Abstract: A contact pad is disclosed including a first electrode pattern with an open portion inside, an insulation layer formed on the first electrode pattern and having a contact via portion formed therein, and a second electrode pattern formed on the insulation layer and electrically connected to the first electrode pattern through the contact via portion. The second electrode pattern comprises single electrode patterns spaced apart from one another. A thin film transistor substrate and a liquid crystal display panel having the contact pad are also disclosed.

Abstract: An image fixing control system and method are provided comprising a power supply, a power switching unit, a heating roller, in which a temperature detector detects a temperature of the heating roller, and a controller detects a temperature variation slope of the heating roller using the temperature detected by the temperature detector and controls an on and off switching operation of the power switching unit according to the detected temperature variation slope. Accordingly, by varying a duty ratio of power through a phase control using a temperature variation slope of a heating roller, a fine control of a fixing system can be performed. In addition, since a temperature variation, that is, overshoot or undershoot, of the heating roller is reduced, a fixing efficiency can be increased.

Abstract: Provided are an image brightness controlling apparatus and method, and an adaptive brightness controlling apparatus and method based on the brightness degree and/or brightness range of an image. The image brightness controlling apparatus includes a brightness increment arithmetic unit for outputting a brightness increment for a pixel, and an individual component brightness increment arithmetic unit for outputting the brightness increments of individual components constituting the pixel in response to the brightness increment for a pixel. The individual component brightness increment arithmetic unit multiplies the brightness increment of the pixel by each of the unit vectors of the components constituting the pixel to obtain the brightness increments of the individual components. The image brightness controlling apparatus further includes an adder for adding the components constituting the pixel to the brightness increments of the components.

Abstract: An image tuning system and method using a stored image signal, in which the image tuning system includes an image processing device and an external device. The image processing device outputs a third image signal by processing a first or second image signal according to a tuning parameter. The external device calculates the tuning parameter based on the third image signal. The image processing device receives the second image from the external device in a tuning mode and processes the second image. The image tuning system and the image tuning method using the stored raw image signal can prevent wasting time and extra efforts are not required for setting the tuning parameter adaptive to various weather conditions by repeatedly setting the tuning parameter with respect to a picture image.

Abstract: A power control method and apparatus to control a heating roller, the power control method including gradually increasing a maximum level of a source power supplied from an external source up to a specific maximum supply level, and supplying the source power to the heating resistor as the roller power, measuring a surface temperature of the heating roller, and supplying the source power having a maximum level equal to the maximum supply level to the heating resistor as the roller power until the measured surface temperature reaches a specific fixing target temperature, supplying the source power having an upper limit of the maximum level equal to a specific fixing property improving level to the heating resistor as the roller power until a printing medium is first fed, and fixing a toner image of print data onto the fed printing medium by using the heating roller.

Abstract: A power control method and apparatus to heat a heating roller. The power control method includes heating a heating roller provided to fix a toner image of print data in an image forming apparatus, the heating roller having a heating resistor to receive roller power, the power control method includes gradually increasing a maximum level of a source power supplied from an external source up to a specific maximum supply level, and supplying the maximum source power to the heating resistor as the roller power while gradually increasing the maximum level of the source power up to a specific maximum supply level, measuring a surface temperature of the heating roller, and further supplying the source power of which maximum level is equal to the maximum supply level to the heating resistor as the roller power until the measured surface temperature reaches a specific fixing target temperature, and fixing the toner image onto a fed printing medium.

Abstract: A refrigerator for supercooling beverage into supercooled liquid and a method of producing the supercooled liquid using the same. The refrigerator includes a mixing room provided in a main body to mix chilled air from a freezer compartment and a refrigerator compartment with each other and having a first suction port for suctioning the freezer compartment chilled air and a second suction port for suction the refrigerator compartment chilled air, and a supercooling compartment provided in the main body to be directly or indirectly refrigerated by the chilled air mixed in the mixing room. The mixing room and the supercooling compartment may be provided either in the refrigerator compartment or in the freezer compartment, or in an independent refrigerator compartment to form an independent refrigerating room separated from the freezer compartment.

Abstract: A refrigerator which can control a supercooling degree corresponding to user's taste or kinds of food, and a cooling control method thereof are disclosed. The refrigerator has a function of supercooling a drink, and includes an input unit to select a slush level for adjusting a supercooling degree of the drink in response to a user's command, a memory unit to store information about a supercooling temperature of the drink corresponding to a selected slush level, and a controller to adjust the supercooling degree of the drink by controlling a temperature within the supercooling compartment based on the information about the supercooling temperature of the drink stored in the memory unit.

Abstract: A refrigerator that allows a user to receive supercooled beverage through a dispenser in the refrigerator door. The refrigerator includes a main body having a compartment and a door opening and closing the compartment, a supercooling compartment in the main body to supercool a beverage, and a dispenser in the door to dispense supercooled liquid from the supercooling compartment without opening the door. A supercooled liquid tank is detachably installed in the supercooling compartment to supercool beverage. The supercooling compartment is installed in the rear side of the door such that a supercooling compartment door may be installed in the front side of the door to open and close the supercooling compartment in front of the door.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus having an electrode pad including first and second electrode parts for connecting an electrode driving unit to the electrodes of the plasma display panel. The first electrode part includes a first electrode connection part and a first connector connection part connected by a first intermediate connection part, where the width of the first intermediate connection part is smaller than the width of the first electrode connection part and the width of the first connector connection part is greater than the first intermediate connection part. The second electrode part has a structure similar to the first electrode part, except the length of the first intermediate connection part is different from the length of the second intermediate connection part.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a thick GaN layer includes forming a porous GaN layer having a thickness of 10-1000 nm by etching a GaN substrate in a reaction chamber in an HCl and NH3 gas atmosphere and forming an in-situ GaN growth layer in the reaction chamber. The method of forming the porous GaN layer and the thick GaN layer in-situ proceeds in a single chamber. The method is very simplified compared to the prior art. In this way, the entire process is performed in one chamber, and in particular, GaN etching and growth are performed using an HVPE process gas such that costs are greatly reduced.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a freestanding gallium nitride (GaN) substrate includes: preparing a GaN substrate within a reactor; supplying HCl and NH3 gases into the reactor to treat the surface of the GaN substrate and forming a porous GaN layer; forming a GaN crystal growth layer on the porous GaN layer; and cooling the GaN substrate on which the GaN crystal growth layer has been formed and separating the GaN crystal growth layer from the substrate. According to the fabrication method, the entire process including forming a porous GaN layer and a thick GaN layer is performed in-situ within a single reactor. The method is significantly simplified compared to a conventional fabrication method. The fabrication method enables the entire process to be performed in one chamber while allowing GaN surface treatment and growth to be performed using HVPE process gases, thus resulting in a significant reduction in manufacturing costs.

Abstract: Provided are a telematics transport gateway and an operating method thereof. The telematics transport gateway, includes: a message transporting/receiving unit for receiving service request messages, transmitting the service request messages to a service providing server, receiving a service response message and transporting the service response message to the telematics terminal; a message processing unit for analyzing whether a format of the service request messages is Short Message Service (SMS), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), or Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP); a controlling unit for extracting user information from the service request message, transmitting the user information to an authentication managing unit and a charging unit, and maintaining a session with the telematics terminal; the authentication managing unit for performing authentication and transporting an authentication result to the controlling unit; and the charging unit for charging for the service.

Abstract: An e-mail printer having an authentication procedure includes an e-mail receiving unit that includes a storage device to store e-mail which is received in a predetermined memory area allocated to each user and an authentication device to authenticate the user so that the user accesses the storage device.

Abstract: A method of reproducing an audio file includes: applying a reproducing mode established based on an attribute information; obtaining at least a part of the audio file under the established reproducing mode; and determining whether the audio file is reproducible under the established reproducing mode by checking whether the part of the audio file constructs a specific format stream corresponding to the applied reproducing mode.

Abstract: A method of reproducing an audio file includes: determining whether the audio file is reproducible by checking whether a part of the audio file constructs a specific format stream corresponding to a predetermined audio type; and controlling for selectively reproducing only audio files reproducible based on a result of the determining step.

Abstract: A method of reproducing an audio file includes: reading an extension information of the audio file, the extension information of the audio file being separated but associated with audio data of the audio file; establishing a reproducing mode for reproducing the audio file based on the extension information; obtaining at least a part of the audio file under the established reproducing mode; and determining whether the audio file is reproducible under the established reproducing mode by checking whether the part of the audio file constructs a specific format stream corresponding to the established reproducing mode.

Abstract: A method of reproducing an audio file includes: identifying a type of audio data in the audio file based on an extension information of the audio file separated from but associated with the audio data of the audio file; and determining whether the audio file is reproducible by checking whether a part of the audio file constructs a specific format stream corresponding to the identified audio type.

Abstract: An optical pickup and an optical recording and/or reproducing apparatus include a light source which emits light having a first wavelength, an objective lens that focuses incident light on an information storage medium and is optimized for a first information storage medium of a predetermined standard, a polarization changer which changes the light with the first wavelength incident from the light source into light beams with first and second polarizations that are orthogonal to each other, a polarization hologram element which has a varying refractive power according to the polarization of the light with the first wavelength that passes through the polarization changer, a photodetector which receives light after the light has been emitted from the light source, focused on the information storage medium by the objective lens, and reflected by the information storage medium, and an optical path changer which guides the light reflected by the information storage medium toward the photodetector, wherein the opti

Abstract: An actuator assembly usable un a hard disk drive includes an actuator arm having an arm hole to improve dynamic characteristics. The actuator arm of the actuator assembly has an arm hole having first, second, and third extended portions, and two members positioned at both sides of the arm hole. The first extended portion is formed at an edge positioned at a leading end of the arm hole so that each of leading ends of the two members has a first reduced width, the second extended portions are formed at edges positioned at a rear end of the arm hole so that each of rear ends of the two members has a second reduced width, and the third extended portions are formed at both sides of a middle portion of the arm hole so that each of middle portions of the two members has a third reduced width.