Abstract: A field emission device and a field emission display (FED) using the same and a method of making the field emission device. The FED includes a glass substrate, a layer of a material formed on the glass substrate and having a concave portion, a cathode electrode formed on the material layer and also having a concave portion, electron emitters formed on the concave portion of the cathode electrode, a gate insulating layer formed on the cathode electrode and having a cavity communicating with the concave portion, and a gate electrode formed on the gate insulating layer and having a gate aperture aligned with the cavity.

Abstract: An apparatus measures a supporting force of ferroconcrete piles by means of a bi-directional front end oil pressure loading apparatus using a high pressure loading system capable of measuring a supporting force, a sinking amount and an axis load distribution on the ferroconcrete piles.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method for supplying chemical during a semiconductor device fabrication process. The system includes a tank to store the chemical, a dispensing unit to hold the chemical, a refill line connected between the tank and the dispensing unit to supply the chemical from the tank to the chemical liquid dispensing unit, and a dispensing line connected between the chemical dispensing unit and a semiconductor substrate to supply the chemical from the chemical dispensing unit to the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A method includes forming at least a portion of a semiconductor device in a processing chamber containing oxygen and removing substantially all of the oxygen from the processing chamber. The method further includes forming remaining portions of the semiconductor device in the processing chamber without the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: A liquid zoom lens mounted on a portable terminal is provided. In the liquid zoom lens, a cylindrical body has upper and lower openings to which one pair of lenses is coupled. An auto-focus lens part includes a first insulating liquid layer, a first electrolyte layer, and a first lens. The first insulating layer and the first electrolyte layer are disposed to form an interface at a lower portion of the body. The first lens is disposed on the first electrolyte layer and has a periphery closely attached to a lower portion of an inner periphery of the body. An optical zoom lens part includes a second insulating liquid layer, a second electrolyte layer, and a second lens. The second insulating liquid layer and the second electrolyte layer are disposed to form an interface on the first lens. The second lens is fixed to be movable within the second insulating liquid layer, such that a periphery is closely attached to the inner periphery of the body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a data storage medium encoded with the corresponding structure coordinates of molecules and molecular complexes which comprise the active site-binding pockets of JNK3. A computer comprising such data storage material is capable of displaying such molecules and molecular complexes, or their structural homologues, as a graphical three-dimensional representation on a computer screen. This invention also relates to methods of using the structure coordinates to solve the structure of homologous proteins or protein complexes. In addition, this invention relates to methods of using the structure coordinates to screen and design compounds, including inhibitory compounds, that bind to JNK3 or homologues thereof. This invention also relates to molecules and molecular complexes which comprise the active site binding pockets of JNK3 or close structural homologues of the active site binding pockets.

Abstract: A variable beam controlling antenna for a mobile communication base station having at least two radiator portions that are arranged vertically, with each portion having a reflector with at least one radiator installed therein. At least one force generator provides rotational force when applied on external control signal, and a force transfer portion transfers the rotational force generated from the force generator to at least one reflector, thus rotating the at least one reflector. The variable beam controlling antenna can be fabricated at a low cost and allows for easy automatic optimization, which is required for a mobile communication wireless network since it is configured to be a one-column antenna capable of controlling a horizontal beam width. Although conventionally many kinds of antennas with different beam widths are needed for base station sectors, the single antenna can easily change its beam width.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ultrasonic system and a method for optimizing gray level value of ultrasonic images used in the ultrasonic system, the method comprises: an acquiring step for acquiring the ultrasonic image; a searching step for searching non-evenly divided sub-areas from the acquired ultrasonic image; analyzing step for analyzing the change of gray level in each of the sub-areas in the direction of depth; and calculating step for calculating an optimized gray level value of the ultrasonic image based on the result of the analyzing step. By implementing the method of present invention, a better image equilibrium effect is obtained in the ultrasonic system.

Abstract: A method of driving a plurality of visible and invisible laser diodes so as to produce an illumination beam having a dynamically managed ratio of visible to invisible (IR) spectral energy/power during object illumination and imaging operations. The method involves supplying a plurality of visible laser and invisible laser diodes with a predetermined/default values of diode drive currents so as to illuminate the object with a spectral mixture of illumination during object illumination and imaging operations. One or more digital images of the illuminated object are captured and the image contrast quality thereof is measured, in real-time, so as to generate feedback or control data.

Abstract: A system, method and a medium playing moving images including various content objects is described. The system includes a generating unit generating a script and an execution module, the script defining a structure of the moving image including at least one content object, and the execution module defining a dynamic effect of the content object, a frame management unit analyzing the script and the execution module and generating frame meta-information based on a predetermined frame rate, and a playing unit applying the content object to the frame meta-information and constructing frame images.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display (LCD). The method includes: forming a plurality of color filters by line-printing a plurality of color inks on a transparent substrate in a longitudinal direction of the color filter array; diving the plurality of color filters so that the color filters can correspond to pixel regions; and forming black matrices between the divided color filters.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack generating electric power using an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, a fuel process unit supplying reformed gas to the fuel cell stack by reforming an electricity generation material into the reformed gas that is rich in hydrogen, and an air supply unit supplying air containing oxygen to the fuel cell stack. The air supply unit includes an intake passage that extends from an outside space to the fuel cell stack, a first air pump that is installed on the intake passage to allow the air to be introduced into the fuel cell stack, and a first pressure buffer container that is disposed between the first air pump and the fuel cell stack to reduce pressure of the air flowing along the intake passage to a level less than a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: Provided are a method of forming a metal layer wiring structure on the backside of a wafer, a metal layer wiring structure formed using the method, a method of stacking a chip package, and a chip package stack structure formed using the method. The method of stacking a chip package includes: forming recess patterns on a backside of wafers; forming a passivation layer on the backside of the wafers except for an area corresponding to a through electrode; forming a metal layer on the passivation layer; planarizing the metal layers to expose only the recess patterns; forming a lower insulating layer on the planarized metal layers except for an area corresponding to a contact portion with another wafer; forming an adhesive layer on the lower insulating layer of each of the wafers; and adhering the wafers to one another, wherein the recess patterns are formed using a laser.

Abstract: A refrigerator which includes a dispenser installed at a door so as to enable a user to extract water or ice without opening a door. The dispenser includes a case forming an extraction section which is a space through which the desired object is extracted, a push button installed to the case and causing the desired object to be extracted by push operation, a cover having an opening formed by cutting out part thereof and pivotably installed to the case so as to open and close the extraction section, and a lever hinged to the cover so as to open and close the opening and pushing the push button while the opening is open. Therefore, a front appearance of the refrigerator is beautifully maintained. Further, the refrigerator prevents foreign materials such as dust from entering extraction ports through which the desired objects are extracted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing and selecting an application easily processed by a broadcasting receiving apparatus among the plurality of applications and executing the selected application are provided. The application processing method includes: analyzing information on each of a plurality of applications providing a common broadcasting service; selecting an application suitable for a broadcasting receiving apparatus among the plurality of applications based on the analysis; and executing the selected application. When a plurality of applications is transmitted to a broadcasting receiving apparatus, the broadcasting receiving apparatus can select an easily executable application.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display (“EPD”) panel includes a display substrate and an electrophoretic film. The display substrate includes a display switching element electrically connected to a display gate line and a data line crossing the display gate line, a pixel electrode electrically connected to the display switching element, and a sensing switching element electrically connected to a sensing gate line and the data line to detect a light quantity. The electrophoretic film is combined with the display substrate. The electrophoretic film includes a plurality of charged particles. Thus, a bias signal of the sensing switching element is delivered through the data line applying the data signal, so that a manufacturing process of the EPD panel may be simplified.

Abstract: An encased tweezers with a trough like hollow case having a hollow trough section constricting on one end, the hollow trough section partially concealing a body of the tweezers and allowing the head of the tweezers to be viewed from the top when the tweezers is in a nested position. The tweezers has a fused end and a pincer opposite the fused end. The fused end of the tweezers insert between two opposite borders at the constricted end of the hollow case where the tweezers is attached to the hollow case. A positional plate between an inside surface of one border and a lateral side of the tweezers or between adjacent lateral sides of two tweezers can be used for positioning the tweezers when it is deployed. A mechanism for ejecting the tweezers from the hollow case is also described.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a read-only storage area and a writable storage area and a recording/reproducing apparatus and method therefore. The optical recording medium is a hybrid disc having both the read-only storage area, which is suitable for mass production of information having the same contents, and the writable storage area on which data can be recorded, updated or added at a user's option.

Abstract: A wafer transfer apparatus capable of improving working efficiency by simultaneously and selectively transferring a desired amount of wafers to shorten a wafer transfer time. The wafer transfer apparatus includes a plurality of wafer support members capable of supporting and transferring at least one wafer. The wafer transfer apparatus also includes a moving device connected to the wafer support members so as to move the wafer support members corresponding to a number of wafers to be transferred in such a manner that the wafer support members simultaneously transfer at least one wafer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a conductive polymer, characterized by comprising conducting polymerization in the presence of a polymerizable monomer, a surfactant, a solvent and an oxidizing agent under initial conditions that a concentration of the polymerizable monomer is from 0.20 to 2.8 mol/L and a molar ratio of the surfactant is from 0.8 to 1.6 mol per mol of the polymerizable monomer; and a conductive polymer obtained by the method. Since the conductive polymer of the present invention has high conductivity, it is useful as constituent members of electrochemical elements.