Abstract: Provided is a nonvolatile memory using a resistance material. In embodiments of the invention, a PRAM is configured to apply a step-down voltage to wordlines during a standby mode. Aspects of the present invention thus provide a nonvolatile memory with reduced standby current. Additionally, embodiments of the invention allow for faster transition from a standby state to an active state.

Abstract: Provided are a nonvolatile memory device having multi bit storage and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: Transmitters supporting multiple modulation modes and/or multiple frequency bands are described. A transmitter may perform large signal polar modulation, small signal polar modulation, and/or quadrature modulation, which may support different modulation schemes and systems. Circuit blocks may be shared by the different modulation modes to reduce cost and power. For example, a single modulator and a single power amplifier may be used for small signal polar modulation and quadrature modulation. The transmitter may apply pre-distortion to improve performance, to allow a power amplifier to support multiple frequency bands, to allow the power amplifier to operate at higher output power levels, etc. Envelope and phase distortions due to non-linearity of the power amplifier may be characterized for different input levels and different bands and stored at the transmitter.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a multi display apparatus. The display apparatus includes a display module having an opening through which an image is displayed and a non-display area to form around the opening, and a rear cover directly coupled to a side surface of the display module. The multi display apparatus includes the plurality of display apparatuses which are coupled with each other.

Abstract: A phase change memory device is disclosed. It includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells programmed in relation to a phase change material, and a write driver circuit configured to provide a set current and a reset current to a selected memory cell. The write driver circuit includes a set current driver configured to provide the set current and a reset current driver configured to provide the reset current.

Abstract: Provided are a phase-change memory device and method that maintains a resistance of a phase-change material in a set state within a constant resistance range. In the method, data is provided to a first phase-change memory cell and then it is first determined whether data stored in the first phase-change memory cell and the data provided to the first phase-change memory cell are identical. If the data stored in the first phase-change memory cell and the data provided to the first phase-change memory cell are not identical, a complementary write current is provided to the first phase-change memory cell and it is second determined whether the data stored in the first phase-change memory cell and the data provided to the first phase-change memory cell are identical. If the data stored in the first phase-change memory cell and the data provided to the first phase-change memory cell are identical, data is provided to a second phase-change memory cell.

Abstract: A temperature sensor instruction signal generator, which may drive a temperature sensor, and a semiconductor memory device including the same. The temperature sensor instruction signal generator may generate an instruction signal that instruct the operation of the temperature sensor using at least one of a master clock (CLK) signal, a clock enable (CKE) signal, a row address selection (RAS) signal, a column address selection (CAS) signal, a write enable (WE) signal, and a chip selection (CS) signal, wherein the instruction signal may be enabled corresponding to at least one of a self refresh mode, an auto refresh mode, and a long tRAS mode. The semiconductor memory device may include a temperature sensor and the temperature sensor instruction signal generator.

Abstract: A power module flip chip package is provided. The power module flip chip package includes a package carrier having a front surface and a back surface facing the front surface, and a power semiconductor device electrically connected to the front surface of the package carrier via conductive bumps. The conductive bumps are electrically connected to a gate terminal, a source terminal, and a drain terminal of the power semiconductor device. The power module flip chip package has reduced resistance and inductance and improved reliability.

Abstract: A bag type presentation apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a bag-shaped case body having an upper case and a lower case, a curved reflective screen having a focus, and a small projector. The reflective screen is mounted at an inner surface of the upper case and has a reflectance of 4 to 50%. The reflective screen is a curved or spherical reflective screen or a fresnel reflective screen, to straightly reflect a light projected from the small projector located at the focal position thereof, thereby preventing a hot spot and realizing a high screen brightness of 4 to 50 times that of a conventional screen. The projector uses a LED as a light source and has a weight and volume of a fourth that of a conventional projector. The projector is positioned at a focal position of the reflective screen based on the curvature of the reflective screen when in use, and is received in the bag-shaped body case when being carried.

Abstract: A broadcast program purchase method and apparatus for a broadcast-enabled mobile device are provided for efficiently managing purchased tokens by using a smartcard. In the broadcast program purchase method one or more tokens are acquired for use in purchasing a pay broadcast program and the one or more tokens are stored in a smartcard coupled to the mobile device. The broadcast program purchase apparatus includes a radio communication unit for transmitting a token acquisition request message and a program purchase request message to a billing server and for receiving one or more tokens from the billing server, a smartcard unit for storing the one or more tokens received from the billing server, and a control unit for controlling transmission of the program purchase request message using at least one of the one or more tokens through the radio communication unit.

Abstract: A method of reading data in a non-volatile memory device includes applying a bit line read voltage to a bit line and a selected cell read voltage to a word line, both of which are electrically connected to a selected cell located in a selected string. A first read voltage is applied to word lines electrically connected to first non-selected cells separated from the selected cell in the selected string, and a second read voltage is applied to word lines electrically connected to second non-selected cells adjacent to the selected cell in the selected string. The second read voltage is lower than the first read voltage. A pass voltage is applied to turn on a string select transistor and a ground select transistor, respectively, in the selected string. An electrical signal output from the selected string is compared with a standard signal to read data stored in the selected cell.

Abstract: Disclosed are concatameric proteins comprising two soluble domains, in which the C-terminus of a soluble domain of a biologically active protein is linked to the N-terminus of an identical soluble domain or a distinct soluble domain of a biologically active protein. Also, the present invention discloses dimeric proteins formed by formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds at the hinge region of two monomeric proteins formed by linkage of a concatamer of two identical soluble extracellular regions of proteins involving immune response to an Fc fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule, their glycosylated proteins, DNA constructs encoding the monomeric proteins, recombinant expression plasmids containing the DNA construct, host cells transformed or transfected with the recombinant expression plasmids, and a method of preparing the dimeric proteins by culturing the host cells. Further, the present invention discloses pharmaceutical or diagnostic compositions comprising the dimeric protein or its glycosylated form.

Abstract: In methods of manufacturing a memory device, a tunnel insulation layer is formed on a substrate. A floating gate having a substantially uniform thickness is formed on the tunnel insulation layer. A dielectric layer is formed on the floating gate. A control gate is formed on the dielectric layer. A flash memory device including the floating gate may have more uniform operating characteristics.

Abstract: A signal detection apparatus and method in a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless communication system are provided. The apparatus includes a receiver for receiving training symbol vectors and a data signal vector from a transmitting end through a plurality of receive (Rx) antennas and a detector for expanding the training symbol vectors into second- or higher-order polynomials, for generating a weighting parameter vector for multivariate polynomial expansion of the data signal vector by using the polynomials expanded from the training symbol vectors and thereafter for expanding the data signal vector into a second- or higher-order multivariate polynomial using the weighting parameter vector, and for detecting Transmit (Tx) values of the data signal vector from the multivariate polynomial. Therefore, signal detection performance in a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless communication system resembles that of a non-linear scheme while complexity resembles that of a linear scheme.

Abstract: The MAC frame in a wireless communication system includes a terminal ID allocated to each of multiple terminals. At least one connection ID is allocated to each terminal having the terminal ID, and sub-carrier allocation information is allocated to each connection having the connection ID. The sub-carrier allocation information includes a sub-carrier allocation status for each sub-carrier, and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier. The sub-carrier allocation status and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier can be allocated, by sub-carriers, to the sub-carrier allocation information using a same number of bits; or the information on the sub-carrier allocation status is first allocated to the sub-carrier allocation information and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier is allocated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a herb composition for asthma maintenance therapy based on Chungsangboha-tang, which is known to be effective in asthma, capable of reducing the long-term suffering of asthma patients and improving their quality of lives and a manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device and a method of forming the same are provided. The non-volatile memory device may include a cell isolation pattern and a semiconductor pattern sequentially stacked on a predetermined or given region of a semiconductor substrate, a cell gate line on the semiconductor pattern and on a top surface of the semiconductor substrate on one side of the cell isolation pattern, a multi-layered trap insulation layer between the cell gate line and the semiconductor substrate, and the cell gate line and the semiconductor pattern, a first impurity diffusion layer in the semiconductor substrate on both sides of the cell gate line and a second impurity diffusion layer in the semiconductor pattern on both sides of the cell gate line.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. A frame is fixed and supported at the rear of a front panel forming the front portion of the display apparatus, and a separate bracket member is not mounted on the edges of the front panel. Thus, the front exterior of the display apparatus is neatly finished, and the display screen looks bigger than it actually is.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a vertically tapered structure. The method includes placing a spacer layer at a predetermined area on a wafer, placing a mask layer at a predetermined area on the spacer layer, and over-etching the spacer layer, by etching a certain area below the mask layer, fabricating a cantilever type shadow mask having the spacer layer and the mask layer. Thus, it is possible to fabricate the vertically tapered structure of several tens of microns. The vertically tapered structure can be used as the optical waveguide in the optical device to minimize junction loss that may occur between the optical waveguide and the optical fiber.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. A frame is fixed and supported at the rear of a front panel forming the front portion of the display apparatus, and a separate bracket member is not mounted on the edges of the front panel. Thus, the front exterior of the display apparatus is neatly finished, and the display screen looks bigger than it actually is.