Abstract: A method and apparatus for updating a regional reference time of a mobile communication terminal by a regional standard time difference according to a Network Identity and Time Zone (NITZ) information change in an asynchronous transfer mode-based mobile communication system are provided. The method of updating a regional reference time of a mobile communication terminal includes determining whether new regional standard time information is received and calculating, if a regional standard time information is changed, a regional standard time difference, which may have a positive or negative value; and resetting the regional reference time by adding the regional standard time difference to a preset regional reference time.

Abstract: A visual advertising apparatus for a gateway is disclosed. The apparatus includes a screen which includes a reflecting surface having a reflectance of 5% to 40% and reflecting lines formed on the reflecting surface in either a vertical or horizontal direction, the reflecting lines having a reflectance of 0.5% to 20%, and a projector for projecting light to the screen. Accordingly, the brightness of the screen is increased by five to forty times, viewers can see the clear image while moving around within the extended vertical and horizontal viewing angles of 30° to 4.5°, and the weight of the screen and the projector can be reduced, which makes it possible to install the large screen.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a non-volatile memory device, a conductive structure is formed on a substrate. The conductive structure includes a tunnel oxide pattern, a first conductive pattern, a pad oxide pattern and a hard mask pattern. A trench is formed on the substrate using the conductive structure as an etching mask. An inner oxide layer is formed on an inner wall of the trench and sidewalls of the tunnel oxide pattern and the first conductive pattern. The inner oxide layer is cured, thereby forming a silicon nitride layer on the inner oxide layer. A device isolation pattern is formed in the trench, and the hard mask pattern and the pad oxide pattern are removed from the substrate. A dielectric layer and a second conductive pattern are formed on the substrate. Accordingly, the silicon nitride layer prevents-hydrogen (H) atoms from leaking into the device isolation pattern.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of water-soluble chitosan with high purity and biological activity includes steps of: reacting chitosan oligo sugar acid salt, covalently bonded to an organic or inorganic acid, with trialkylamine in phosphate buffered saline followed by addition of an organic solvent to remove acid salt at C-2 position; adding the thus obtained reaction mixture to an inorganic acid to remove trialkylamine salt at C-6 position; and passing the thus obtained free amine chitosan through an activated carbon/ion exchange resin. The free amine chitosan is water-soluble and has a high bioavailability for application to the medicine and food industries.

Abstract: In a flash memory device, which can maintain an enhanced electric field between a control gate and a storage node (floating gate) and has a reduced cell size, and a method of manufacturing the flash memory device, the flash memory device includes a semiconductor substrate having a pair of drain regions and a source region formed between the pair of drain regions, a pair of spacer-shaped control gates each formed on the semiconductor substrate between the source region and each of the drain regions, and a storage node formed in a region between the control gate and the semiconductor substrate. A bottom surface of each of the control gates includes a first region that overlaps with the semiconductor substrate and a second region that overlaps with the storage node. The pair of spacer-shaped control gates are substantially symmetrical with each other about the source region.

Abstract: A multichip module package uses bond wire with plastic resin on one side of a lead frame to package an integrated circuit and flip chip techniques to attach one or more mosfets to the other side of the lead frame. The assembled multichip module 30 has an integrated circuit controller 14 on a central die pad. Wire bonds 16 extend from contact areas on the integrated circuit to outer leads 2.6 of the lead frame 10. On the opposite, lower side of the central die pad, the sources and gates of the mosfets 24, 26 are bump or stud attached to the half etched regions of the lead frame. The drains 36 of the mosfets and the ball contacts 22.1 on the outer leads are soldered to a printed circuit board.

Abstract: A hair brush for preventing hair loss is provided. The hair brush of the current invention is comprised of a main body, a bristle body and a spike body. The main body of the brush is made of ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) polymer. The bristle body and the spike shape body are made of mixtures of anion emitting material, magnets and plastics such as silicon and polyurethane. Strength of the magnetic field generated from the bristle body and spike body is controlled to be 5 to 50 Gauss by controlling composition of carbon steel and strength of the magnetizer. Emitting anion concentration is controlled to be 400 to 700 each/cm3 by adjusting composition of anion emitting materials. Combing 10 cm2 area of scalp one minute a day for 30 days, number of hair loss a day decreased from over 100 each to less than 20 each.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for sharing reliable information or knowledge with regard to a question using an on-line human network. The on-line human network-based knowledge sharing method is to share knowledge based on an acquaintance information database. The database stores the IDs of a plurality of users, and the correspondence relationships of the user IDs, which represent acquaintanceships between the users on the on-line human network. The method includes allowing a first user to write a question message in a form that can be forwarded through the network, generating a question ID for identifying the question message and storing the generated question ID, causing the ID of the first user to correspond to the question ID, allowing a second user who is acquainted with the first user to receive the message, and causing the ID of the second user to correspond to the question ID.

Abstract: A semiconductor device such as a flash memory device having a self-aligned floating gate and a method of fabricating the same is provided. An embodiment of the device includes an isolation layer defining a fin body is formed in a semiconductor substrate. The fin body has a portion protruding above the isolation layer. A sacrificial pattern is formed on the isolation layer. The sacrificial pattern has an opening self-aligned with the protruding portion of the fin body. The protruding fin body is exposed in the opening. An insulated floating gate pattern is formed to fill the opening. The sacrificial pattern is then removed. An inter-gate dielectric layer covering the floating gate pattern is formed. A control gate conductive layer is formed over the inter-gate dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method of controlling On-Die Termination (ODT) resistors of memory devices sharing signal lines is provided. The ODT controlling method comprises setting an ODT control enable signal of each of the memory devices and address/command or data termination information to a mode register of the corresponding memory device, and controlling resistances of ODT resistors of the signal lines in the memory devices in response to the address/command or data termination information and termination addresses. When only one of the memory devices is activated, ODT resistors of the activated memory device are set to a first resistance. When all the memory devices are activated, ODT resistors of the memory devices are set to a second resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a double-sided image film screen including a plastic material having a high optical transmission property and a light-refracting material, made of silica, having an optical transmission property and a refractivity of 1.4˜2.5, wherein a content and a particle size of the light-refracting material and a thickness of the film screen are designated such that an image incident on the film screen by means of light projected from a projector is dividedly displayed on front and rear surfaces of the film screen, thereby displaying the image formed thereon though the front and rear surfaces thereof, increasing the visibility of the image and eliminating a hot spot generated by a projection light source of the projector. Compared to conventional screens, the double-sided image film screen is advantageous in that it displays the image through the front and rear surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A memory device includes a temperature sensor configured to generate a temperature detection signal responsive to a temperature of the memory device and a self-refresh control circuit configured to control a refresh of the memory device responsive to the temperature detection signal. The device further includes a temperature-detection-error sensing circuit configured to assert a temperature-detection-error signal responsive to an error in the temperature detection signal. The temperature-detection-error sensing circuit may be configured to provide the asserted temperature-detection-error signal at a temperature-detection-error sensing pad configured to be coupled to an external device and/or the device may further include a temperature sensor control circuit configured to control the temperature detection signal responsive to the temperature-detection-error signal. Related operating and testing methods may be provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a table type large-size imaging apparatus in which an imaging screen and a reflector are installed parallel to each other in front and rear end positions of a table type case with an inclination angle, to allow a viewer to watch an image formed on the screen through a transparent window provided at a top of the table type case. The viewer's watching distance and the image projection distance are overlapped within the table type case, to achieve a maximum screen size with a minimum table size. With this configuration, a viewer who is located close to the imaging apparatus in the form of a table is able to appreciate the vivid large-size image with a downward viewing angle.

Abstract: A writing board device having a high-definition image display function is disclosed. The writing board device includes a main body, a screen device which has a glass panel provided at an upper front portion of the main body and an image forming part provided at a rear surface of the glass panel, the image forming part being formed in a thin film shape, a projector which is provided at a bottom of the main body, and a screen illumination device which is provided at rear of the screen device, the screen illumination device having a projection lens, a color filter and a lamp. Accordingly, the writing board device allows a user to write letters freely on the screen device while displaying the image with a higher definition by two times or more as compared with a conventional device. When the image display is not needed, the writing board device serves as a writing board capable of showing the written letters with a higher definition by two times or more as compared with a conventional device.

Abstract: Disclosed is an algorithm for dynamically changing an RTS threshold, which is a threshold for RTS-CTS frame exchange, depending on the traffic load in the BSS so as to maximize the MAC throughput of an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN system. The present invention defines a new performance index based on the total time taken to transmit a frame and the time taken to successfully transmit a data frame. The RTS threshold is dynamically increased/decreased in a predefined range depending on the change in the new performance index.

Abstract: Provided are a phase-change memory device and method that maintains a resistance of a phase-change material in a set state within a constant resistance range; In the method, data is provided to a first phase-change memory cell and then it is first determined whether data stored in the first phase-change memory cell and the data provided to the first phase-change memory cell are identical.

Abstract: Disclosed is a brand-shaped image-display advertising apparatus having the shape of a selected brand. The advertising apparatus includes a brand-shaped board that is made of an opaque metal material containing pigments or a transparent plastic or glass material containing dyes, and an optical source device provided at a rear side of the brand-shaped board, the optical source device including an imaging screen using a PDP, LCD, or LED, and a projector. If the projector projects an image on the imaging screen, the brand-shaped board displays the shape of the brand and the image simultaneously. Conversely, when no image is projected, the brand-shaped board displays the colors of the dyes. Accordingly, the brand-shaped image-display advertising apparatus serve to display moving images and also, serve as a brand billboard.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a projection screen. The screen includes a soft thin elastic transmission sheet having an elongation rate of 50% or more and high transmissivity, the elastic transmission sheet constituting a front surface of the screen, and a thin image sheet for focusing an image projected from a projector, the image sheet constituting a rear surface of the screen. The image sheet may serve as a transmission sheet or a reflection sheet. The image sheet may be directly formed at the screen, or the image sheet may be a hard film attached to the rear of the elastic transmission sheet. A vibration plate is disposed at the outside of the image sheet. Consequently, incident image is transmitted or reflected without any interference with external light, and therefore, it is possible to increase the brightness of the screen by two to five times as compared to a conventional screen.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a mode register, an additional function executer, and an additional function controller. The mode register activates an additional function control signal when a mode register set code indicates that an additional function is to be executed concurrently with a refresh operation. The additional function controller controls the additional function executer to carry out the additional function concurrently with the refresh operation when the additional function control signal is activated.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for inspecting a wafer surface, a wafer is loaded into a chamber. An incident light including a first light for sensing a vertical position of the wafer and a second light for inspecting the wafer surface is irradiated onto the wafer. The first light is reflected on an inspection region or a next inspection region of the wafer and is detected to control a wafer position. The second light is scattered on the inspection region and is detected to inspect the wafer surface of the inspection region. Position information of a wafer is examined and a position of the wafer is adjusted before inspecting a surface of inspection region of a wafer so as to enable accurate inspection of the wafer surface.