Abstract: The invention relates to a device of the valve type comprising a housing having a fluid access (7) which is shut off by a shutter (9) secured to an actuator (10) as a function of the temperature of the fluid passing through the device.

Abstract: To provide a two-cycle internal combustion engine including a combustion chamber; a chamber portion adjacent to the combustion chamber; a communication passage between the combustion chamber and the chamber portion; and a control valve, provided in the communication passage, for opening the communication passage nearly at a point of time when a scavenging opening is closed and closing the communication passage at a mid point in the compression stroke, wherein an air-fuel mixture flows from the chamber portion side into the combustion chamber via the communication passage by operating the control valve, which engine is intended to eliminate scattering of fuel in the chamber portion due to splashing of part of the stream of fuel sprayed from a fuel injector. A portion, on the chamber portion side, of the communication passage is taken as a gas passage for communicating the control valve to the chamber portion.

Abstract: Variable valve characteristic control apparatuses realize a change in a valve characteristic in accordance with a requirement of an internal combustion engine and a three-dimensional cam for use in the variable valve characteristic control apparatus. In the case of an intake valve, two lift patterns and continuously varying lift patterns between the two lift patterns are realized by the three-dimensional cam through the driving of the variable valve characteristic control apparatus. The two lift patterns provide different amounts of lift in the delay side of a peak within a valve operation angle, but provide equal amounts of lift in the delay side of the peak. Since the intake cam has the two lift patterns, it is possible to select a phase where the two lift patterns provide equal amounts of lift and provide different amounts of lift in phases other than the equal-lift phase so as to accord to the characteristics of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A VVA apparatus includes a driving shaft, a crank cam arranged at an outer periphery of the driving shaft, a VO cam swingably supported by the driving shaft to actuate an engine valve, and a rocker arm having a first arm swingably mounted to an eccentric control cam at a first pivotal point and a second arm rotatably mounted to the crank cam and the VO cam at a second pivotal point and a third pivotal point, respectively, the rocker arm transmitting a driving force of the crank cam to the VO cam. The valve lift produced by the VO cam is varied by changing a rocking fulcrum of the rocker arm through rotation control of the control cam, and the second pivotal point and the third pivotal point are located on the side of the second arm of the rocker arm.

Abstract: A variable valve train device for use on an internal combustion engine having a rotary camshaft with adjacent valve-opening and valve-closing lobes. The device is mounted on the engine head and is pivotable about the camshaft to alter the timing and lift of a fuel intake valve. A command link controls the rotational position of the apparatus with respect to the camshaft and is rotationally supported by a cylindrical shell bearing mounted on the engine head coaxial with the camshaft. The shell bearing is supported by an hydraulic lash adjuster or an adjustable ball joint to minimize mechanical lash in the device. The command link includes a ring gear which meshes with a control shaft gear for advancing or retarding the valve timing. The command link pivotably supports a rocker assembly for following the rotary motion of the valve-opening and valve-closing cam lobes. The rocker assembly is linked to an output cam disposed between the camshaft and a roller finger follower for actuating the valve.

Abstract: An improved oil pump drive arrangement and pressure relief valve therefore for an internal combustion engine. The oil pump is disposed externally of the engine around a shaft that extends through the body of the engine. This extending portion of the shaft drives at least one engine accessory through a pulley which axially overlaps and circumferentially surrounds the oil pump housing to provide a compact engine construction.

Abstract: A ceiling surface of a rocker cover mounted on a top of a cylinder head has an oil guide groove and an oil dripping portion. The oil guide groove extends along a rotation direction of a chain and faces the chain for guiding lubricating oil droplets separated from the chain into a single flow in a certain direction. The oil dripping portion is continuous with the oil guide groove and protruding toward a valve-operating device for dripping the lubricating oil guided by the oil guide groove onto the valve-operating device. Oil droplets thrown off from the chain are collected by the oil guide groove and dripped onto the valve-operating device via the oil dripping portion. Therefore, it can effectively supply the oil to a position where the valve-operating cam slidably contacts with the slipper, thereby improving the frictional resistance of the valve-operating device.

Abstract: A four-cycle internal combustion engine having a piston reciprocably movable within a cylinder, a crankshaft, a rod connecting the piston to the crankshaft and means arranged between the rod and the crankshaft to vary the stroke of the piston, said means for varying the stroke comprising an internal gear, an external gear and an eccentric member, characterized in that the eccentric distance of the crankpin, the radius of the pitch circle of the external gear and the radius of the pitch circle of the internal gear are in the ratio of one to two to three.

Abstract: A compact internal combustion engine includes an engine housing, an arrangement of cylinders, a reciprocating piston in each cylinder, a crankshaft extending through the engine housing, a cam crank fitted to the crankshaft and rotatable therewith, and a valve assembly. A connecting rod of each piston is coupled to the cam crank via a bearing assembly in a manner which causes the coupled end of each piston connecting rod to follow a continuous path of predetermined configuration throughout each piston stroke to thereby transmit the linear power of combustion into a rotating force. The bearing assembly is structured and disposed to maintain the connecting rods in coupled connection with the cam crank when subjected to both downward forces and outward separating forces which occur throughout rotation of the cam crank as the coupled connection follows the continuous path.

Abstract: An engine is constructed with a rotor housing having a rotor chamber formed in a cylindrical shape in the inside thereof and sealed at the opposing ends, such as by a cover at each end. At least one combustion chamber is provided which is coupled through the rotor chamber in one side thereof to provide a combustion space for a fuel mixture. A suction expansion valve is provided for opening and closing a passage directed into the combustion chamber and an intake pipe in the rotor chamber of the rotor housing. A compression exhaust valve is provided for opening and closing a passage directed into the combustion chamber and an exhaust pipe, in the rotor chamber of the rotor housing. A rotor is installed in an axial relationship within the rotor chamber of the rotor housing. The rotor includes at least one movable lug projecting therefrom. The movable lug is preferably formed on an outer circumference face of the rotor and performs suction. compression, expansion and exhaust strokes according to a cycle.

Abstract: A multi-mode internal combustion engine and method of operating the engine is provided which is capable of operating in a variety of modes based on engine operating conditions to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The multi-mode engine include a fuel delivery system and control system for permitting the engine to operate in a diesel mode, a homogeneous charge dual fuel transition mode, a spark ignition or liquid spark ignition mode and/or a premixed charge compression ignition mode. The control system and method permits the engine operation to transfer between the various modes in an effective and efficient manner by controlling one or more fuel delivery devices or other engine components so as to move along a continuous transfer path while maintaining engine torque at a substantially constant level.

Abstract: In a direct injection type engine, capable of switching an injection mode between a compression stroke injection mode for injecting fuel mainly during a compression stroke and an intake stroke injection mode for injecting fuel mainly during an intake stroke; a fuel injection starting timing in the intake stroke is corrected to a retard side as the temperature relating to an internal combustion engine, detected as a parameter representing the tendency of fuel to adhere to the inside of the internal combustion engine, becomes lower. If a required fuel injection volume cannot be injected during the intake stroke injection mode in the corrected fuel injection timing, a timing for injecting remaining fuel to satisfy the required fuel injection volume during a compression stroke following the intake stroke in one combustion cycle is determined. The injection of the fuel is controlled according to the corrected fuel injection timing.

Abstract: A motorcycle including a two-cylinder engine. The engine includes a housing, first and second cylinders having first and second combustion chambers, respectively, and first and second pistons reciprocating in the first and second chambers, respectively. The motorcycle further includes a spark generating circuit including a spark plug having a spark gap exposed to the first combustion chamber, an ion sensing circuit including the spark plug and being operable to generate an ion signal indicative of an ion current generated across the spark gap, and an analysis module coupled to the ion signal circuit. The analysis module is operable to receive the ion signal and to analyze the ion signal to determine whether a no-combustion event occurs in the first cylinder. The analysis module may be further operable to determine if the spark generating circuit has an intermittent connection.

Abstract: There are provided with a plurality of injection nozzles one ends of which are respectively inserted into a cylinder head every cylinder and other ends of which are covered with a cylinder head cover. A single common rail provided in parallel with a crankshaft is connected to a fuel injection pump through a first fuel pipe and connected to each injection nozzle through a plurality of second fuel pipes. The common rail is housed in the cylinder head cover, the front end of a first short pipe protruded from the common rail faces a first insertion portion formed in the sidewall of the cylinder head, and the first fuel pipe is connected to the first short pipe through the first insertion portion. Thereby, it is possible to decrease a fuel supply system using the common rail in weight and cost and improve the outside quality.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the statues of a shut-off valve arrangement forming part of a fuelling system of an engine comprises a metering valve arrangement comprising a metering valve member for regulating fuel flow from a pump to the engine and a position sensor for monitoring the position of the metering valve member. The shut-off valve arrangement is operable between open and closed positions and the metering valve arrangement is operable between a maximum flow position, in which the flow of fuel through the metering valve arrangement to the shut-off valve arrangement is a maximum, and a minimum flow position in which the flow of fuel through the metering valve arrangement to the shut-off valve arrangement is a minimum. The position of the metering valve member is controlled by controlling fuel pressure acting on the metering valve member.

Abstract: A fuel supply control system for controlling a fuel amount to be supplied to an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas recirculation mechanism comprising an exhaust gas recirculation passage connected between an intake pipe and an exhaust pipe, and an exhaust gas recirculation valve provided in the exhaust gas recirculation passage, is disclosed. The fuel amount to be supplied to the engine is corrected according to a pressure difference between an intake pressure detected when opening the exhaust gas recirculation valve and an intake pressure detected when closing the exhaust gas recirculation valve.

Abstract: To change a fuel injection quantity to follow a throttle opening change in a low load region. A first calculator calculates a basic injection time using a throttle opening and an engine rotational speed. A second calculator calculates a basic injection time using an intake pipe negative pressure and the engine rotational speed. A selector selects the first calculator when the load is higher, and selects the second calculator when the load is lower. If the rate of change of the throttle opening is greater than a reference value, then a switcher sets the selector to select the first calculator. Thus, if the rate of increase of the throttle opening is greater than the reference value even when the load is low, the first calculator is selected.

Abstract: Calculating an acceleration corrective in response to a subtle change in a throttle action by utilizing first and second rate-of-change calculators to calculate rates of change D&thgr;THA, D&thgr;THB of a throttle opening in preceding first and second periods (second period > first period) per a predetermined crankshaft rotational angle). A maximum value updater updates a stored value in a maximum value memory with a greater one of past and present maximum rates of change D&thgr;TH of the throttle opening, based on a compared result from a comparator. Points in a plurality of cycles read from a point calculator based on the maximum rate of change D&thgr;TH of the throttle opening are added together and inputted to a corrective value calculator.

Abstract: A fuel system, for use in supplying pressurised fuel to a combustion space, comprises a fuel source of pressurised fuel and a fluid pressure actuable valve controlling communication between the fuel source and an injection nozzle. The fuel system further comprises a second source of control fluid under pressure and a control valve controlling the application of control fluid under pressure to the fluid pressure actuable valve to control operation of the fluid pressure actuable valve. The invention also relates to a fuel injector for use in such a fuel system, the fuel injector comprising the injection nozzle, the fluid pressure actuable valve and the control valve.

Abstract: A fuel pump isolation assembly for a fuel pump of a vehicle includes a fuel pump and an isolation housing having a fuel pump cavity extending axially therethrough to receive the fuel pump. The fuel pump isolation assembly also includes a plurality of flex arms extending from the isolation housing and into the fuel pump cavity to engage the fuel pump and allow radial movement of the fuel pump during its operation.

Abstract: In order to make a fuel in a vapor phase from a fuel tank to be easily liquefied in a liquid trap, reduce an amount of a gasoline vapor entering from the liquid trap to a diffusion of a canister and extend a service life of an activated carbon, in accordance with a canister for an evaporated fuel treatment apparatus, a fuel in a vapor phase from a fuel tank (24) enters into a liquid trap (21A) from an evaporated fuel passage (23) via a tank port (13A). Since an inner diameter of a canister communication port (22A) is small, an invasion of a gasoline vapor from the liquid trap (21A) to a first diffusion (12) is restricted, so that a liquefaction in the liquid trap (21A) is promoted. When the fuel tank (24) is cooled and an internal pressure of the tank becomes a negative pressure, a fuel in a liquid phase in the liquid trap (21A) flows backward so as to prevent a lot of fuel in a liquid phase from being collected within the liquid trap (21A).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of reducing emissions in the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine that has at least one cylinder to which an air/fuel mixture is supplied when a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is rotated, at least one inlet valve, at least one inlet duct connecting to the inlet valve, at least one exhaust valve, at least one exhaust duct connecting to the exhaust valve, control members for controlling the opening and closing of the inlet and exhaust valves, and a piston reciprocating between a top dead-center position and a bottom dead-center position in the cylinder. The method comprises the steps of supplying a lean air/fuel mixture to the cylinder, controlling the internal combustion engine so that it works at high load, and controlling the exhaust valve so that it opens when the piston is located in the bottom dead-center position. The exhaust valve is preferably controlled so that it closes after the induction stroke has started.

Abstract: Comparing a conventional ignition coil, both the height and the width become compact and only one type can be used in substitution for a conventional multiple type of the ignition coil. Furthermore, it may be mounted in a severe layout limited by the width and the height. Accordingly, it allows the cost to be greatly reduced by reducing the kind of the press mold for case and investment for the equipment, and reducing the labor cost for a production process and increasing a production quantity for each piece of equipment. An ignition coil for an internal combustion engine includes: an actuated magnetic portion 1b of an iron core 1 which has an axis line crossing an ignition plug axis line of the internal combustion engine at a right angle and around which a primary coil 2 is wound; and a switching unit 4 which is disposed at an end of the actuated magnetic portion 1b vertically to the axis line of the actuated magnetic portion 1b and flows and intercepts a primary current flowing through the primary coil 2.

Abstract: An insulating glass door for a cooking chamber of a cooking appliance is formed by an insulating glass window composed of two individual panes which are spaced apart for forming an interspace therebetween, which is sealed by an insulating material. The door includes at least one door component which is integrated and extends between the two spaced-apart panes.

Abstract: In a radiation heat collector, comprising: a linear tubular heat collector member defining an internal passage for conducting fluid and a reflector having a reflecting surface partly surrounding the heat collector member, the reflector is rotatably supported around the heat collector member so that the angular position can be changed at will so as to optimize the orientation of the reflector for the given location, inclination of the solar collector, time of the year and time of the day.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of breathing exercise devices and more particularly to expiratory breathing methods which promote proper resistance breathing by the user. More specifically, the present invention discloses a method which utilizes a pressure relief valve, preferably a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) valve, for providing positive expiratory pressure (PEP). The PEP is provided by obstructing the flow of gases exhaled by the patient through the PEEP valve, so that such gases must be exhaled against the PEEP valve's pressure threshold.

Abstract: A device for assisting in the administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation includes a case having a latch that is normally closed. The case carries a circuit which has a switch that is normally open. The switch is coupled to the latch and is closed when the case is opened. The case includes a rescue aid, such as a ventilation mask, wherein opening of said latch causes closure of said switch which energizes an instruction circuit that immediately provides verbal instructions for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation and use of the rescue aid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tracheostomy device with an inflatable balloon (1) attached to a hollow tube (2) by means of two areas of adhesion (1a and 1b) whose ortogonal projections are not contiguous or, in other words, are at an angle (&agr;) other than 180°. This balloon (1) communicates with the environment by means of a capped, valved flexible conduit (4). A movable flange (3) allows for extra fixation of the device around a patient's neck. A displaceable inner tube (5) can be removed in case of severe acute obstruction, allowing for immediate establishment of air flow.

Abstract: A surgical drape including a flexible sheet having a top surface and an outer edge including distinct given and particular segments, the primary sheet defining a fenestration for accommodating a surgical procedure; a flexible first flap secured to the given segment and shaped and arranged to be foldable over the sheet into a position substantially covering the fenestration; and a flexible second flap secured to the particular segment and shaped and arranged to be foldable over the sheet into a position substantially covering the fenestration. The flaps are deployable to selectively reduce the size of the fenestration.

Abstract: A method of treating opthalmological conditions including macular degeneration, myopia, hyperopia, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma in a patient, using microacupuncture comprises the invention. The method includes the steps of placing needles in the patient at key trigger points for a prescribed period of time and then removing the needles.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of improving the bodily appearance in the case of cellulite. In order to achieve an effective improvement without the direct contact of sound heads, electrodes or winding foils on the skin the invention suggests that the body or a part of the body of a person is received by a known chamber provided with at least one pump which chamber is subsequently sealed in a gas-tight manner and exposed to the action of an alternating pressure. If the pressure in the chamber is lowered (negative pressure) relative to the atmospheric ambient pressure the lymph vessels widen and receive tissue fluid and residual metabolic products associated with the lymph. The subsequent raising of the pressure in the chamber either to the atmospheric ambient pressure or an excess pressure [superpressure] in the range of a maximum of 20-60 mbar produces a directed flow of lymph and a removal of the residual metabolic products to the filtering organs.

Abstract: The process according to the invention comprises twisting a plastically deformable wire, typically of metal, so that it imprisons fibers within it, with the parts of the fibers projecting from the wire forming bristles in a helicoidal spiral, and of shaving off some of the bristles in predefined angular sectors by using the twisted wire to guide the components causing the total or partial ablation of the bristles.

Abstract: A hair decoration including a hair engaging member, such as a clip or barrette, a plurality of elongated flexible members, such as ribbon or monofilament, extending lengthwise from and each secured to the hair engaging member, and a plurality of discrete decorative elements, such as beads, stones, gemstones, beads, miniatures, and miniature cartoon characters, figurines, letters, flowers, birds, insects and animals.

Abstract: An endpiece for applying a cosmetic or care product, the endpiece comprising a first part assembled with a second part, one of the two parts defining at least part of an applicator surface suitable for being fed with substance by at least one orifice of the endpiece, the second part having a coating of flocking extending:

Abstract: A substrate cleaning apparatus, a substrate cleaning method and a substrate processing apparatus wherein contamination in a roller type cleaning member used for cleaning a pattern forming surface is slowed down and the time for replacing the cleaning member is delayed. The substrate is cleaned while supplying a cleaning liquid which is given ultrasonic energy and/or had the cavitation generated therein from the cleaning liquid nozzle onto a surface of the substrate to be cleaned.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to compositions having an alkylene carbonate and a primary hydroxyl functional capping agent for treating materials fouled with isocyanate. The invention also relates to decontamination of materials fouled with isocyanate, and to methods for decontamination of solvent fouled with isocyanate.

Abstract: An improved system for cleaning vertical walls includes a vacuum source to adhere the system to the vertical wall. The vacuum source removes fluid and removed material from the wall, and also adheres the system to the wall. A rotating fluid jet is positioned radially inwardly of the vacuum source and impinges high pressurized fluid off of the surface to be cleaned to remove material. In a preferred embodiment, a central portion mounts both the fluid source and the vacuum source. A base portion mounts motors for driving the system along the wall. The base portion rotates relative to the central portion such that the central portion does not move as the base portion turns on the wall to drive the system along the wall. In a further feature, an additional air flow system is provided to provide supplemental air flow to assist the vacuum when moving the fluid and removed material. In addition, a second embodiment of a seal for contacting the surface to be cleaned includes a plurality of brush bristles.

Abstract: A household dishwasher, includes a dishwashing compartment, a circulating pump for delivering liquid to the dishwashing compartment, a flow heater having an inflow connection fluidically connected to the circulating pump and at least two outlet connections, spray devices disposed in the dishwashing compartment and fluidically connected to outlet connections for supplying the liquid to each of the spray devices, and a changeover device for selectively opening and closing the spray devices. The spray devices subject items disposed in the dishwashing compartment and to be cleaned to an action of a liquid delivered by the circulating pump. The changeover device is disposed in a non-restricting location at the flow heater upstream of the outlet connections with respect to a liquid flow direction and opens and/or closes one of the outlet connections or a number of outlet connections or all the outlet connections are alternately one after the other and/or on a permanent basis. A method is also provided.

Abstract: Where a substrate such as a semiconductor wafer held in a process space in a process chamber consisting of an outside chamber and an inside chamber is subjected to a cleaning processing, a chemical agent such as IPA or a solvent having a surfactant added thereto is supplied in the form of a mist or a vapor toward the substrate under the sate that the substrate is stopped or rotated at a low speed after processing with a chemical agent and a subsequent rinsing processing with a pure water. After the supply of the chemical agent is stopped, the substrate is rotated at a rotating speed higher than said low speed so as to centrifugally remove the chemical agent attached to the substrate.

Abstract: A space solar concentrator based on light-weight reflectors (3) attached to a honeycomb panel (1) is described.

Abstract: A solar cell including a semiconductor substrate of a first conductive type; a first region of a second conductive type provided on a surface of the substrate; and a bypass function region including a second region of a second conductive type provided on the surface of the substrate and spaced a predetermined distance from the first region, and a third region for setting the substrate and the second region at the same potential; wherein when a reverse voltage is applied between the substrate and the first region, the bypass function region forms a bypass circuit between the substrate and the first region using a depletion layer formed inside the substrate by the reverse voltage.

Abstract: A safety system for a fluid conduit comprising a fluid conduit having first and second ends, a first valve seat in a housing disposed at the first end of the conduit and a second valve seat in a housing disposed at the second end of the flexible fluid conduit. The first and second valve seats are positioned a first predetermined distance from each other. A first valve body is pivotally attached to the first housing at the first end of the flexible fluid conduit and a second valve body is pivotally attached to the second housing at the second end of the fluid conduit. The first and second valve seats are disposed between the first and second plurality of valve bodies, with the first and second valve bodies positioned a second predetermined distance from the first and second valve seats, respectively.

Abstract: A pressure relief apparatus includes a valve having a body. A shaft is rotatably disposed in the body and has an exterior end extending through the body. A plug, which may contain an internal passageway, is mounted on the shaft and is disposed in the fluid flowpath. The body is engageable with the system to expose the plug to the pressurized fluid so that the pressurized fluid acts on the plug to exert a torque on the shaft which is offset from the center line of the plug. The apparatus further includes a linkage assembly configured to translate the torque exerted on the shaft into an output force. A release device, such as a buckling pin or a magnet, is connected to the linkage assembly and is configured to release the shaft when the output force exceeds a predetermined limit. Preferably, the linkage assembly is adjustable to vary the magnitude of the output force corresponding to a given torque.

Abstract: A fluid distribution system for supplying a gas to a process facility such as a semiconductor manufacturing plant. The system includes a main fluid supply vessel coupled by flow circuitry to a local sorbent-containing supply vessel from which fluid, e.g., low pressure compressed gas, is dispensed to a fluid-consuming unit, e.g., a semiconductor manufacturing tool. A fluid pressure regulator is disposed in the flow circuitry or the main liquid supply vessel and ensures that the gas flowed to the fluid-consuming unit is at desired pressure. The system and associated method are particularly suited to the supply and utilization of liquefied compressed gases such as trimethylsilane, arsine, phosphine, and dichlorosilane.

Abstract: A spill containment system and method that contain leaks and spills from devices including but not limited to batteries. The system neutralizes and absorbs leaks and spills to prevent the leaks and spills from spreading. The system not only detects leaks, but also indicates whether a leak has occurred. The system can communicate with personnel or devices to raise an alarm or cause corrective measures to occur.

Abstract: An existing straight pipe 1 is cut off at two locations by rotating two seal-up housings 2 each mounted with a cutter 3, to form two cutoff groove 12C. A straight pipe portion 1p between the two cutoff grooves 12C remains left without retrieval, to impart a flexibility and contraction and expansion properties to a pipeline.

Abstract: A vent assembly that can be concealed when in a closed configuration is provided In one embodiment, the vent assembly comprises a base member and a guide member secured to a mounting surface of a duct or other passageway. A flexible rod is fixedly attached to the base member and slideably disposed within a channel defined by the guide member. A panel is disposed on or around the flexible rod and between the base and guide members. An actuator is able to deform the rod such that the panel moves away from the terminal opening of the duct, thereby opening the vent A fluid distribution system incorporating vent assemblies in accordance with the present invention is also provided.

Abstract: An instrument station in the form of a single-piece body is provided that incorporates ports for a flow measuring device or a piping accessory, including a thermometer, a drain valve, an air vent, a pressure or temperature transmitter, or other measuring device. A balancing type valve may be connected to the instrument station to allow the flow to be adjusted. The instrument station has an inner specific diameter and is attached to a pipe with an equal inner diameter. The pipe section typically has a length that is at least the sum of five inner specific diameters of the body of the instrument station.

Abstract: A magnet assembly is disclosed for use with a magnetic flux sensor to provide a position sensor adapted to detect a position of a moveable member. The magnet assembly comprises a magnet housing defining an inner surface. A magnet is provided that is sized for insertion into the magnet housing and adapted for movement with the moveable member, the magnet having a north pole and a south pole, wherein the magnet generates a magnetic flux. A centering ring is positioned between the magnet and the magnet housing, the centering ring including a biased wall acting to center the magnet in the magnet housing.

Abstract: A control valve system having a housing defining an inlet, an outlet and an exhaust. A first passage extends between the inlet and the outlet and a second passage extends between the outlet and the exhaust. A first plurality of valves are disposed within the first passage, wherein each of the first plurality of valves are movable between a deactuated position where the first passage is closed, an actuated position where the first passage is open, and an intermediate position where the first passage is partially open. A second plurality of valves are disposed within the second passage, wherein each of the second plurality of valves are movable between a deactuated position where the second passage is open, an actuated position where the second passage is closed, and an intermediate position where the second passage is partially open. A plurality of reset members are selectively engageable with the first plurality of valves.