Abstract: Provided is a security method and apparatus for supporting IPv4 and IPv6. The security apparatus includes a packet classifier classifying an IPv4 packet and an IPv6 packet based on version information in header information of an input IP packet, a key generator generating header information corresponding to each of the classified IPv4 and IPv6 packets and generating a discrimination key corresponding to each of the classified IPv4 and IPv6 packets based on the generated header information, and a lookup engine comprising a first bank in which a security policy for IPv4 packets is established and a second bank in which a security policy for IPv6 packets is established, by which the first bank and the second bank are searched using the discrimination key corresponding to each packet.

Abstract: A method of reducing hot carrier degradation and a semiconductor structure so formed are disclosed. One embodiment of the method includes depositing a silicon nitride layer over a transistor device, ion implanting a species into the silicon nitride layer to drive hydrogen from the silicon nitride layer, and annealing to diffuse the hydrogen into a channel region of the transistor device. The species may be chosen from, for example: germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), xenon (Xe), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), carbon (C), boron (B), indium (In), argon (Ar), helium (He), and deuterium (De). The ion implantation modulates atoms in the silicon nitride layer such as hydrogen, nitrogen and hydrogen-nitrogen bonds such that hydrogen can be controllably diffused into the channel region.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for comparing structures of proteins by extracting main axes of the proteins using principal components analysis (PCA), dividing regions using grids into voxels for precise structure alignment, and placing the proteins respectively in the regions to calculate a similarity between the proteins by autocorrelation. The apparatus for comparing protein structures using principal components analysis (PCA) and autocorrelation includes: a PCA calculator for receiving a query protein for extracting a main axis of the query protein; a voxel generator for receiving information about the main axis from the PCA calculator and dividing a predetermined region using a grid to determine whether the divided region is occupied by the query protein for generating voxels of the query protein; and a comparison processor for performing an autocorrelation calculation between voxels of one protein and voxels of the other protein that are generated by the voxel generator.

Abstract: A voltage regulator includes a voltage driving circuit and a current sinking unit. The voltage driving circuit is controlled to maintain an output signal at an output node. The current sinking unit is coupled to the output node for generating a sinking current for diverting an external current to the output node. An error amplifier generates a control signal from the output signal and a reference signal. The voltage driving circuit and the current sinking unit are controlled according to such a control signal.

Abstract: A method for driving a liquid crystal display, includes receiving source data, reducing the number of bits of the source data, thereby generating a reduced-bit source data, comparing the reduced-bit source data of a previous frame with the reduced-bit source data of a current frame to select a preset modulated data in accordance with the result of the comparison, and modulating the source data by using the selected modulated data.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the same are provided. The electrolyte includes: a cyclic ester; an organic solvent including a nitrile-containing solvent represented by Formula 1 at a content ranging from 1 to 5% by volume; and a lithium salt, R—C?N ??(1) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a C1 to C10 aliphatic hydrocarbon, a C1 to C10 halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, a C6 to C10 aromatic hydrocarbon, and a C6 to C10 halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon. The electrolyte can improve swelling characteristics and discharge capacity characteristics at a low temperature, and realize equal or better performance in characteristics such as capacity, life span and the like, as compared to a conventional carbonate-containing electrolyte.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for fabricating a patterned thin film layer within a flat panel display that employs a soft mold and heat treatment in place of a photolithographic process. The disclosed method may reduce process time as well as substantially minimize pattern deformities.

Abstract: An organic thin film transistor array panel is provided, which includes: a substrate; a data line formed on the substrate and including a source electrode; a drain electrode formed on the substrate and separated from the data line; an organic semiconductor disposed on the source electrode and the drain electrode; a gate insulator formed on the organic semiconductor; a gate line including a gate electrode disposed on the gate insulator; a passivation layer formed on the gate line and having a first contact hole on the drain electrode; a pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode through the first contact hole; and an opaque light blocking member disposed under the organic semiconductor.

Abstract: Provided are a method and medium for analyzing an environment of a device and a device using the same. A device may include a vibration unit to cause the device to vibrate, a sensing unit to sense vibration of the device, wherein the sensed vibration forms a vibration pattern and a judgment unit to judge an environment of the device according to a vibration pattern of the device sensed by the sensing unit.

Abstract: A goniometer for measuring artificial acetabular cup angles having the function of measuring an inclination angle and anteversion angle and a method for measuring the artificial acetabular cup angle using the same are disclosed. This goniometer measures the inclination angle or anteversion angle by using the first angle measuring unit, and then measures the inclination angle or anteversion angle by using the second angle measuring unit. Accordingly, it becomes possible to obtain precise operation angles of the acetabular cup easily and quickly, so it is possible to perform the artificial hip joint operation more precisely and quickly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data transmission method for an MBS in a broadband wireless access system. The method includes the steps of constructing a Wibro frame by adding an FEC zone to a downlink portion of the Wibro frame by a radio access station, the FEC zone containing an FEC packet for performing a packet-based FEC scheme; and transmitting data to a plurality of mobile stations by the radio access station, the Wibro frame constructing the data.

Abstract: A light emitting device is closed. More particularly, a light emitting device capable improving light-extraction efficiency is disclosed. The light emitting device includes a plurality of layers including a reflector layer. The reflector layer has the maximum reflectivity at an incidence angle more than zero degrees and less than an angle ?. The angle ? is represented by the equation ?=Sin?1[n2/n1] (where, n1 is the maximum refractive index of the plurality of layers constituting the light emitting device, and n2 is the refractive index of an external background material).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing authentication are provided. The method includes: receiving an authentication request signal for requesting authentication from an external device; determining whether authentication has been performed with the external device that has transmitted the authentication request signal; based on the determination, selectively outputting an indication representing that it is necessary to perform authentication with the external device; if the indication representing that it is necessary to perform authentication with the external device is output, receiving an authentication execution command for instructing the execution of authentication in response to the indication; and performing authentication with the external device according to the authentication execution command.

Abstract: A phase change memory device is manufactured by forming a sacrificial layer and a hard mask layer on a lower electrode; performing a first etching these layers and forming on the lower electrode a first stack pattern having a first width less than a width of the lower electrode; performing a second etching the first stack pattern and forming a second stack pattern having a second width less than the first width; forming an insulation to cover the second stack pattern; CMPing the insulation layer to expose the sacrificial layer; removing the sacrificial layer to define a contact hole; forming a lower electrode contact in the contact hole; and forming a phase change layer and an upper electrode on the insulation layer including the lower electrode contact. By manufacturing the phase change memory device in this manner, the size of the contact hole can be decreased and uniformly defined.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a random access preamble using a random access procedure in a mobile communication system. The random access preamble transmission method includes selecting, upon triggering of the random access procedure, one of random access preamble sets predefined between a User Equipment (UE) and an Evolved Node B (ENB) according to whether a radio channel condition is greater than a radio channel condition threshold and a size of a message that the UE will transmit after transmission of the random access preamble is greater than a minimum message size, randomly selecting a random access preamble from the selected random access preamble set, and transmitting the selected random access preamble to the ENB over a random access channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to extract an important frequency component of an audio signal and a method and apparatus to encode and/or decode an audio signal by using the same. The method of extracting an important frequency component of an audio signal includes converting an audio signal of a time domain into an audio signal of a frequency domain, selecting a frequency band having a harmonic feature from the converted audio signal of the frequency domain, and extracting an important frequency component from the selected frequency band having the harmonic feature.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device and the semiconductor device are provided. A mixed impurity of fluorine and boron are implanted into a polysilicon layer in a PMOS region. The fluorine and boron implanted polysilicon layer is etched to form a gate. The fluorine and boron reaction inhibits infiltration of the boron into a gate oxide film or gate spacer during a subsequent thermal process.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic discharge device for a portable terminal including a main body mounted within the portable terminal. The main body includes a conductor coated with an insulator around the external circumference thereof. In addition, the main body also includes at least one electricity reception portion formed by partially removing the insulator so as to expose the conductor, and an electricity release portion formed by an end of the insulator so as to expose the conductor, wherein the electrostatic electricity generated within the terminal is applied to the electricity reception portion and guided through the conductor. The electrostatic discharge device can be easily installed within the terminal at or adjacent to a position where electrostatic electricity is generated, thereby contributing to miniaturization of a portable terminal.

Abstract: A robot component is provided as assembly units for assembling a robot toy with a great variety of configuration. The robot component has three connectors, i.e., a rotatable connector of a gear shaft, a laterally protruding connector of the gear shaft, and a receivable connector of a middle housing. These connectors are engaged with various joint members so several robot components are joined to each other to realize the complete robot toy. The robot toy has a master main-processor unit board provided in one of the robot components and joint control systems respectively provided in the other robot components. Each joint control system operates the robot component according to a predefined operation pattern when the master main-processor unit board transmits robot control signals.

Abstract: A method of encrypting data is provided. The method includes dividing data in packet units into N data blocks; generating an initial counter value using a random number used for generating an encryption key for encrypting the data blocks; generating N counter values by increasing the initial value by a predetermined value N times and encrypting the N counter values using the encryption key; and performing an exclusive OR operation on the N encrypted counter values and the N data blocks.