axis of the flexure. Thermal distortion is corrected also by varying the relative size of the two platforms and the addition of slots and/or extraneous waveguides. A waveguide may be sandwiched between two matching materials, with or without an extra thermal compensation layer portion. A method uses simple processes to build a substrate with matching waveguides on each side of the substrate. Another simple method creates a suspended structure by using simple semiconductor processes.