Abstract: A table comprises a tabletop, joints, legs, a connecting device and auxiliary supporting devices, the tabletop is formed with pipes and rails, the rails are formed on two sides of each pipe, perpendicularly, and every two rails are connected by the joint, each joint is formed by a pair of blocks, with one block secured to the rail and the other block slidably attached to the rail, the legs are connected by the auxiliary supporting devices to support the tabletop.

Abstract: For reducing drag, the velocity of a tacking sailing vessel is increased by isolating the supporting member of the ballast bulb from the sea stream by a jacketing hollow rotatable fin.

Abstract: A device for floating a watercraft in a body of water with the watercraft having a water line is provided. The device comprises an inflatable first flotation bladder mountable adjacent the waterline and an inflatable second flotation bladder adjacent the first flotation bladder wherein upon inflation of the first flotation bladder and the second flotation bladder, the first flotation bladder directs the second flotation bladder in a general direction into the water.

Abstract: A kite sailboard system for a person includes a sitting board having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a cavity. The cavity has an opening on the upper surface where the person sits. The cavity has a sitting surface for the person to sit upon, located at the bottom of the cavity. A kite provides a motive impulse force to the person and the sitting board. There are one or more tether lines attached to the kite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inspection system for inspection of an object, comprising at least an image recording means carried by an inspector, a display unit, a storage unit and a contact free positioning unit. The storage unit is arranged to store at least an image taken by said imaged recording unit in relation to a position given by said positioning unit and/or a time index.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a wafer exhibiting high resistivity and high gettering effect while preventing the reduction of resistivity due to the generation of oxygen donors, and while further minimizing in-grown defects is provided by: a) using the CZ method to grow a silicon single crystal ingot having a resistivity of 100 &OHgr;·cm or more, preferably 1000 &OHgr;·cm, and an initial interstitial oxygen concentration of 10 to 40 ppma with a v/G ratio of from about 1×10−5 cm2/s·K to about 5×10−5 cm2/s·K, b) processing the ingot into a wafer, and c) subjecting the wafer to an oxygen precipitation heat treatment whereby the residual interstitial oxygen content in the wafer is reduced to about 8 ppma or less.

Abstract: An improved method of obtaining a wafer exhibiting high resistivity and high gettering effect while preventing the reduction of resistivity due to the generation of oxygen donors provided by: a) using the CZ method to grow a silicon single crystal ingot having a resistivity of 100 &OHgr;·cm or more, preferably 1000 &OHgr;·cm, and an initial interstitial oxygen concentration of 10 to 40 ppma while doping the crystal with an electrically inactive material such as nitrogen, carbon, or tin, b) processing the ingot into a wafer, and c) subjecting the wafer to an oxygen precipitation heat treatment whereby the residual interstitial oxygen content in the wafer is reduced to about 8 ppma or less.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electronic element having an electron function which acts even at room temperature using a super dielectric effect. The element has a crystalline electron system, and uses a perovskite crystal in the ground state of a “macroscopic quantum effect” which occurs when the electron number is defined, or nearly defined.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is disclosed a silicon single crystal wafer grown according to the CZ method which is a wafer having a diameter of 200 mm or more produced from a single crystal grown at a growth rate of 0.5 mm/min or more without doping except for a dopant for controlling resistance, wherein neither an octahedral void defect due to vacancies nor a dislocation cluster due to interstitial silicons exists as a grown-in defect, and a method for producing it.

Abstract: An improved method of obtaining a wafer exhibiting high resistivity while preventing the reduction of resistivity due to the generation of oxygen donors provided by: a) using the CZ method to grow a silicon single crystal ingot in the presence of a magnetic field, such crystal having a resistivity of 100 &OHgr;·cm or more and an initial interstitial oxygen concentration of 5 to 10 ppma and b) processing the ingot into a wafer.

Abstract: A high resistivity wafer which does not exhibit diminishing resistivity after device installation and method of making the high resistivity wafer comprising a) using the CZ method to grow a silicon single crystal ingot with a resistivity of 100 &OHgr;·cm or more, preferably 1000 &OHgr;·cm or more, and an initial interstitial oxygen concentration of 10 to 40 ppma, b) processing the ingot into a wafer, c) determining the total amount of heat treatment required to reduce the interstitial oxygen content of the wafer to about 8 ppma or less, d) determining the amount of heat treatment which will take place during the device fabrication process after wafer fabrication, e) subjecting the wafer to a partial oxygen precipitation heat treatment equivalent to the total amount of heat treatment, less the amount of heat treatment that will occur during device fabrication.

Abstract: A photonic crystal material and a method for producing such a material according to a predetermined, two-dimensional or three-dimensional porous template.

Abstract: A method for producing compound semiconductor quantum particles from at least a metallic element selected from Groups IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IVA, and VA of the Periodic Table and at least a non-oxygen reactant element selected from the group consisting of P, As, S, Se, and Te.

Abstract: An epitaxial growing method for a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film is described. A layer of lanthanum nickel oxide (LNO) thin film is grown on a substrate by an in-situ method, wherein the lattice structure of the lanthanum nickel oxide thin film is similar to the desired lattice structure of the PZT thin film. Moreover, the lattice parameters of the lanthanum nickel oxide thin film are also similar to the desired lattice parameters of the PZT thin film. A PZT thin film with the desired lattice structure is then epitaxially grown at low temperature on the LNO thin film at 350 degrees Celsius to 500 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for depositing layers by atomic layer deposition. A virtual shower curtain is established between the substrate support and chamber to minimize the volume in which the reactants are distributed. A showerhead may be used to allow closer placement of the substrate thereto, further reducing the reaction volume. Zero dead space volume valves with close placement to the chamber lid and fast cycle times also improve the cycle times of the process.

Abstract: A silica glass crucible is disclosed comprising a barium-doped inner wall layer. The crucible is made by introducing into a rotating crucible mold bulk silica grain to form a bulky wall. After heating the interior of the mold to fuse the bulk silica grains, an inner silica grain, doped with barium, is introduced. The heat at least partially melts the inner silica grain, allowing it to fuse to the wall to form an inner layer. The inner layer of the crucible crystallizes when used in a CZ process, extending the operating life of the crucible.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described that allow the high-throughput preparation, processing, and study of arrays of samples, each of which comprises at least one compound. Particular embodiments of the invention allow a large number of experiments to be performed in parallel on samples that comprised of one or more compounds on the milligram or microgram quantities of compounds. Other embodiments of the invention encompass methods and devices for the rapid screening of the results of such experiments, as well as methods and devices for rapidly determining whether or not similarities exist among groups of samples in an array. Particular embodiments of the invention encompass methods and devices for the high-throughput preparation of different forms of compounds (e.g., different crystalline forms), for the discovery of new forms of old compounds, and for the discovery of new methods of producing such forms.

Abstract: A shield for covering a robot arm such as in a paint spray booth is made of a porous foam material having high flow permeability. The shield includes a pair of integral straps which are connected to each other when the shield is mounted around the robot arm solely by a single set of fasteners. One end of the shield includes a cutout or dipped in portion for disbursing paint.

Abstract: A gas supplying apparatus of a system for fabricating semiconductor devices is tested for clogs. The gas supplying apparatus includes a carrier gas supplying device for supplying at least one carrier gas, and a plurality of reactive gas supplying devices connected in parallel to the carrier gas supplying device. The reactive gas supplying devices gasify the reactive gas carried by the carrier gas. A wafer, on which a desired layer is to be formed, is situated in a process chamber into which the reactive gas is supplied from the reactive gas supplying devices. The gas supplying apparatus also includes pressure detecing devices for detecting the pressure of the carrier gas near each of the reactive gas supplying devices. The carrier gas is supplied under a predetermined pressure to the reactive gas supplying devices. The reactive gas supplying device to be tested for clogs is rendered operational while the other reactive gas supplying devices are shut down.

Abstract: When an oxidation process for semiconductor wafers is carried out by a batch type furnace, the uniformity of the thickness of a film is intended to be improved so as to be capable of carrying out a low temperature process. In a system for feeding a mixed gas of hydrogen gas and water vapor into a reaction vessel to carry out a so-called wet oxidation, a ventilation resistance material is provided in an outside passage of a double-pipe passage for heating gas in an external combustion system, and a mixed gas of hydrogen gas and hydrogen chloride gas is passed through the ventilation resistance material to be heated to a process temperature or higher by means of the heater of the combustion system to previously produce a very small amount of water vapor to carry out a dry oxidation. When dinitrogen oxide gas is used for producing a nitrogen containing silicon oxide film, dinitrogen oxide gas is passed through the outside passage to be previously activated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for milking animals, having at least one teat cup for arranging on a teat of an udder of the animal a conduit connected to the teat cup for throughfeed of the milk milked with the teat cups to a storage and having a testing device for testing the milk, further having a pretreatment system which subjects the teats to a pretreatment, such as cleaning, and provides milk released herein or during the foremilking with the teat cup to the testing device.

Abstract: A wildlife feeder is provided comprising a housing for holding wildlife feed and a separable mounting subassembly for releasable attachment of the housing to a support structure. The housing comprises a base from which extend upstanding walls. The base has a peripheral skirt and an underside with anchor structures for placement of the free ends of a wire form wildlife perch structure. The wire form extends a predetermined distance out from the base outer periphery and is constrained from downward tilt with retention notches in the peripheral skirt. The mounting subassembly comprises a bracket having engagement elements for insertion into slots in the back wall of the housing. The engagement elements include releasable retention tabs so that the housing can easily be removed from the bracket for food resupplying, cleaning and repair. The bracket includes a hinged roof structure. When the housing is attached to the bracket, the roof rotatably encloses the housing open top.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pet food apparatus for protecting pet food containers from crawling insects. The food containers are located on an upper tray, elevated above a moat tray, which contains water or some other liquid or attractant. The liquid attracts the crawling insects that have come to the vicinity of the pet food apparatus and the insects get trapped in the liquid or other attractant. One or more vertical support structures support the upper tray above the moat tray. The support structures are configured to enable a user to set the height of the elevated tray relative to the moat tray or the ground. The elevated tray can also be configured with cutout or recessed sections to fit matching pet food bowls. A built-in water dispenser can automatically maintain the fluid level in the moat tray.

Abstract: Incubation device (10) has a structure wherein an incubation tank (11) and a separation tank (12) are put into communication with each other at the lowermost parts via a narrow communicating port (13). A side opening (14) is formed in the separation tank (12). The wall of the lower part of an upper housing part (12a) and of the entirety of a lower housing part (12b) of the separation tank (12) are formed from a colored, light-shielding material OP. Sea water (D) is housed in incubation tank (11) and the lower part of separation tank (12), freshwater (E) is housed in the upper part of the separation tank (12), and an interface (F) between the sea water (D) and the freshwater (E) is formed inside the separation tank (12). Brine shrimp larvae (2) hatch in the incubation tank (11) and upon moving into the separation tank (12), move from the light-shielded lower part towards the unshielded upper part and eventually swim outside into an aquarium tank from the side opening (14).

Abstract: A rawhide pet chew is made by folding a first sheet of rawhide around a second sheet of rawhide. The second sheet of rawhide is flavored to be appetizing to a pet, and the flavoring may impregnate the second sheet of rawhide. An edge of the second sheet of rawhide protrudes from under the first sheet to entice chewing and consumption of the pet chew by the pet. The first sheet of rawhide reduces opportunities for contact between the second sheet of rawhide and a decorative surface upon which the pet chew may rest.

Abstract: A pet collar with retractable leash allowing for continuous easy access of the leash handle to the pet owner.

Abstract: An engine cooling system for a work machine or the like having an engine with a turbocharger and an aftercooler. A separate circuit aftercooler cooling circuit is provided. A radiator assembly includes a first group of radiator cores and a second group of radiator cores. Some coolant cooled in the first group of radiator cores is passed from the radiator assembly to an engine cooling circuit. Another portion of coolant cooled in the first group of radiator cores is passed to the second group of radiator cores, for additional cooling thereof. From the second group of radiator cores, coolant is passed to the separate circuit aftercooler cooling circuit.

Abstract: Improved internal combustion engine, particularly, an improved two-stroke, diesel aircraft engine. The invention includes a new wrist pin/connecting rod connection, a new cooling system for fuel injectors, a new cylinder head cooling arrangement, a new cooling jacket cross-feed arrangement, and a new combustion seal arrangement.

Abstract: This invention is for a rotary engine which is composed of a housing(A) that has induction hole (10), exhaust hole (12), and ignition plug (14), and a rotation body (C) which is installed to possibly rotate around the axis of rotation (2) in the housing (A), and an oval gide part (D) which is located in the center of the rotation body (C) prominent from the housing (A), and a piston (B) which is installed to possibly rotate around the shaft stick (4) of the operation room (44) formed in the rotation body (C), and its tail (58) and front (59) circumscribes with the guide part (D), and a guide bar (8) which is connected and formed at edge of the shaft stick (4) of the piston (B) and the guide roller (62) at the edge inscribes with

Abstract: A description is given of a linear generator (1) comprising an induction system (2) consisting of coils (3i) and magnets (4i), to which a relative motion is imparted by the fact that the said coil or coils (3i) or the said permanent magnets (4i) move integrally with a piston (5) of an internal combustion engine (6) provided with return springs (10) having one end (10s) facing the interior of the head of the piston (5), in which the coils (3i) are fixed on a movable bell (7) coaxial with the cylinder (8), and the magnets (4i) are fixed on a second fixed bell (9) which is coaxial with the first bell (7), the latter being made integral with the said piston (5) by means of a hollow shaft (11) which is coaxial with the cylinder (8).

Abstract: A reciprocating engine having a housing (25), having at least two cylinders (3, 4; 5, 6) with inlet orifices and outlet orifices which are to be opened and are closable by means of controllable valves, in each of which cylinders (3, 4, 5, 6) a piston (7, 8, 9, 10) can be linearly reciprocated, and having at least one shaft (17) rotatingly mounted in the housing (25), comprises a gear device by means of which the linear reciprocation of the pistons (7, 8, 9, 10) is convertible into a rotary motion of the shaft (17), or the rotary motion of the shaft (17) is convertible into a linear reciprocation of the pistons (7, 8, 9, 10).

Abstract: The subject invention refers to an engine body for a crankcase scavenged two-stroke engine, comprising a cylinder (1) with a cylinder bore (2), and on opposite sides of the cylinder located, closed scavenging ducts (12a, 12b), as well as crankcase (10) with at least two crankcase parts, whereby the cylinder (1) and the crankcase (10) are connected to each other in a mutual parting plane (A) essentially perpendicular towards the longitudinal axis (B) of the cylinder bore (2). The engine body is characterized in that said scavenging ducts (12a, 12b) are having an essentially right-angled bend for, in said parting plane (A), running in a mutual direction around the periphery of the cylinder bore (2), whereby the scavenging ducts (12a, 12b), in level with the parting plane (A), comprise depressions (21a, 21b) in at least one of the either the cylinder (1) or the crankcase (10), as well as one connecting duct (14a, 14b) each, that connect each depression (21a, 21b) with the inner space of the crankcase (10).

Abstract: A two-cycle engine having forward scavenging is provided, as used in manually-guided implements. The mixture is drawn into the crankcase via a butterfly valve carburettor and is conveyed into a combustion chamber via transfer channels formed in the cylinder. An air duct is connected via a controllable connection with a transfer channel in order during a load state of the engine to supply essentially fuel-free air to the transfer channel. In order during idling and partial load to convey a fuel quantity adapted to the drawn-in air, yet during full throttle to achieve a separated supply of air and mixture, a dividing wall that extends in the direction of flow of air is provided in the intake duct of the carburettor. In the pivot region of the butterfly valve, a connecting aperture is provided in the dividing wall and is closed in full throttle by a completely open butterfly valve.

Abstract: This invention concerns a two-stroke cycle engine, more specially it concerns a two-stroke cycle engine using a preceding air-layer for scavenging. It has a scavenger passage connected to a branching scavenger passage opened to said scavenging port. The engine has a connecting passage to link the air passage and the fuel passages so that negative pressure in the air passage forces the fuel-air mixture in the fuel passage into said air passage. Further, the engine according to this invention has a removable guide with a surface forming a curved smooth channel which is attachable to the scavenger passage in the crankcase from the mounting surface, and forms a portion of said scavenger passage with the curved channel. The blow-up angle of the scavenger passage varies along the circumferential direction of the cylinder.

Abstract: The variable valve mechanism of a preferred embodiment of the invention includes a valve slidably mounted to move between a closed position and an open position, a cam rotatably mounted to push the valve from the closed position toward the open position, and an electromagnet adapted to selectively hold the valve in the open position. The variable valve mechanism acquires most of the benefits of a bi-directional electromagnetic arrangement (such as increased fuel economy, decreased start-up emissions, etc.), while avoiding most of the disadvantages (costs, NVH, etc.).

Abstract: Four preferred methods are disclosed for controlling an electromagnetic valve actuator having a valve head that moves between an open position and a closed position against a valve seat, an armature coupled to the valve head, and a solenoid coil near the armature. The preferred methods include: measuring the position of the armature, estimating the speed of the armature based on the measured position of the armature, computing a desired signal based on the measured position, the estimated speed, and a reference trajectory, and controlling the solenoid coil to softly seat the armature against the solenoid coil and the valve head against the valve seat based on the computed desired signal.

Abstract: The invention is based on an arrangement for the relative angle-of-rotation adjustment of a camshaft of an internal-combustion engine with respect to a driving wheel, having an interior part (4) non-rotatably connected with the camshaft (2), which interior part (4) has at least approximately radially extending webs or vanes (6a to 6e), and having a driven cell wheel (10) which has several cells distributed along the circumference and bounded by webs (12a to 12e), which cells are divided by the webs or vanes (6a to 6e) of the interior part (4) angularly movably guided in the cells into two pressure spaces (22a to 22e and 24a to 24e) respectively, when hydraulic pressure is admitted or removed from the pressure spaces (22a to 22e and 24a to 24e respectively) by way of control lines, the camshaft being rotatable by way of the webs or vanes between two end positions relative to the cell wheel (10), the interior part (4) being laterally bounded by two cover elements (14, 16) connected with the cell wheel.

Abstract: The invention relates to an actuator (5) which is impinged by a force in one end position and is displaced into the other end position by an adjusting device (54) that is controlled using a pulse duration modulated signal. According to said invention, if a quasi-stationary condition is identified, in which despite repeated control intervention the actual position of the actuator lies outside a targeted range around the desired position, the retaining pulse duty factor which is used by the adjusting device (54) to maintain the actuator (5) in one position is modified based on the distance from the desired position. If a drift is identified, the drift behaviour is determined and the retaining pulse duty factor is modified according to said drift behaviour.

Abstract: A sheet metal rocker arm manufactured by the steps of punching one metal plate to form a blank having a predetermined contour and through holes, and subjecting this blank to a bending work based on a press work to form a pair of side walls parallel to each other and a connecting portion for connecting the both ends of the side walls in the width direction thereof. This rocker arm is also provided with at least a pair of though holes formed at positions which are aligned with each other on the both side walls and at least one engagement portion provided in a part of the connecting portion. The thickness of at least one engagement portion, is formed to be greater than the thickness of the both side walls.

Abstract: An engine has variable-valve mechanisms. An engine control system has an engine control unit for executing automatic stop and start control. At an automatic-stop, the variable-valve mechanisms are controlled to obtain a valve operation characteristic suitable for a restart of the engine. When a catalyst is in an inactivated state, the variable-valve mechanisms are controlled to reduce the amount of residual gas leaking out from cylinders. At an automatic-start, the control of the variable-valve mechanism is prohibited and an intake air is adjusted by using a throttle valve. At an automatic-stop, the engine speed is abruptly reduced so that the engine speed passes through a resonant revolution speed area in a short period of time. When the voltage of a battery is low, the control of the variable-valve mechanism may be prohibited.

Abstract: An intake manifold for an internal combustion engine, being variable in an intake length, comprising: a first volume chamber disposed in a downstream side of a throttle valve for controlling an intake air passing through an air-cleaner; first independent intake passages being divided from said first volume chamber for guiding the air within said first volume chamber into each of cylinders; second independent intake passages joining and conducting to each of said first independent intake passages, each of which is provided for said each of cylinders respectively; a second volume chamber conducting to all of said second independent intake passages; and valves being provided in said independent intake passages for conducting/shutting off between said second volume chambers and said first independent intake passage, wherein said first independent intake passage and said first volume chamber are built up with a plural number of synthetic resin molded members, and said second independent intake passage surrounding

Abstract: A rotary valve assembly for an internal combustion engine includes a rotatable tubular valve body having a pair of diametrically opposed fluid flow holes that are intermittently aligned with the intake and inlet port of the cylinder as the body rotates. The valve assembly is consequently closed and generally blocks fluid flow to the cylinder when the holes of the valve body are not aligned with the intake and inlet port. The valve assembly includes a valve timing adjuster for permitting selective adjustment of the time during which the valve is open. The timing adjuster includes an inner cylindrical core and an intermediate sleeve positioned concentrically between the core and valve body. The core has a diametrically extending flow-through opening and the intermediate sleeve has a pair of diametrically opposed apertures. The engine is preferably provided with a similar rotary valve assembly in the exhaust. A unique rotary valve seal is also disclosed.

Abstract: A balancer shaft assembly for an engine comprises a housing mountable on the engine block, and rotatably supporting at least one balancer shaft (16,18; 16′,18′) connectable for rotation with the engine crankshaft. The housing is formed in two parts (12,14; 12′,14′) and defines pillar blocks (30) for journalling the or each balancer shaft (16,18; 16′,18′). A groove (28; 28′) is formed in the split plane of at least one of the two mating parts (12; 12′) of the housing, which groove (28; 28′) when the parts (12,14; 12′,14′) are mated to one another defines an oil gallery by way of which lubricant is supplied to the pillar blocks (30) supporting the or each balancer shaft (16,18; 16′,18′).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes hydraulically-controlled cylinder deactivation and has an engine block with a plurality of cylinders formed therein. At least one-half of the cylinders are deactivatable by collapsible lifters. An individual hydraulic circuit module is positioned adjacent each deactivatable cylinder. Each hydraulic circuit module includes a valve and is configured to receive a supply of oil from the engine block and to selectively provide pressurized oil to the respective collapsible lifters for cylinder deactivation. A solid cover plate is positioned adjacent each cylinder which is not deactivatable.

Abstract: An engine particularly suited to single speed operation environments, such as stationary power generators. The engine includes a plurality of combustion cylinders operable under homogenous charge compression ignition, and at least one combustion cylinder operable on spark ignition concepts. The cylinder operable on spark ignition concepts can be convertible to operate under homogenous charge compression ignition. The engine is started using the cylinders operable under spark ignition concepts.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine and a corresponding device are described, reference pulses (45) being generated synchronously with respect to the cyclical movement of at least one part of the internal combustion engine. At least one event moment for the occurrence of at least one event is calculated by an output unit (24) at specific, definitively preset time intervals of the cyclical movement. Moreover, an independent clock-pulse generator (25) is provided which generates clock pulses, the interval of the clock pulses being independent of the movement, and the interval of the clock pulses being smaller than the intervals of the reference pulses. The at least one event moment is expressed as the number of clock pulses of the independent clock-pulse generator, and the at least one event is triggered upon reaching the number of clock pulses.

Abstract: A method for compensating for faulty adaptations of the pilot control of fuel metering for an internal combustion engine which is operated in the at least two different operating modes, homogeneous mode and stratified charge mode, is described with mixture regulation and adaptation of mixture regulation taking place in homogeneous mode; switching taking place between the operating modes, depending on a desired operating mode which is determined from a plurality of operating mode requirements; each of the operating mode requirements being assigned a priority; the desired operating mode being determined depending on the priorities of the operating mode requirements; switching to homogeneous mode with the activation of the adaptation momentarily taking place, even outside the normal starting conditions of the adaptation, and a deviation of the adaptation quantity from its neutral value during the short-time activation being evaluated as a suspected error, with the engine control program elevating the priority of

Abstract: When a large load is exerted during restraint control of an engine of a jet propulsion boat, the drop of the engine revolution frequency causes a feeling of harsh braking. An engine revolution frequency control apparatus provided to prevent this problem includes a engine revolution frequency detector for detecting an engine revolution frequency, and threshold value setting units for setting first and second engine revolution frequency threshold values. The second threshold value is set to be higher than the first threshold value. An engine control unit includes an overspeed governing capability that starts restraint control for restraining rotation when the engine revolution frequency detected by the engine revolution frequency detector is more than said first threshold value when the engine is accelerating, and terminates restraint control when the engine revolution frequency is less than a second thresholds value during deceleration.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a variable displacement internal combustion engine having dedicated actuators associated with a group or bank of cylinders pre-positions actuators associated with the deactivated cylinders based on operating conditions associated with the activated cylinders to reduce torque excursions during reactivation. In one embodiment, a variable cam timing mechanism associated with the deactivated bank of cylinders is pre-positioned to achieve the stead state air charge based on engine speed and manifold pressure of the activated cylinders.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston engine comprising an engine block that contains several cylinders. The inventive piston engine also comprises a fresh-gas supply device that is provided with several supply pipes (1) which are arranged on the cylinders and are fixed to the engine block. Said piston engine further comprises a fuel injection system that is provided with a high-pressure supply line (5) which is allocated to the cylinders. The aim of the invention is to fix the supply pipes (1) and the high-pressure supply line (5) to the engine block in a simpler manner. Holding-down clamps (7) for the supply pipes (1) are configured on the high-pressure supply line (5) in such a way that the high-pressure supply line (5) fixes the supply pipes (1) to the engine block.