Abstract: A bottom level detection device is disclosed for a burst mode optical receiver. The receiver includes a converter for converting a burst mode signal into a voltage signal and an automatic gain controller for automatically controlling a gain of the converter. The bottom level detection device detects a bottom level of an output signal from the converter and controls the automatic gain controller on the basis of the detected bottom level. The bottom level detection device includes an amplification circuit for receiving the output signal from the converter at its first input terminal and a fed-back output signal from the device at its second input terminal, respectively, and amplifying a difference between the received signals, a detector for detecting a bottom level of an output signal from the amplification circuit, and an output buffer.

Abstract: A mounting apparatus for mounting a motherboard (10) includes a base (80), an operating member (40) and a supporting tray (20). The base has a plurality of first standoffs (82) formed thereon. The operating member is pivotably attached to the base. The operating member includes a driver (44). The supporting tray is adapted to be attached to the motherboard. The supporting tray defines an opening (291) for receiving the driver therein. The driver is pivoted to engage with the edge of the opening, so that the motherboard moves horizontally to be secured to the first standoffs of the base.

Abstract: Provided are an IP address lookup system and method for forwarding a packet over a data plane of a router. The IP address lookup system includes a forwarding table which has a three-layer table architecture so that it can search for each address group that constitutes an IP destination address of an input packet and a forwarding engine which obtains packet processing information and next hop information for the input packet by searching for the forwarding table using the IP destination address as a search key.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a one-way transparent optical system by which external light is effectively intercepted and internal light passes nearly without loss is provided. The method includes: forming a photoresist on an upper surface of a transparent substrate; heating and carbonizing the photoresist to form a black body layer; patterning the black body layer to form a plurality of light-absorbing materials on the transparent substrate; and forming protrusion structures having a shape of a convex lens shape for refracting incident light toward a corresponding light-absorbing material of the light-absorbing materials, on the transparent substrate on which the light-absorbing materials are formed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device such as a flash memory device having a self-aligned floating gate and a method of fabricating the same is provided. An embodiment of the device includes an isolation layer defining a fin body is formed in a semiconductor substrate. The fin body has a portion protruding above the isolation layer. A sacrificial pattern is formed on the isolation layer. The sacrificial pattern has an opening self-aligned with the protruding portion of the fin body. The protruding fin body is exposed in the opening. An insulated floating gate pattern is formed to fill the opening. The sacrificial pattern is then removed. An inter-gate dielectric layer covering the floating gate pattern is formed. A control gate conductive layer is formed over the inter-gate dielectric layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for performing a printing job using an intermediate transfer belt is provided. The image forming apparatus has a voltage determination part for determining a predetermined level of a refresh charge corresponding to a potential difference which is generated on opposite surfaces of the intermediate transfer belt, and a power supply for supplying the refresh charge to the intermediate transfer belt so that the potential difference is offset. The power supply supplies the refresh charge to the intermediate transfer belt through a certain roller which is in contact with the intermediate transfer belt. Accordingly, the potential difference caused by the polarization in the intermediate transfer belt is offset by the refresh charge, and the variation of the resistance caused by the potential difference is prevented.

Abstract: Integrated circuit devices are provided including an integrated circuit substrate and a gate on the integrated circuit substrate. The gate has sidewalls. A barrier layer spacer is provided on the sidewalls of the gate. A portion of the barrier layer spacer protrudes from the sidewalls of the gate exposing a lower surface of the barrier layer spacer that faces the integrated circuit substrate. A silicide layer is provided on the portion of the barrier layer spacer protruding from the sidewalls of the gate.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device according to embodiments of the invention includes storage nodes and resistors. A method of manufacturing the semiconductor memory device according to some embodiments of the invention includes forming an interlayer insulation layer on a semiconductor substrate including a memory cell array area and a core/perimeter area; forming a first etch stop layer thereon; forming a plurality of contact plugs arranged linearly in at least one direction on the memory cell array area; forming a first conductive layer on the resultant structure; forming a second etch stop layer thereon; etching the second etch stop layer and the first conductive layer and forming landing pads and resistors arranged non-linearly in at least one direction; and forming storage nodes on the entire outer lateral surfaces of which are exposed, on the landing pads.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing an optically pure compound having formula 1 or its salts. The method includes: reacting (R)-2-(4-methoxy-3-aminosulfonyl-phenyl)-1 -methylethylamine or its salts with a compound selected from the group consisting of chloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, fluoroacetic acid, iodoacetic acid, ?-halogenoacetic acid anhydride, and ?-halogenoacetyl halide in the presence of a base or an acylating agent.

Abstract: In an apparatus for distributively processing a border gateway protocol (BGP) and a method thereof, a central processing unit does not process all tasks for processing the BGP, and distributed BGP processing units are formed in the central processing unit so that each distributed BGP processing unit manages TCP sessions with external BGP routers belonging to the distributed BGP processing unit. Information is internally transmitted in the distributed BGP processing units using a multicast scheme and a broadcast scheme so that loads can be distributed. The apparatus comprises a number of BGP routers existing externally, a BGP router corresponding to a server, and a number of distributed BGP processing units in the BGP router. The distributed BGP processing units only manage the BGP routers connected directly to each distributed BGP processing unit in accordance with an operator's policy.

Abstract: A multi digital subscriber line access multiplexor M-DSLAM system, connecting with an asynchronous transfer mode ATM network, linking with multiple data transmission service networks, and multiple subscriber receiving/transmitting units to perform subscriber line collection function and enable a wideband high-speed data receiving/transmitting operation among the numerous subscribers, The M-DSLAM system incorporates multiple ATM cell buses, an NIU, multiple xDSL service unit, a shelf interface unit SIU, and a main control unit MCU. Therefore, the M-DSLAM system can provide a wideband high-speed data service system, that supports high capacity processing ability and various services including a dialogue service with motion picture, such as a videoconference, a video medical service, VoD, and a voice service based on voIP. This M-DSLAM system advantageously enables on a substantial increase in the number of subscribers while significantly reducing the area occupied by the M-DSLAM system.

Abstract: A novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain deposited at the International Depository Authority of Health Canada in Winnipeg under accession number IDAC010201-5, its crystal gene having the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 and crystal protein encoded by same having the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 and uses thereof. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with a novel Bacillus thuringiensis, novel cry31 protoxin and toxin, nucleotide sequences encoding same and anti-cancer therapeutic applications for the toxin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for fabricating a patterned thin film layer within a flat panel display that employs a soft mold and heat treatment in place of a photolithographic process. The disclosed method may reduce process time as well as substantially minimize pattern deformities.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that is configured to process upper data bits, a control data bit, and a lower data bit using two decoders and a control logic. The resulting DAC provides high resolution output using a minimum circuit area. Embodiments of the invention also provide a sample and hold circuit for a DAC that reduces the effects of parasitic capacitance at the input of an operational amplifier (OP-AMP).

Abstract: A clip includes a body with a first end and a second end, an actuating member pivotally coupled to the second end of the body via a pivot, and a movable fastener pivotally coupled to the actuating member at a location apart from and above the pivot. The body has a leg formed at the first end of the body for mounting and the movable fastener has an engaging structure for mounting. The actuating member and the movable fastener are assembled to apply leverage such that when the actuating member is brought to pivot about the pivot, the movable fastener is driven to move between a relaxed position and a locked position where the actuating member is substantially covered by the movable fastener and the engaging structure of the movable fastener securely engages a protrusion of a retention module.

Abstract: A digital to analog converter (DAC) converting digital data into a corresponding analog voltage is disclosed.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device includes data lines, selection scan lines, and emission scan lines for transmitting data signals, selection signals, and emission signals, respectively. Pixel circuits are arranged at regions defined by the data lines and the selection scan lines. A first scan driving unit outputs the emission signals. The first scan driving unit includes conversion circuits, each of the conversion circuits including conversion circuit transistors of an identical channel type. Each of the conversion circuits receives a first signal, a second signal, a third signal and a conversion circuit clock signal, and outputs a conversion output signal as a respective emission signal of the emission signals.