Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a PN diode and a method of manufacturing a phase change memory device using the same. Formation of a PN diode includes forming a first conductivity type region in a surface of a semiconductor substrate. A polysilicon layer doped with second conductivity type impurities is then deposited on the semiconductor substrate formed with the first conductivity type region. Forming a plurality of second conductivity type regions by etching the polysilicon layer doped with the second conductivity type impurities completes the PN diode. Since the P-regions of a PN diode are formed through the deposition and etching of a polysilicon layer doped with second conductivity type impurities rather than an SEG process, a uniformity of resistance in the PN diode can be obtained.

Abstract: A phase change memory device includes a semiconductor substrate having bar-shaped active regions which extend in a first direction; base regions and emitter regions alternately formed in each active region; lower electrodes formed over the emitter regions to connect to the respective emitter regions; a phase change layer and an upper electrode stacked on each of the lower electrodes; sub bit lines formed over the upper electrodes to come into contact with the corresponding upper electrodes; word lines arranged over the sub bit lines to come into contact with the base regions; and a main bit line formed over the word line to come into contact with the sub bit lines. The phase change memory device is able to prevent a change in the composition of the phase change layer and additionally is able to widen the sensing margin of a bit line.

Abstract: Disclosed are a phase-change memory device and its manufacturing method, which can reduce a contact area between a bottom electrode and a phase-change layer, thereby reducing the quantity of current necessary for phase change. The phase-change memory device comprises: a bottom electrode formed on a contact plug; a phase-change layer formed on the bottom electrode and having a shape of a character ‘?’; and a top electrode formed on the phase-change layer.

Abstract: A data storage apparatus includes a data storage unit which stores digital data; a metadata storage unit which stores metadata regarding a plurality of categories for a plurality of pieces of digital data including the digital data stored in the data storage unit; a search criterion input unit which receives at least one category which is a search criterion, from among the plurality of categories; a list sorting unit which sorts a list of the plurality of pieces of digital data on the basis of item values of the at least one search category; a list display unit which displays the list of digital data; a selection input unit which receives a selected one piece of digital data selected by a user, from among the list of digital data. Accordingly, the user can easily and quickly search for his or her desired data.

Abstract: A divided Media Access Control (MAC) protocol structure, a data transmission and reception method, and a handover method and system using the structure in a wireless communication system for efficiently managing session information in handover of an MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station). In the MAC protocol structure, a MAC is divided into a MAC-high layer and a MAC-low layer. The MAC-high layer performs session information-related functions and the MAC-low layer performs functions sensitive to a time delay in relation to handover of an MSS. In the handover method, when an MSS in the wireless communication system performs handover between Access Points (APs), session information is managed at a fixed position by an Access Point Controller (APC) including an MAC-high layer or a serving AP. Therefore, the system load can be reduced and communication quality can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing substrate-molecular sieve layer complex by vising ultra-sound and apparatuses used therein, more particularly to a method for preparing substrate-molecular sieve layer complex by combining substrate, coupling compound and molecular sieve particle, wherein covalent, ionic, coordinate or hydrogen bond between a substrate and a coupling compound; molecular sieve particle and coupling compound; coupling compounds; coupling compound and intermediate coupling compound is induced by using 15 KHz-100 MHz of ultrasound instead of simple reflux to combine substrate and molecular sieve particles by various processes, further to reduce time and energy, to retain high binding velocity, binding strength, binding intensity and density remarkably, to attach molecular sieve particle uniformly onto all substrates combined with coupling compound selectively, even though substrate with coupling compound and substrate without coupling compound exist together; and apparatuses

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for performing a drilling operation for an oil field, the oil field having a subterranean formation with geological structures and reservoirs therein. The method involves creating a finite-difference model to simulate behavior of a drilling assembly used to drill a wellbore in the drilling operation, performing a simulation of the drilling operation using the finite-difference model, analyzing a result of the simulation, and selectively modifying the drilling operation based on the analysis.

Abstract: Method and system by which a base station without a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver acquires time synchronization in a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) communication system. The method includes scanning neighbor base stations around a first base station and requesting time synchronization information from the scanned neighbor base stations by the first base station; receiving responses from predetermined neighbor base stations having already acquired time synchronization from among the neighbor base stations, the responses including time synchronization information of the predetermined neighbor base stations; and selecting a second base station from among the predetermined neighbor base stations and acquiring time synchronization based on the time synchronization information of the second base station.

Abstract: A phase change memory device for preventing thermal cross-talk includes lower electrodes respectively formed in a plurality of phase change cell regions of a semiconductor substrate. A first insulation layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate including the lower electrodes having holes for exposing the respective lower electrodes. Heaters are formed on the surfaces of the respective holes to contact the lower electrodes. A second insulation layer is formed to fill the holes in which the heaters are formed. A mask pattern is then formed on the first and second insulation layers, including the heaters, to have openings that expose portions of the respective heaters having a constant pitch. A phase change layer is formed on the mask pattern including the exposed portions of the heaters and the first and second insulation layers and subsequently, upper electrodes are formed on the phase change layer.

Abstract: A method of managing the session information of an AT in a CDMA2000 1xEV-DO system. In the 1xEV-DO system, a service system, having an SC/MM, is connected to a PDSN, a plurality of ANs are connected to the service system, and a plurality of ATs are capable of wireless communication with the ANs. In the session information managing method, an AN transmits to the SC/MM a session retrieve request message, upon receipt of a connection request message from the AT. The SC/MM then searches for session information of the AT and transmits to the AN a session retrieve response message including the session information. Upon receipt of the session retrieve response message, the AN transmits a connection response message to the AT.

Abstract: In a method of configuring connection identifier (CID) update information in a broadband wireless access (BWA) communication system where each service between an mobile station (MS) and a base station (BS) has a unique CID, a registration request message is received from the MS, requesting updating of at least one old CID used for the MS. The CID update information is configured to include a bitmap area indicating whether a service corresponding to the at least one old CID is available, and a new CID area including at least one new CID in correspondence with a predetermined bit value in the bitmap area.

Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins and protein compositions that are components of a desaturase complex are provided. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis desaturase complex may include a desaturase and an oxidoreductase. The complex may include the rv3229c and rv3230c gene products of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vectors for expressing the desaturase and the oxidoreductase can be packaged together, including a label that indicates their use as a complex for analyzing desaturation of fatty acids. In addition, methods for screening target ligands specific for a desaturase complex are also provided.

Abstract: In a method of configuring connection identifier (CID) update information in a broadband wireless access (BWA) communication system where each service between an mobile station (MS) and a base station (BS) has a unique CID, a registration request message is received from the MS, requesting updating of at least one old CID used for the MS. The CID update information is configured to include a bitmap area indicating whether a service corresponding to the at least one old CID is available, and a new CID area including at least one new CID in correspondence with a predetermined bit value in the bitmap area.

Abstract: Disclosed are a phase-change memory device and its manufacturing method, which can reduce a contact area between a bottom electrode and a phase-change layer, thereby reducing the quantity of current necessary for phase change. The phase-change memory device comprises: a bottom electrode formed on a contact plug; a phase-change layer formed on the bottom electrode and having a shape of a character ‘?’; and a top electrode formed on the phase-change layer.

Abstract: Expression system for components of a desaturase complex is provided. The system includes expression of a desaturase and an oxidoreductase. The system may be used for expression of mycobacterial desaturases or for expression of mammalian desaturases. The system may further include cell-free expression of other components of the desaturase complex. The expression system may include expression of stearoyl-CoA. The expression system may further include expression of cytochrome b5. The expression system may also include expression of cytochrome b5 reductase. The expression system may also include expression of Rv3230c. In addition, methods for assaying the activity of a stearoyl-CoA desaturase in vitro are provided.

Abstract: A handoff method between a source network to which a terminal is connected in order of a Base Station (BS) and an Access Service Network (ASN), and a target network to which the terminal is connected in order of a Packet Data Service Node (PDSN), a Packet Control Function (PCF) and an Access Network (AN). The terminal sends a handoff request message with AN information of the target network to the ASN via the BS. The ASN forwards the handoff request message to the PCF via the PDSN using the AN information. Upon receipt of the handoff request message, the PCF sends a request for session information to the ASN via the PDSN. The PDSN sends a request for context information to the ASN. Upon receipt of the session information request and the context information request, the ASN transfers the context information to the PDSN and transfers the session information to the AN via the PDSN and the PCF.

Abstract: A phase change memory device includes a semiconductor substrate having active regions and an isolation structure; gate lines extending in a direction perpendicular to the active regions; a source region and a drain region formed in a surface of each active region; a dot type lower electrode including a first contact plug formed in the drain region; second contact plugs formed in the source region and the isolation structure forming a line parallel to the gate line; a lower electrode contact formed on the lower electrode; a phase change layer and an upper electrode formed on the lower electrode contact; an upper electrode contact formed on the upper electrode; contacts for ground lines, formed between the active regions to come into contact with the second contact plugs; a bit line formed in the active region; and ground lines formed between the active regions.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for scheduling users in a mobile communication system are provided, in which a Base Station (BS) calculates scheduling utility values of each Mobile Station (MS) for a plurality of cases of interference from neighbor BSs, forms a candidate MS list by selecting a predetermined number of MSs in a descending order of utility value for each of the cases of interference from the neighbor BSs, transmits the candidate MS list to the neighbor BSs, receives candidate MS lists from the neighbor BSs, calculates the channel transmission rates of candidate MSs included in the candidate MS lists, and selects an MS to be serviced according to the channel transmission rates.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing Multicast and Broadcast Service (MBS) in a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) system are provided. The BWA system configures one or more areas of Access Control Routers (ACRs) as one Multicast and Broadcast Service (MBS) zone. A master MBS controller (MBSC) for synchronizing the MBS zone includes a divider for dividing MBS data received from a content server into a plurality of segments according to burst allocation information, a header generator for generating headers, each of which include information on an absolute broadcast time, for the segments provided from the divider and for generating MBS sub-packets by appending the generated headers and a transmitter for transmitting the MBS sub-packets generated by the header generator to one or more slave MBSCs included in the same MBS zone.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for performing channel assignment in a base station for a mobile communication system. Upon receipt of a request for assigning a channel to a mobile station, a base station transceiver system (BTS) generates a connect message including channel information, which indicates a Walsh code, out of 256 Walsh codes, to be used for a channel to be assigned to the mobile station, and a quasi-orthogonal function (QOF) index. The BTS transmits the generated connect message to a base station controller (BSC). The BSC generates a connect ACK message for acknowledging the channel assignment-related information included in the connect message and transmits the generated connect ACK message to the BTS. Upon receipt of the connect ACK message, in the BTS assigns the channel that was acknowledged by the BSC to the mobile station.