Abstract: A treadmill frame rotationally supporting spaced apart rollers in turn rotatingly engaging a treadmill belt for revolving around the rollers and a motor frame pivotally engaged with the treadmill frame, the frame supporting a drive motor providing rotation of the treadmill belt. An upright frame in a simple rectangular shape with side struts pivotally engaged with the motor frame and a lower lateral struts positioned below the motor frame in a position for resting on a supporting surface. The treadmill frame, motor frame, upright frame and a support strut rotatable about pivots so as to set a treadmill inclination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing and selecting an application easily processed by a broadcasting receiving apparatus among the plurality of applications and executing the selected application are provided. The application processing method includes: analyzing information on each of a plurality of applications providing a common broadcasting service; selecting an application suitable for a broadcasting receiving apparatus among the plurality of applications based on the analysis; and executing the selected application. When a plurality of applications is transmitted to a broadcasting receiving apparatus, the broadcasting receiving apparatus can select an easily executable application.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, an insulating layer pattern defining at least one opening partially exposing a semiconductor substrate is formed on a semiconductor substrate including a single crystalline material. An amorphous thin layer is formed on the insulating layer pattern to fill up the opening. The amorphous thin layer is transformed into a single crystalline thin layer by providing the amorphous thin layer with a laser beam having sufficient energy to melt the amorphous thin layer. Here, the semiconductor substrate partially exposed through the opening is used as a seed. A gate pattern is formed on the single crystalline thin layer. Source/drain regions are formed at surface portions of the single crystalline thin layer adjacent to both sidewalls of the gate pattern.

Abstract: A method of programming a selected cell in a multi-level flash memory device comprises determining whether to program an upper bit or a lower bit of a selected memory cell, detecting a current logic state of two bits of data stored in the selected memory cell, determining a target logic state for the upper or lower bit, generating a program voltage and a verify voltage for programming the upper or lower bit to the target logic state, and applying the program voltage and the verify voltage to a word line connected to the selected memory cell.

Abstract: A fuel cell cartridge includes a fuel pouch to store fuel, the fuel pouch including a fuel outlet; a pressing unit to press the fuel pouch; a variable resistor provided near the fuel pouch; a sensor provided on the pressing unit to read a resistance value of the variable resistor; and a contact pad to transmit an output voltage determined by the resistance value outside the fuel cell cartridge.

Abstract: A dyadic spatial down sampling filter having tap values configured according to a Kaiser window function a beta factor of approximately 2.5, having approximately 1.5 side lobes, and having a down sampling ratio of approximately 1.9. The dyadic spatial down sampling filter may have tap values [?1, 17, 32, 17, ?1]/64. A dyadic spatial up sampling filter having tap values configured according to a Kaiser window function having a beta factor of approximately 1.5, having approximately 2 side lobes, and having an up sampling ratio of approximately 2. The dyadic spatial up sampling filter may have tap values [?5.44, 0, 20.71, 33.46, 20.71, 0, ?5.44]/64.0, or tap values [?5, 0, 21, 32, 21, 0, ?5]/64, or tap values [?5, 21, 21, ?5]/32.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing and selecting an application easily processed by a broadcasting receiving apparatus among the plurality of applications and executing the selected application are provided. The application processing method includes: analyzing information on each of a plurality of applications providing a common broadcasting service; selecting an application suitable for a broadcasting receiving apparatus among the plurality of applications based on the analysis; and executing the selected application. When a plurality of applications is transmitted to a broadcasting receiving apparatus, the broadcasting receiving apparatus can select an easily executable application.

Abstract: A localized content adaptive filter system including a tile buffer having an output providing first image information, a frequency analyzer providing a frequency information signal based on frequency content of the first image information, and an adaptive filter which is adjusted based on the frequency information signal. The frequency analyzer may include a wavelet transform filter and a frequency content analyzer. The adaptive filter may include filter select logic which receives the frequency information signal and second image information associated with the first image information, and which provides filtered image information. The filter select logic determines a filter based on the frequency information signal and the determined filter filters the second image information to provide the filtered image information.

Abstract: A method, system, and medium for indexing an image object. The system of indexing an image object, the system includes: an image input unit receiving an image from a camera of a portable device, and displaying the received image on a display unit; a geographical object identification unit identifying a geographical object included in an object location corresponding to the image; a context information extraction unit extracting context information corresponding to the identified geographical object from a context database; and a display control unit displaying the context information on a position of the image, the position corresponding to the geographical object, and the image being displayed on the display unit.

Abstract: The compositions and methods are provided that enhance the selection of transgenic plants having two T-DNA molecules integrated into a plant genome at different physical and genetic loci. The compositions are DNA constructs that comprise novel arrangements of T-DNA molecules containing genes of interest, positive selectable marker genes, and conditional lethal genes. The methods disclosed herein comprises transforming a plant cell to comprise the DNA constructs of the present invention, regenerating the plant cell into a plant and identifying independant transgene loci, where the selectable marker genes or transgenic elements can be segregated in the progeny.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing and selecting an application easily processed by a broadcasting receiving apparatus among the plurality of applications and executing the selected application are provided. The application processing method includes: analyzing information on each of a plurality of applications providing a common broadcasting service; selecting an application suitable for a broadcasting receiving apparatus among the plurality of applications based on the analysis; and executing the selected application. When a plurality of applications is transmitted to a broadcasting receiving apparatus, the broadcasting receiving apparatus can select an easily executable application.

Abstract: A write-once optical disc, and an apparatus and method for recording management information on the optical disc are provided. The disc includes at least one recording layer, a plurality of temporary defect management areas (TDMAs) on the at least one recording layer, and a plurality of defect management areas (DMAs) on the at least one recording layer. At least one of the TDMAs includes first and second indicators. The first indicator indicates which TDMA is an in-use TDMA, and the second indicator indicates whether or not the recording medium is closed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic/inorganic composite electrolyte membrane comprising: (a) a sulfonated fluorine-free hydrocarbon-based polymer; and (b) inorganic particles capable of collecting moisture, wherein the inorganic particles include zeolite. Also, disclosed are an electrode comprising the zeolite as a component for forming a catalyst layer, a membrane electrode assembly comprising the electrolyte membrane and/or the electrode, and a fuel cell having the membrane electrode assembly. The organic/inorganic composite electrolyte membrane using the hydrophilic zeolite in combination with the sulfonated fluorine-free hydrocarbon-based polymer shows high proton conductivity, and thus can impart excellent quality to a fuel cell even under high-temperature and low-humidity conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing and selecting an application easily processed by a broadcasting receiving apparatus among the plurality of applications and executing the selected application are provided. The application processing method includes: analyzing information on each of a plurality of applications providing a common broadcasting service; selecting an application suitable for a broadcasting receiving apparatus among the plurality of applications based on the analysis; and executing the selected application. When a plurality of applications is transmitted to a broadcasting receiving apparatus, the broadcasting receiving apparatus can select an easily executable application.

Abstract: A method of controlling a copy-back operation of a flash memory device including multi-level cells. In the method, the copy-back operation can be executed even without an additional storage space. Accordingly, a program time can be shortened and operational performance of a flash memory device can be improved.

Abstract: A function of displaying a clock visually varying according to state information which can be provided by a mobile communication terminal is implemented. In particular, an analog clock designed to move three-dimensionally, which is formed by adding a graphical factor to state information, such as remaining power of battery and reception sensitivity, of a mobile communication terminal, is displayed. Accordingly, since an analog clock on which specific state information is reflected can be displayed, various personalities of users can be reflected with simultaneously increasing visibility in information delivery.

Abstract: A mobile communication device for receiving and transmitting wireless communication signals including a body having a border portion, a display supported by the body, a touch screen adjacent the display and defining an exterior surface of the mobile communication device such that the display is visible through the touch screen, the touch screen transferring an input signal through electrodes disposed at an edge portion of the touch screen, and an electrode covering layer located above the electrodes of the touch screen. The border portion of the body and the outermost portion of the touch screen are substantially coplanar.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is disclosed that includes: a substrate; a first high-k dielectric layer; a second high-k dielectric layer formed of a different high-k material; and a metal gate. In another form, a method of forming a semiconductor device is disclosed that includes: providing a substrate; forming a first high-k dielectric layer above the substrate; forming a second dielectric layer of a different high-k material above the first dielectric layer; and forming a gate structure above the second dielectric layer. In yet another form, a method of forming a semiconductor device is disclosed that includes: providing a substrate; forming an interfacial layer above the substrate; forming a first high-k dielectric layer above the interfacial layer; performing a nitridation technique; performing an anneal; forming a second high-k dielectric layer of a different high-k material above the first dielectric layer; and forming a metal gate structure above the second dielectric layer.

Abstract: A communications network comprising components configured to implement a method comprising analyzing a path between a first end point and a second end point, and identifying a partial fault along the path is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for communicating information within a network, the method comprising: defining a path traversing a plurality of nodes, receiving a fault report from an intermediate node, determining whether the fault report affects the path, and responsive to the determination that the fault report affects the path, transmitting the fault report to an upstream or downstream node in the path.

Abstract: A telecommunications network comprising components configured to implement a method comprising: receiving a reservation from a customer, reserving a network resource specified in the reservation, initiating the establishment of a reserved connection through a network, the reserved connection parameters based on the reservation, subsequent to the establishment of the reserved connection, detecting a data stream transmitted from the customer, and allowing the data stream to be transported over the network using the reserved connection. Also disclosed is a method for reserving bandwidth on a network, the method comprising: submitting a reservation request specifying a bandwidth requirement and a start time, receiving a confirmation that the reservation has been accepted, and transmitting a data stream to a network at the start time, wherein the data stream is transported over the network using no more than the bandwidth specified in the reservation request.