METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REPAIR OF A CONTACT PAD OF A PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
Methods and devices are provided for repairing a damaged contact pad that is located on a first surface of a printed circuit board and connected to a via that passes through the circuit board. According to the method, a countersink hole is created in the first surface of the printed circuit board in a location that is substantially centered on an axis passing through the via, and a replacement structure is inserted into the countersink hole. The replacement structure has a stem portion, a head portion, and a shoulder portion that connects the stern and head portions, with the angle of the shoulder portion substantially matching the angle of the shoulder of the countersink hole. The stem portion of the replacement structure is permanently attached to sidewalls of the via so as to electrically couple the head portion of the replacement structure to the via.
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The present invention relates to repairing printed circuit boards, and more particularly relates to a method and device for repairing individual contact pads of a printed circuit board.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONPrinted-wiring technology is currently used to fabricate circuit boards having embedded circuit traces. These traces are interconnected by “vias,” or plated thru-holes, that connect one trace on one circuit board layer to another trace on a different layer. In electronic systems, there are a variety of electrical connection types between the circuit board and the components such as integrated circuits that are attached to the circuit board. As integrated circuits become more dense, so too must the electrical connections.
A land grid array (LGA) is an electrical connection interface for components, such as microprocessors. Unlike the pin grid array (PGA) interface commonly found on integrated circuits, with LGA, there are no pins on the chip; in place of the pins are pads of bare gold-plated copper that touch pins on the circuit board. Such LGAs offer high interconnection density (e.g., at a one millimeter pitch, a 35×35 grid may contain 1,225 interconnections in a space less than 1.5 square inches and 2,025 interconnections in a 45×45 grid less than 1.75 square inches). LGAs are easy to manufacture and the cost of module production is much less because terminations such as pins or balls are no longer required.
Many modern circuit boards for use with LGAs or other electrical connection interfaces have a very large number of connections and vias extending from the external connections on one surface of the circuit board to internal wiring, and to wiring and connections on the opposite surface of the circuit board. In many instances, if a few or even one of these connections is defective, the entire board is defective and the connection and associated via must either be repaired or replaced, or the entire board has to be scrapped.
One known solution for working with damaged LGA pads is to remove the damaged pad and utilize a lily pad-shaped repair pad that is etched on a printed circuit board, as shown in
Spring movement LGA socket devices, such as the Tyco “cantilevered-spring,” typically reduce co-planarity problems by effectively taking up slack when there is a problem with co-planarity on the bottom of the device. However, spring contacts move as the component is pressed against the LGA pads.
Because of the irregular surface of the lily pad-shaped pad, attachment mechanisms such as a cantilevered-type spring connector cannot be used, as the tip of the connector may bind on the gap 202 on the repaired pad 102 during the mating/compression process, causing further damage to the repaired pad or damage to the interconnect device.
Another known solution is to use a replacement pad and a wire that runs through the circuit board. More specifically, in this repair process the damaged pad is removed from one side of the circuit board. The wire is inserted into the via and ran through so as to protrude on the opposite side of the circuit board. The replacement pad is attached to the area from which the damaged pad was removed using an adhesive, and the wire is soldered to the replacement pad. The wire protruding oil the opposite side of the circuit board is soldered to the via and the excess wire is clipped so as to make it flush with the circuit board. While the damaged pad is replaced, this repair process requires the creation of a second solder connection on the underside of the repair pad, which creates another point of failure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONOne embodiment of the present invention provides a method for repairing a damaged contact pad that is located on a first surface of a printed circuit board and connected to a via that passes through the circuit board. According to the method, a countersink hole is created in the first surface of the printed circuit board in a location that is substantially centered on an axis passing through the via, and a replacement structure is inserted into the countersink hole. The replacement structure has a stem portion, a head portion, and a shoulder portion that connects the stem and head portions, with the angle of the shoulder portion substantially matching the angle of the shoulder of the countersink hole. The stem portion of the replacement structure is permanently attached to sidewalls of the via so as to electrically couple the head portion of the replacement structure to the via.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides replacement structure for repairing a damaged contact pad on a printed circuit board. The replacement structure includes a head portion, a sloping shoulder portion connected to the head portion, and a stem portion connected to the shoulder portion so that the replacement structure has a generally T-shaped configuration. The head portion has a substantially planar upper surface for electrically and physically contacting an electrical component, and the shoulder portion has an angle that substantially matches the angle of a countersink hole in the circuit board. The stem portion is able to be inserted into a via that is in the circuit board below the damaged contact pad.
A further embodiment of the present invention provides a printed circuit board having a repaired contact pad. The printed circuit board includes a via that passes through the circuit board, a countersink hole in a first surface of the printed circuit board in a location that is substantially centered on an axis passing through the via, and a replacement structure that is inserted into the countersink hole. The replacement structure has a stem portion, a head portion, and a shoulder portion that connects the stem portion to the head portion, with the angle of the shoulder portion substantially matching the angle of a shoulder of the countersink hole. The stem portion of the replacement structure is permanently attached to sidewalls of the via so as to electrically couple the head portion of the replacement structure to the via.
The accompanying figures, where like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate views and which together with the detailed description below are incorporated in and form part of the specification, serve to further illustrate various embodiments and to explain various principles and advantages all in accordance with the present invention.
As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure. Further, the terms and phrases used herein are not intended to be limiting; but rather, to provide an understandable description of the invention.
The present invention, according to preferred embodiments, provides a device and method for repairing or replacing an electrical interface on a printed circuit board, such that the repaired device presents a solid durable surface that is able to accept spring loaded LGA socketed components without danger of pad or component socket damage.
Each of the vias 308 and 310 of
Occasionally a contact pad is damaged. For example, via 310 of the exemplary circuit board shown in
The result is, as shown in the side views of the figures, a set of shoulders 508 and 510, which from a top view is seen to be one continuous shoulder going around the via, above the previously-existing opening in the center of the via that passes through the remainder of the circuit board. The shoulder 508 and 510 of the countersink hole provides a seat for a shoulder portion of a repair pin that is used in this embodiment of the present invention.
In this embodiment of the present invention, next in step 904 an adhesive 512 is applied to the shoulder 508 and 510 of the counterbored hole 506. The adhesive 512 can be epoxy or any other adhesive. In step 906, the pin 602 is inserted into the via 504, as shown in
In this embodiment, after the inserting step 906, the head portion 604 extends from the top of the circuit board 302 by a height H that is equal to the height of an adjacent contact pad 304. In this raised position, the pin 602 provides a well-defined contact surface that is substantially planar with the other contact pads to allow easy attachment of a component such as an integrated circuit that is to be attached to the circuit board 302.
In a further step 908, a piece of tape 702 is applied to the upper surface of the head portion 604 of the pin 602 in an overlapping manner so as to also cover a portion of the upper surface 402 of the circuit board 302, as shown in
A soldering process is then performed in step 910 in which the stem portion 606 of the pin 602 is heated by accessing the stem 606 from the bottom side 404 of the circuit board 302. The heating can be accomplished by any method, such as by using a soldering iron. After sufficient heating of the pin 602, solder 802 is provided to the heated area on the bottom side of the circuit board. Through a natural phenomena known as “sweating,” some of the solder is sucked into the small gap between the pin 602 and the via walls 504. The solder 802 provides a solid conductive joint between the pin 602 and the conductive metallic material lining the walls of the via 505. Thus, there is formed a direct conductive pathway from the head portion 604 of the pin 602, to which a component will be attached, to conductors 406 and 408 provided on layers within the circuit board 302. The pin 602 also provides a direct electrical connection through the circuit board 302. In this embodiment, the pin 602 is of a length so that, when seated on the shoulder 508 and 510 of the counterbored hole 506, the pin extends just to the bottom surface 404 of the circuit board 302. This length provides the added advantage that there is no need to trim the stem portion 606 after the pin 602 is soldered into position, as shown in
In step 912, the tape 702 is removed after the pin 602 has been securely soldered into place. Thus, the original damaged contact pad 306 is now replaced by the replacement conductor/contact pad structure 602 and the process ends at step 914.
Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention provide advantages over conventional methods of contact pad repair. The replacement conductor/contact pad structure 602 (or “pin”) used in embodiments of the present invention is easily inserted into and connected to the circuit board so as to provide a replacement pad surface that has substantially the same size and shape as the original pad and requires only one solder connection. Also, the surface of the replacement structure is flat, smooth, and void of any gaps, so it is compatible with both wire ball interconnect devices and spring interconnect devices.
The terms “a” or “an”, as used herein, are defined as one or more than one. The term “plurality”, as used herein, is defined as two or more than two. The term “another”, as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms “including” and/or “having”, as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language). The term 4“coupled”, as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been disclosed, those having ordinary skill in the art will understand that changes can be made to the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is not to be restricted, therefore, to the specific embodiments, and it is intended that the appended claims cover any and all such applications, modifications, and embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for repairing a damaged contact pad on a printed circuit board, the contact pad being located on a first surface of the printed circuit board and being connected to a via that passes through the printed circuit board, the via comprising a hole with sidewalls and a conductive material that is attached to the sidewalls, the method comprising the steps of:
- creating a countersink hole in the first surface of the printed circuit board in a location that is substantially centered on an axis passing through the via, the countersink hole passing only part way through the printed circuit board so as to be located above a remaining portion of the via that passes through a remainder of the printed circuit board;
- inserting a replacement structure into the countersink hole and the remaining portion of the via, the replacement structure including a stem portion, a head portion, and a shoulder portion that connects the stem portion to the head portion, the shoulder portion having an angle that substantially matches an angle of a shoulder of the countersink hole; and
- permanently attaching the stem portion of the replacement structure to the conductive material attached to the sidewalls of the remaining portion of the via so as to electrically couple the stem portion of the replacement structure to the conductive material attached to the sidewalls of the remaining portion of the via,
- wherein after the inserting step, a bottom surface of the replacement structure is substantially planar with a bottom surface of the circuit board so as not to protrude from the bottom surface of the circuit board.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of creating the countersink hole comprises drilling part way through the printed circuit board so as to completely remove the damaged contact pad but leave the remaining portion of the via passing through the remainder of the printed circuit board.
3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of, before the inserting step, applying an adhesive to a portion of the shoulder of the countersink hole.
4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of, after the inserting step, temporarily securing the replacement structure to the circuit board by applying tape to the head portion of the replacement structure in an overlapping manner so as to also cover a portion of the first surface of the circuit board.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the permanently attaching step comprises using solder to permanently attach the replacement structure to the conductive material attached to the sidewalls of the remaining portion of the via such that the solder provides a solid conductive joint between the replacement structure and the conductive material attached to the sidewalls of the remaining portion of the via.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the permanently attaching step, a top surface of the replacement structure is substantially planar with a top surface of an adjacent contact pad on the circuit board.
7-18. (canceled)
19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shoulder portion of the replacement structure slopes at a constant angle from a lower surface of the head portion to an upper surface of the stem portion.
20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the replacement structure is formed by one continuous piece of a conductive material.
Type: Application
Filed: Jan 16, 2007
Publication Date: Jul 17, 2008
Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION (ARMONK, NY)
Inventors: Joseph P. Palmeri (Hopewell Junction, NY), Vincent P. Mulligan (Wappingers Falls, NY)
Application Number: 11/623,484
International Classification: H05K 1/02 (20060101); H01R 43/00 (20060101); H01R 43/02 (20060101); H01R 13/02 (20060101);