Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit includes: a delay locked loop (DLL) configured to generate a DLL clock signal by delaying a source clock signal by a first delay time for obtaining a lock, wherein an update period of the DLL is controlled in response to an update period control signal after locking is completed; and an update period controller configured to generate the update period control signal based on a second delay time occurring in a loop path of the DLL in response to the source clock signal and a plurality of control signals provided from the DLL.

Abstract: A phase locked loop includes a phase detector configured to compare a phase of an input clock with a phase of a feedback clock to produce a phase comparison result, an initial frequency value provider configured to detect a frequency of the input clock and provide a frequency detection result, a controller configured to generate a frequency control signal based on the phase comparison result and the frequency detection result, and an oscillator configured to generate an output clock in response to the frequency control signal.

Abstract: Provided are a filter fabrication method and the filter formed thereby. In this method, a three-dimensional graphene polymer complex filter can be easily fabricated. By forming various patterns at a surface of a collector, patterns can be simply formed at a surface of a filter. This provides advantages at control of pressure difference which can be one of the very important factors necessary for designing and fabricating a filter. Since the filter includes graphene particles homogeneously combined to the polymer nanofiber, the filter can represent a superior antibiosis.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and medium of generating a visual attention map. A visual attention map to extract visual attention may be generated to convert a two-dimensional (2D) image into a three-dimensional (3D) image based on visual attention. The 2D image may be downscaled and at least one downscaled image may be generated. A feature map may be extracted from the 2D image and the at least one downscaled image, and the visual attention map may be generated.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a main body; an image carrying body disposed in the main body, a transfer unit and an electrical charge removal unit. The image forming apparatus forms a visible image on the image carrying body by carrying out charging, exposing and developing processes. The transfer unit transfers the visible image from the image carrying body to a printing medium. The electrical charge removal unit is configured to remove residual electrical charge from the printing medium, and is movable, in cooperation with at least one replaceable component part of the transfer unit, between an operable position at which the electrical charge removal unit is capable of removing the electrical charge from the printing medium and a non-interfering position at which the electrical charge removal unit does not interfere with the movement of the at least one replaceable component part of the transfer unit being received into or being removed from the main body for replacement.

Abstract: A method for forming a fine pattern having a variable width by simultaneously using an optimal focused electron beam and a defocused electron beam in a light exposure process Includes, after forming a first film on a substrate, forming a first film pattern including a first level area and a second level area having different distances from the substrate by changing a profile of an upper surface of the first film. A photoresist film having a first area covering the first level area and a second area covering the second level area is formed. To simultaneously light-expose the first area and the second area with the same width, a light exposure condition, in which an optimal focused electron beam is eradiated on the first area and a defocused electron beam is eradiated on the second area, is applied.

Abstract: A system for transmitting data includes a plurality of data lines configured to transmit the data and a transmitting chip configured to output the data to the data lines and perform a crosstalk prevention operation in response to a data pattern of the data to be transmitted through the data lines and array information of the data lines to prevent crosstalk from occurring in the data lines.

Abstract: Provided are a solar cell and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell may include a first electrode including a first substrate attached with a first transparent conductive film and a metal oxide nanotube provided on the first substrate and adsorbed with a dye, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an electrolyte filling between the first and second electrodes. In example embodiments, metal nanoparticles may be provided on an inner surface of the metal oxide nanotube.

Abstract: An on-die termination circuit includes a reference period signal generation circuit that generates a reference period signal according to a level of a reference voltage, a first period signal generation circuit that generates a first period signal according to a voltage level of a pad, a period comparison circuit that compares a period of the first period signal with a period of the reference period signal and count a plurality of driving signals, and a driver circuit that drives the pad in response to the plurality of driving signals.

Abstract: A clock signal duty correction circuit includes: a first transition timing control unit configured to generate a first control signal for controlling a rising timing of a duty correction clock signal by using a clock signal; a second transition timing control unit configured to generate a second control signal for varying a falling timing of the duty correction clock signal by using the clock signal according to a code signal; and a differential buffer unit configured to generate the duty correction clock signal, whose rising time or falling time is adjusted, in response to the first control signal and the second control signal.

Abstract: An internal control signal regulation circuit includes a programming test unit configured to detect an internal control signal in response to an external control signal and generate a selection signal, test codes and a programming enable signal; and a code processing unit configured to receive the test codes or programming codes in response to the selection signal and regulate the internal control signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a transfer unit and an image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus includes a main body frame on which one or more image carrying bodies are is supported and a transfer unit coupled to the main body frame.

Abstract: The domain crossing circuit of a semiconductor memory apparatus for improving a timing margin includes a sampler that provides a sampling internal signal generated by delaying an internal input signal by a predetermined time in response to a clock and an edge information signal that defines an output timing of the sampling internal signal and an output stage that allows the sampling internal signal to be synchronized with the clock in response to the edge information signal to be output as a final output signal.

Abstract: A counting circuit of a semiconductor device includes a plurality of counting units configured to count respective bits of counting codes in response to a plurality of counting clocks, respectively, and to control in a counting direction in response to a counting control signal; a clock toggling control unit configured to control the number of counting clocks that toggle among the plurality of counting clocks in response to clock control signals; and a counting operation control unit configured to compare a value of target codes and a value of the counting codes, and to determine a value of the counting control signal according to a comparison result.

Abstract: A delay locked loop includes a delay unit delaying an input clock to generate an output clock, a replica delay unit delaying the output clock to generate a feedback clock, a phase comparing unit outputting a phase signal having a first or second value according to whether the phase of the feedback clock leads the phase of the input clock, a filtering unit generates a filtering signal in response to the phase signal and updates the filtering signal when a difference of count numbers of the phase signal having the first value and the second value is substantially equal to a filtering depth, a locking unit generates a locking signal in response to the filtering signal, and a control unit adjusts a delay value in response to the filtering signal and maintains the delay value when the locking signal is activated.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for coding and decoding multi-object audio signals with various channels and providing backward compatibility with a conventional spatial audio coding (SAC) bitstream. The apparatus includes: an audio object coding unit for coding audio-object signals inputted to the coding apparatus based on a spatial cue and creating rendering information for the coded audio-object signals, where the rendering information provides a coding apparatus including spatial cue information for audio-object signals; channel information of the audio-object signals; and identification information of the audio-object signals, and used in coding and decoding of the audio signals.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for coding and decoding a multi-object audio signal. The apparatus includes a down-mixer for down-mixing the audio signals into one down-mixed audio signal and extracting supplementary information including header information and spatial cue information for each of the audio signals, a coder for coding the down-mixed audio signal, and a supplementary information coder for generating the supplementary information as a bit stream. The header information includes identification information for each of the audio signals and channel information for the audio signals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an electrode for measuring glycoprotein and a preparation method thereof. In the electrode, cystamine is bound to the electrode surface, and boronic acid is conjugated to the cystamine. Thus, an increased amount of boronic acid can be bound to the electrode surface, so that the amount of glycoprotein can be more accurately measured using the electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for transmitting and receiving audio, particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving of object-based audio contents, which packetizes audio objects having the same characteristic. To achieve the above, the present invention includes filtering a plurality of ESs according to common information, adding a packet header to the respective filtered ESs and generate ES packets, aggregating all the generated ES packets and then adding a multi-object packet header to the aggregated ES packets to generate an object packet, and multiplexing the generated object packet, packetizing the multiplexed object packet according to a transmitting media and transmitting the packetized object packet.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for injecting synchronized stream data into a Motion Picture Experts Group 2 (MPEG-2) video/audio transport stream for a digital data broadcasting service. The apparatus and method for injecting synchronized stream data calculate the injection time point of data access unit (DAU) that forms the synchronized stream data and injects DAU into the MPEG-2 video/audio transport stream based on the calculated injection time point so that the synchronized stream data could be presented smoothly in a receiver. The synchronized stream data injecting apparatus includes: an additional data storing unit, a synchronized stream data selection/establishment unit, a synchronized stream data analyzing unit, a transport stream analyzing unit, a synchronized stream data injection/management unit, a presentation time stamp re-stamping unit and a multiplexing unit.