Abstract: Provided is a method of inserting authentication code into a data packet. The method includes determining whether to insert authentication code into a data packet based on at least one of an importance of the data packet and a type of the data packet, and inserting the authentication code into the data packet based on a result of the determining.

Abstract: A split-gate non-volatile memory device includes a raised oxide layer on a field oxide region between adjacent split-gate memory cells, the raised oxide layer extending onto first and second floating gates included in the adjacent split-gate memory cells covered by a wordline electrically coupled to respective control gates included in the adjacent split-gate memory cells.

Abstract: An LCD is fabricated using a diffraction mask with transmissive, semi-transmissive, and opaque regions. The semi-transmissive region permits formation of a transmission, reflection, or pixel electrode, depending on the type of LCD being fabricated, using the same masking process as that to produce contact holes in an insulating film and a conductive layer. Photoresist exposed through the semi-transmissive region is partially removed during developing that completely removes photoresist in the transmissive or opaque region. The contact holes are formed in the region in which the photoresist is completely removed, the photoresist and underlying conductive layer in the semi-transmissive region are then removed, and the remaining photoresist is stripped.

Abstract: A trellis encoding device includes a plurality of trellis encoders to perform trellis-encoding of a transport stream into which a supplementary reference signal (SRS) has been inserted, and performs a memory reset in a region that precedes an SRS; and a parity compensation unit to compensate for parities of the transport stream in accordance with values stored in memories included in the trellis encoders. The plurality of trellis encoders may be implemented in diverse types. The trellis encoding device can perform a memory reset selectively using the stored value of the memory and the inverted value thereof, or selectively using the stored value of the memory and a fixed value. By properly resetting the memory in processing the transport stream into which the SRS has been inserted, DC offset can be reduced.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for detecting a ligand through automatic specific site extraction and allow a convenient and speedy protein structure-based drug design by detecting sequences and structures of protein binding sites or detecting structures of protein binding sites, and then automatically extracting a specific site to detect a ligand. The ligand detecting apparatus includes: an input data processing unit for processing input data; a binding site extraction unit for extracting a binding site from the data; a user input unit for allowing a user to select a comparison type; a manual like-binding-site comparison unit for manually comparing a binding site of a target protein with a like binding site of a protein of a database to extract a specific site; an automatic like-binding-site comparison unit; and a ligand detection unit for performing virtual screening on the specific site.

Abstract: An ion implantation apparatus comprises an ion beam source for generating an initial ion beam, a bundled ion beam generator adapted to change the initial ion beam into a bundled ion beam based on a predetermined frequency to pass the bundled ion beam for a first time while passing the initial ion beam for a second time, a beam line for accelerating the ion beam having passed through the ion beam generator, and an end station for arranging a wafer therein to allow the ion beam accelerated by the beam line to be implanted in the wafer, the end station operating to move the wafer in a direction perpendicular to an ion beam implantation direction, so as to implant the bundled ion beam in a first region of the wafer and the initial ion beam in a second region of the wafer.

Abstract: Provided is a tactile and visual display device enabling visual information and tactile information to be simultaneously sensed. The tactile and visual display device includes: a display unit comprising a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines and a plurality of pixels; a tactile sensation generator mounted over the display unit, transmitting light emitted from the pixels, comprising a transistor electrically connecting a plurality of corresponding pixels formed to correspond to the pixels with adjacent corresponding pixels, and generating an electrostatic force and a magnetostatic force; and a sensor in contact with the corresponding pixels to sense the generated electrostatic force or magnetostatic force. Accordingly, the texture of an image displayed on a display is provided as tactile information using an electrostatic force and a magnetostatic force, so that tactile information as well as visual information of the conventional display may be simultaneously provided.

Abstract: A method of providing a mobile station with communication services through base station cooperation in a communication system. The method includes the steps of: receiving signals from two or more base stations; measuring a strength of each of the received signals; estimating an expected transfer rate of the mobile station; if the estimated expected transfer rate is below a predetermined reference value, selecting at least two bases stations in order of the strength of the received signal; feeding back information on the selected base stations and channel conditions thereof to a serving base station that is providing the mobile station with the communication services or to a base station that is to serve the mobile station; allocating power and resources to the mobile station by the selected base stations; and performing signal transmission/reception with the selected base stations by using the allocated power and resources.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes a substrate, resistance patterns, a gate dielectric layer, a gate electrode pattern, a first impurity region and a second impurity region. The substrate has recesses. The recesses are filled with the resistance patterns. The resistance patterns include a material having a resistance that is variable in accordance with a voltage applied thereto. The gate dielectric layer is formed on the substrate. The gate electrode pattern is formed on the gate dielectric layer. The first and second impurity regions are formed in the substrate. The first impurity region and the second impurity region contact side surfaces of the resistance patterns. Further, the resistance patterns, the first impurity region and the second impurity region define a channel region. Thus, the non-volatile memory device may store data using a variable resistance of the resistance patterns so that the non-volatile memory device may have excellent operational characteristics.

Abstract: Provided are a method for generating an instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) unit for trick play, and a trick play system and method using the same. The trick play system includes: a speed information input unit configured to receive a speed value; a transmission condition determining unit configured to determine instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) transmission conditions based on the speed value inputted through the speed information input unit; a double-speed IDR-unit generating unit configured to generate a double-speed IDR-unit by adjusting the number and data size of video frames to be transmitted in accordance with the transmission conditions determined by the transmission condition determining unit; and a transmitting unit configured to transmit the generated double-speed IDR-unit to an external user terminal.

Abstract: Provided is a recording medium for storing a structure of a frame for performing Medium Access Control (MAC) and allocating resources in a multi-hop wireless Ad hoc network, and a method of performing Medium Access Control (MAC) and allocating resources in a multi-hop wireless Ad Hoc network.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device includes a base (40) and fins (30) attached to the base (40) and two heat pipes (20). The fins (30) include a first portion (325) and a second portion (326) connecting with one side of the first portion (325), and the second portion (326) is higher than the first portion (325). Each of the heat pipes (20) includes an evaporating portion (22) sandwiched between the base (40) and the first portion (325) of the fins (30), a condensing portion (24) inserted into the second portion (326) of the fins (30).

Abstract: An optical recording medium and a method and apparatus for assigning a spare area in a rewritable optical recording medium are provided. According to an embodiment, there is provided an apparatus for assigning a spare area in a storage medium assignable at least one spare area, characterized by assigning a spare area within or to a predetermined maximum allowable size, the spare area being assignable to a first size smaller than the predetermined maximum allowable size, or assignable to a second size same as the predetermined maximum allowable size, wherein the spare area is assignable during a formatting process of the storage medium, or in-use status different than the formatting process of the storage medium, and the spare area is located at an outer radius of the storage medium.

Abstract: A head gimbal assembly (HGA) of a hard disk drive (HDD) includes a flexure, a slider attached to the flexure and including a magnetic head, a plurality of pads at a side of the slider, a plurality of traces attached to and supported by the flexure and respectively bonded to the pads to form an electrically continuous circuit therebetween, and an insulating support element covering a bonding region between the pads and the traces.

Abstract: A laser beam generation system having an integrated coherence reduction mechanism. The system includes: a flexible circuit having a first end portion and a second end portion; a laser diode mounted on the first end portion of the flexible circuit, for producing a laser beam having a central characteristic wavelength; diode current drive circuitry for producing a diode drive current to drive the laser diode and produce said laser beam; and high frequency modulation (HFM) circuitry also mounted on the first end portion of the flexible circuit, for modulating the diode drive current at a sufficiently high frequency to cause the laser diode to produce a laser beam having a spectral side-band components about the central characteristic wavelength, and thereby reducing the coherence as well as coherence length of the laser beam.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip package and printed circuit board assembly including the same which have a variable mounting orientation include a semiconductor chip disposed on a first surface of an insulating substrate, connectors symmetrically disposed at respective first and opposite second sides of the insulating substrate, a plurality of input/output connecting leads and power connecting leads electrically connected by connecting members to a plurality of internal circuits of the semiconductor chip, at least two internal circuits of the plurality of internal circuits being substantially similar circuits, and a radiating pad disposed on a second opposite surface of the insulating substrate and which is electrically connected to the semiconductor chip.

Abstract: Provided are a frame error concealment method and apparatus and an error concealment scheme construction method and apparatus. The frame error concealment method includes generating a new signal by synthesizing a plurality of previous signals that are similar to a signal of an error frame and reconstructing the signal of the error frame using the generated signal.

Abstract: Provided is an application program launching method and system for improving security of an embedded Linux kernel by distributing superuser privileges. The method includes: searching security set information on an application program selected by a user; changing a user account for a processor of the application program to a user ID associated with the application program in the security set information; setting a capability for the processor according to setting information for the capability in the security set information; changing a basic directory for the processor according to a basic directory in the security set information; and launching the application program.

Abstract: A digital image capturing and processing system for automatically recognizing objects in a POS environment. The system includes a system housing having an imaging window; illumination and imaging stations for generating and projecting illumination and imaging planes or zones through the imaging window, and into a 3D imaging volume definable relative to the imaging window, for digital imaging an object passing through the 3D imaging volume, and generating digital linear images of the object as the object intersects the illumination and imaging planes or zones during system operation. A digital image processor processes the digital images and automatically recognizes the object, such as produce and fruit, graphically represented by the digital images.

Abstract: An oxide pattern forming method comprises forming an oxide layer on a semiconductor substrate, implanting boron ions of not less than 1.0×1016 atoms/cm2 onto the oxide layer in a given region, and wet-etching the oxide layer in the remaining region where the boron ions are not implanted.