Abstract: A multi-direction image viewing system includes a triangular or rectangular image case, and plural projectors symmetrically installed to the inner sides of the image case in three or four directions. Projecting light paths cross each other so that the size of the image case is reduced to 1/6.7 to ? of the size of the conventional image case. By reducing the weight of the image case through size reduction, the multi-direction image viewing system can serve as a mobile multi-direction image viewing system coupled with a trailer and transported by a small sized vehicle such as a motorcycle, as a wide viewing angle multi-direction image system attached to a wall and coupled with the safety fence of the bus terminal or the subway station, and as an image viewing system mounted to a ceiling or wall.

Abstract: A portable screen device having a dual shaft structure is disclosed. A left and a right rotation shafts are installed to an upper rod and the center of a lower frame of a screen in the horizontal direction and are connected to a left and a right supports. The rotation shafts are engaged with each other by a single adjusting device. When the screen moved up, the elasticity of the screen is held by left and right elastic wheels such that height of the screen is maintained. A magnet and a magnetic substance contact each other and are separated from each other at the central portions of the left and right supports. Due to rotation of a rotation rod installed in the intermediate portion of the supports, the screen moves up and down. Therefore, volume and weight of the portable screen device are reduced and the stability is increased.

Abstract: A method for classifying defects of an object includes irradiating lights having different polarizations onto the object to create an inspection spot on the object, collecting scattered lights generated by the irradiated lights scattering from the inspection spot, and classifying defects of the object by type of defect by analyzing the scattered lights. An apparatus for classifying defects of an object includes light creating means emitting lights having different polarizations to create an inspection spot on the object, and a detecting member for collecting scattered lights that are created from the lights scattering from the inspection spot, wherein the scattered lights are analyzed and classified in accordance with defects positioned on the inspection spot of the object.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, a plurality of word lines on the semiconductor substrate, each the plurality of word lines including a floating gate of a second conductivity type. A ground select line and a string select line are disposed on respective sides of word lines. An impurity region of the second conductivity type underlies a first word line adjacent the ground select line. The device may further include a second impurity region of the second conductivity type underlying a second word line adjacent the string select line. In still further embodiments, the device may further include third impurity regions of the second conductivity type underlying respective third word lines between the first word line and the second word line. Methods of forming such devices are also provided.

Abstract: A method may be provided to communicate a plurality of groups of output data bits representing a respective plurality of groups of input data bits over a data bus with each group of output data bits and each group of input data bits have an equal data width. Each of the plurality of groups of input data bits at may be received at a data register. For each group of input data bits received at the data register, if a number of data bits of the group of input data bits having a first logic level is greater than half of the data width, the group of input data bits are inverted, the inverted group of input data bits are transmitted as a respective group of output data bits in parallel over the data bus, and an inversion flag associated with the respective group of output data bits is transmitted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing a protein in a cell-free synthesis system, which comprises the steps of: (a) amplifying a DNA molecule encoding the protein to prepare linear DNA molecules with a stem and loop sequence at their terminus, wherein the stem and loop sequence comprises a nucleotide sequence inducing the formation of a stem and loop structure at the 3?-end of transcripts of the amplified DNA molecules to prevent degradation of the transcripts; and (b) contacting the amplified DNA molecules to a lysate of cells with deficient endoribonuclease E activity, thereby producing the protein in the cell-free synthesis system.

Abstract: The MAC frame in a wireless communication system includes a terminal ID allocated to each of multiple terminals. At least one connection ID is allocated to each terminal having the terminal ID, and sub-carrier allocation information is allocated to each connection having the connection ID. The sub-carrier allocation information includes a sub-carrier allocation status for each sub-carrier, and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier. The sub-carrier allocation status and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier can be allocated, by sub-carriers, to the sub-carrier allocation information using a same number of bits; or the information on the sub-carrier allocation status is first allocated to the sub-carrier allocation information and the number of allocated information bits for each sub-carrier is allocated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital X-ray image detector using an FED, including an upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed to face each other; an anode formed beneath the upper substrate; a photoconductive layer formed beneath the anode for forming electron-hole pairs using X-rays; a cathode formed on the lower substrate; an emitter formed on the cathode for emitting electrons of the cathode; a gate electrode formed on an insulating layer provided around the emitter on the cathode; and a data processing part for converting information about the electron-hole pairs formed in the photoconductive layer by the X-rays, transferred from the anode, to digital data through signal processing including filtering, amplification, storage, or A/D conversion. The high performance digital X-ray image detector of this invention has a high image resolution and a large area, is easy to manufacture and process compared to conventional processes, and has excellent detection efficiency of electrical signals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a symmetrical projection screen. The screen includes a front screen member and a rear screen member. The front and rear screen members are made of a hard material, such as metal, or a hard film. Between the front and rear screen members is disposed a shock-absorbing member. The shock-absorbing member is made of a soft film having physical properties and material quality different from those of the front and rear screen members, such as compressed sponge, plastic foam, or poly vinyl chloride (PVC). The front screen member and the rear screen member are arranged in a front-and-rear symmetrical structure about the shock-absorbing member. Consequently, the deformation factors, such as external pressure or the change in the weather, are extinguished or cut off by the shock-absorbing member, whereby the flatness of the screen is maintained.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes a substrate, resistance patterns, a gate dielectric layer, a gate electrode pattern, a first impurity region and a second impurity region. The substrate has recesses. The recesses are filled with the resistance patterns. The resistance patterns include a material having a resistance that is variable in accordance with a voltage applied thereto. The gate dielectric layer is formed on the substrate. The gate electrode pattern is formed on the gate dielectric layer. The first and second impurity regions are formed in the substrate. The first impurity region and the second impurity region contact side surfaces of the resistance patterns. Further, the resistance patterns, the first impurity region and the second impurity region define a channel region. Thus, the non-volatile memory device may store data using a variable resistance of the resistance patterns so that the non-volatile memory device may have excellent operational characteristics.

Abstract: A user terminal, an image display device, and a method for adjusting a light source thereof, are provided. A user terminal is connected with an image display device and comprises a first interface unit which receives a color coordinate of an ambient light; a second interface unit which receives a color coordinate of an internal light source of the image display device; and a control unit which calculates a luminance value from the received color coordinate of the ambient light and the received color coordinate of the internal light source, and transmits the calculated luminance value to the image display device via the second interface unit. The image display device adjusts the internal light source of the image display device based on the calculated luminance value. Thus, the light source of a backlight unit can be adjusted based on the ambient light.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method for supplying chemical during a semiconductor device fabrication process. The system includes a tank to store the chemical, a dispensing unit to hold the chemical, a refill line connected between the tank and the dispensing unit to supply the chemical from the tank to the chemical liquid dispensing unit, and a dispensing line connected between the chemical dispensing unit and a semiconductor substrate to supply the chemical from the chemical dispensing unit to the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A flash memory device is disclosed. The flash memory device includes a substrate, a memory cell transistor and a selection transistor. The substrate has a first region where the memory cell transistor is to be formed and a second region where the selection transistor is to be formed. The first region has an upper surface located within a first plane and the second region has an upper surface located within a second plane different from the first plane. The memory cell transistors may have a Fin-FET structure. The flash memory device may prevent a disturbance phenomenon in which an electron-hole pair infiltrates the memory cell transistor caused by a high integration degree of the flash memory device.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes a substrate having a recess thereon, a resistant material layer pattern in the recess, a lower electrode on the resistant material layer pattern in the recess, a dielectric layer, and an upper electrode formed on the dielectric layer. The resistant material layer pattern includes a material whose resistance varies according to an applied voltage. The dielectric layer is formed on the substrate, the resistant material layer pattern and the lower electrode. An upper electrode overlaps the resistant material layer pattern and the lower electrode. The applied voltage is applied to access the upper and lower electrodes to vary the resistance of the resistant material layer pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a three-dimensional image forming screen in which, on the basis of a screen substrate having functions of scattering and transmission, polarizing lines for separating and transmitting left and right images from projectors are formed at one surface of the screen substrate and curved surface lines are formed at the other surface of the screen substrate to have the same direction and size as those of the polarizing lines. With this configuration, scattering and transmission of light, separation, transmission, and combination of left and right images, and expansion of the separated images are performed by the single screen, so as to achieve a wide viewing angle of the screen and to allow a viewer to watch a three-dimensional image having a high vividness without assistance of polarizing glasses. When being coupled with a rotating rod that is rotated by a motor, the three-dimensional image forming screen takes the form of a roll-up screen.

Abstract: A non-volatile semiconductor memory device may include a memory cell array that may include a plurality of memory transistors; a input circuit that may control a voltage level of an internal reference voltage and a delay time of an internal clock signal in response to an MRS trim code or an electric fuse trim code, and that may generate a first buffered input signal; a column gate that may gate the first buffered input signal in response to a decoded column address signal; and a sense amplifier that may amplify an output signal of the memory cell array to output to the column gate, and that may receive an output signal of the column gate to output to the memory cell array. The non-volatile semiconductor memory device may properly buffer an input signal of a small swing range.

Abstract: In a flash memory device, which can maintain an enhanced electric field between a control gate and a storage node (floating gate) and has a reduced cell size, and a method of manufacturing the flash memory device, the flash memory device includes a semiconductor substrate having a pair of drain regions and a source region formed between the pair of drain regions, a pair of spacer-shaped control gates each formed on the semiconductor substrate between the source region and each of the drain regions, and a storage node formed in a region between the control gate and the semiconductor substrate. A bottom surface of each of the control gates includes a first region that overlaps with the semiconductor substrate and a second region that overlaps with the storage node. The pair of spacer-shaped control gates are substantially symmetrical with each other about the source region.

Abstract: A screen for displaying an image projected from a beam projector. The screen base is formed with an incombustible metal sheet having silver-white color for displaying an image projected from a light source with nature color. A polished surface is formed on the screen base by polishing the screen base, so that the surface of the screen base has predetermined reflectivity. A surface hardening treatment is implemented on the surface of the screen base using a pickling treatment or an anodizing treatment. The surface reflection type screen formed with a non-combustible metal according to the present invention is excellent in surface hardness, corrosion resistance and acid-resistance so that the screen is easily repaired and maintained. In addition, the screen does not generate poisonous gas in case of fire, and also high quality of an image is displayed on the screen.

Abstract: An educational stereo microscopic image display apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a bag-shaped main box, a planar screen panel which is provided at a front portion of the main box and has a size of 20 inches to 40 inches, and a microscopic image optical system which is provided at a rear portion of the main box and has an objective lens and an image conversion device which converts an optical signal into an electric signal. An image of an object to be inspected is magnified by the microscopic image optical system, and the magnified image is displayed on the large-scale planar screen panel. Accordingly, a teacher and a large number of students (up to about one hundred) can conveniently observe the image of the object to be inspected at the same time.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of measuring the thickness of a substrate. A first light is reflected from a standard sample having a known thickness. The light is concentrated through the light-focusing lens. The first light is converted into a first electrical signal by a detector responding to a light intensity of the concentrated first light. A second light is reflected from a substrate, and then is concentrated through the light-focusing lens. The second light is converted into a second electrical signal by the detector responding to a light intensity of the concentrated second light. An operating unit determines first and second peak values from the first and second electrical signals, respectively. The operating unit calculates the thickness of the substrate by using a standard distance corresponding to the first peak value, a moving distance of the substrate corresponding to the second peak value, and the known thickness of the standard sample.