Abstract: In order to render the value of the fluorescent X-ray strength Ia2 of a standard sample 2 multiplied by the ratio PF1/PF2 between respective grading coefficients of standard samples 1 and 2 to approach the value of the fluorescent X-ray strength Ia1 of the standard sample 1, specific glancing angles øa* and øb* are determined. The abundance of a substance of interest is determined from fluorescent X-ray strengths Ia3 and Ib3 of a sample to be measured that is irradiated at the determined specific glancing angles øa* and øb*, to thereby provide an accurate determination of the abundance of the substance of interest.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to achieve an X-ray irradiation region of arbitrary size without enlarging the area of a collimator section. An X-ray analyzer comprises an X-ray generating section for generating primary X-rays, an X-ray detection section for detecting secondary X-rays from a sample, and a collimator section for restricting primary X-rays irradiated to the sample, the collimator section being provided with two X-ray shields having at least one L-shaped edge, the two X-ray shields being aligned so as to form a rectangular or square opening. Mechanisms are provided for moving the two X-ray shields so that the shape and size of the X-ray irradiation region can be changed.

Abstract: A method and associated apparatus are given for the efficient and effective thorough inspection and remote examination of the contents of metal container cargo. This involves the use of a non-metallic box which fits inside a normal freight container and with securable doors to allow normal packing and removal of cargo. An attached handle would facilitate its withdrawal onto a platform during examination and for subsequent re-insertion into the metal container. An associated yoke containing an array of sensing devices and observation instruments is positioned at the platform to determine the contents non-invasively.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the transportation, remote and unattended mounting, and visual alignment and monitoring of protein crystals for synchrotron generated x-ray diffraction analysis. The protein samples are maintained at liquid nitrogen temperatures at all times: during shipment, before mounting, mounting, alignment, data acquisition and following removal. The samples must additionally be stably aligned to within a few microns at a point in space. The ability to accurately perform these tasks remotely and automatically leads to a significant increase in sample throughput and reliability for high-volume protein characterization efforts. Since the protein samples are placed in a shipping-compatible layered stack of sample cassettes each holding many samples, a large number of samples can be shipped in a single cryogenic shipping container.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for generating a volume dataset of a subject taking a movement of the subject into consideration, a referencing base is arranged at the subject, so that the positions and the orientations of the referencing base can be acquired during a registration of a series of 2D projections of the subject. The volume dataset of the subject is generated on the basis of the series of 2D projections as well as based on the deviations of the positions and of the orientations of the referencing base from a fixed reference position of the referencing base that are determined for all 2D projections of the series.

Abstract: A system for dental x-ray examinations includes an image receptor, and a holder removably bonded to the image receptor by an adhesive coating. The system for dental x-ray examinations provides the clinician with a greater freedom of positioning and thereby improves upon the effectiveness of x-ray examinations, as well as upon patient comfort.

Abstract: A device 10 for aligning a patient for delivering a plurality of radiation beams comprising a patient support surface 12, a coarse alignment subsystem 14 connected to the patient support surface, and a fine alignment subsystem connected to the patient support surface 16. A method of aligning a patient for delivering a plurality of radiation beams from a plurality of device positions comprising compensating for flexion of a radiation beam delivery device within a gantry during movement of the radiation beam delivery device from a first device position to a second device position by using a set of predetermined data describing the flexion behavior of the radiation beam delivery device so that the target tissue within the patient is placed at the beamline center for the radiation beam delivery device at the second device position.

Abstract: A telephone call screening system screens telephone calls placed to a subscriber based upon a preferred caller database established by the subscriber from a networked caller registry database. A caller registration system allows callers to select a private identifier unique to the caller and registers the callers in a caller registry database. The subscriber establishes the preferred caller database by connecting to the caller registration system and selecting the preferred callers. The private identifiers associated with the selected preferred callers are then stored in the preferred caller database. When a caller calls the subscriber, the caller is asked to enter the caller's private identifier. A caller disposition process is initiated based on whether the private identifier is in the preferred caller database.

Abstract: The call screener employs a telephone system interface connected between a telephone network and a telephone device of a user. The interface selectively routes calls (and refrain from routing calls) based on the results from the dialogue system. The dialogue system elicits speech from an incoming caller and causes the telephone system interface to route calls from the incoming caller based on a comparison of the elicited speech with a set of stored speaker models. The stored speaker models may be maintained automatically by the system, using either a passive mode, in which calls exceeding a predetermined duration are assumed to be “acceptable” callers; and a proactive mode in which the system prompts the user at the end of the call to elect whether to save the speech models developed during that call in the acceptable user database.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a telephone caller information assistance such as driving directions from a starting location to a destination location. To obtain information assistance, the caller places a telephone call to access the system. If the geographical location of the caller can be determined by an automatic location identification system it is displayed on an operator console where the caller's request is transferred to be handled by a live operator. The operator receives the caller's destination request and queries the system for the street route driving instructions to the requested destination. After obtaining the street route driving instructions, the call can be transferred to an audio box having an interactive user interface capable of replaying the desired information to the caller. In an illustrative embodiment, the interactive user interface is capable providing functions to stop, start, pause, and replay the information to the caller.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel system, method and apparatus for managing voicemails over a wireless local loop. The system provides for the placement of a voicemail client local to the subscriber and a voicemail server at the base station. The voicemail server and voicemail client cooperate with the base station to determine appropriate times to transfer voicemails over the WLL and thereby free-up bandwidth on the WLL for higher priority traffic, such as voice calls. Another embodiment of the invention provides a method for receiving voicemails utilizing the system. Yet another embodiment provides a method for delivery of voicemails from a caller to destination subscriber. Various prioritization criteria can be used to provided desired utilization of bandwidth.

Abstract: A technique for allowing an automated participant in a telephone conversation, such as an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system or a voice browser, to react to the placing of the conversation “on hold.” When a conversation between an automated participant and a human participant is placed on hold, a signal is provided to the automated participant indicating that the voice circuit between the two participants has been broken. In response to the signal, the automated participant may take appropriate action, such as suspending its participation in the conversation, extending the time for which it awaits a response from the human participant, continuing the conversation in a “visual” mode using the keypad and display on the human participant's handset, or some other appropriate action.

Abstract: A request to retrieve a message directed to the user receiving from a user at an electronic device. The message has one of at least two different presentation modes by which it may be revealed to the user at the electronic device. The message is retrieved using one of at least two different communication networks depending on a presentation mode by which the message may be revealed.

Abstract: A method and system for transmitting a facsimile message uses a public-switched telecommunications network, the public-switched telecommunication network having a messaging platform capable of storing a plurality of facsimile messages. The initiation of a telephone call to a destination is detected, the content of the call including the facsimile message. If the destination is available at a first time to receive a telephone call, the facsimile message is transmitted. The facsimile message may be stored on the messaging platform only if the destination is unavailable at the first time, or every time a telephone call is initiated by the originating party. The method also provides for situations where a telephone call is redirected, where an inter-NPA seven digit dialing case has occurred, and where “busy” or “no_answer” triggers are implemented. If the facsimile message was stored, the facsimile message is transmitted at a second time if the destination is available.

Abstract: A method (30), a telecommunication device (10) and a software product for implementing a method (30) on a telecommunication device (10) are presented, whereby the method (30) comprises steps for providing a telecommunication device (10) with a call-number directory (20) assigning calling party identifications (23) to defined call-number representations (22), matching (S32, S34) a call-number of a calling party with the call-number representations (24, 26) in the call-number directory (20) and, in case a generic call-number representation (26) in the call-number directory (20) matches a number sequence of the call-number of a calling party, outputting the calling party identification (27) assigned to the generic call-number representation (26).

Abstract: To extract part of a large volume of traffic and adjust the total volume of traffic dynamically. When a communication request is originated from a telecommunications apparatus, a communications control unit makes an inquiry to a service control unit. The service control unit screens originators based on originators' attribute information in its possession and service contract information. Then, based on the results of screening, it sends back to the communications control unit instructions to reroute subsequent calls. The communications control unit connects to the information processing unit based on the reply from the service control unit and transfers information. Thus, only the communication requests which satisfy predetermined criteria are connected. The information processing unit compiles statistics on the transferred information based on attribute information in its possession. The statistics are transferred to the information providing unit and to the information processing unit.

Abstract: A computer operating system and arrangement by which a web site owner can control the receipt of telephone and other messages by providing menus of callers from which communication will be accepted in various manners if it is to be accepted at all. Such menus are easily altered by the web site owner in a multitude of formats and enables the one who is to receive calls to closely control from whom and in what manner he or she will accept calls from outside parties. In one embodiment of the invention the means or lists can be changed through a cell phone hook-up with the web site.

Abstract: A telecommunication screening system for screening phone calls prior to initiating an incoming call signal and for tracking the number of screened calls. The telecommunication screening system includes a device connectable to a phone line between an outlet and a telephone. The device would answer an incoming call and play a message identifying calls that are unwelcome then offer to pass the call through to the phone upon entry of a requested number by the caller. Upon input of the requested number, a signal will be sent through to the phone to ring the phone and connect the caller upon a user answering the phone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a telecommunications exchange (1) and a method for handling call diversions such that emergence of so-called trombone connections is avoided. According to the inventive telecommunications exchange (1) and method, trombone connections are avoided by means of changing a diversion of calls placed to a first extension number (No(V)) in the exchange, from being diverted to a second remote extension number (No(A)), which is used to set up a data connection (15), to instead be diverted to a predetermined third extension number (No(S)). An advantage of the present invention is that connections that previously unnecessarily used three trunk channels, by means of the invention instead are set up on a single trunk channel. Thereby available trunk resources are utilized more efficiently in a telecommunications system.

Abstract: A networking system includes telephone switches and data network gateways for routing calls either over the public telephone network or over the packet switched data network. A router examines initiated calls and selects either the telephone network or a data network for completing the call. A Network Operations Center (NOC) monitors the performance of plural gateways, and updates routing information in the router and/or in the gateways, which may be used for future calls.

Abstract: In order to indicate a numbering plan to be used, an indicator is defined, by which a subscriber can indicate whether the subscriber's home numbering plan (203) or a serving network numbering plan (206) is used when routing a call. The indicator preferably indicates the use of the home numbering plan, in which case a telephone number without an indicator uses the serving network numbering plan.

Abstract: An automated method for servicing a plurality of work items within committed times. A workflow including two or more work activities is assigned for each of the plurality of work items and a commitment is assigned either to each workflow or to each work item in each workflow. Queued work items are automatically assigned to a next available agent based on an activity state. A short-term predictor provides early detection of work items that are at risk of failing to meet their commitments. A long-term predictor detects backlogs of work items where excessive delays in queue are likely to put work items at risk of failing to meet their commitments. An activity's state can also cause additional reserve and backup agents to be assigned to it, to service work items from its queue before their commitments are missed.

Abstract: An apparatus for routing and mapping a wiring system includes a wire routing system adapted to facilitate the routing of wires about a structure and a wire labeling system that permits labeling of each wire routed utilizing the wire routing system. The wire routing system includes a 2,3,4 module, a standard module, and a master module adapted to receive a connection from a communication service provider and output signals received from the communication service provider to any one of or all of the 2,3,4 module, the standard module, and end user devices. The apparatus for routing and mapping a wiring system further includes a wire management panel, whereby the wire labeling system attaches to the wire management panel and includes and a room label section, a wall label section, a box number label section, and a plate identifier label section.

Abstract: Disclosed is a private branch exchange (PBX) that offers high efficiency in wiring cables, at the same time, protects cables in highly safety manner. The PBX includes a PBX section and a casing that covers and holds the PBX section. The casing contains an inner-bottom plate, a support column, and a pedestal. Cables for connections with external circuitry can be connected to the PBX section on the front side of the interior of the casing. The inner-bottom plate holds the bottom of the portion of the casing on which the PBX section is accommodated. The support column is disposed on the lower surface of the inner-bottom plate. Disposed beneath the support column, the pedestal holds the entire of the casing. The support column has a curved surface on the front side, protecting cables wired between the inner-bottom plate and the pedestal.

Abstract: Driver circuit for at least one subscriber terminal, comprising a first driver (14) for amplifying the power of a direct-voltage signal applied for supplying power to the subscriber terminal, the first driver (14) being supplied by a first supply voltage (V1), and comprising a second driver (37; 37a, 37b), following the first driver, for modulating high-frequency signal currents onto the power-amplified direct-voltage signal.

Abstract: An active noise attenuation system includes a speaker, and a microphone. The microphone detects a combination of sound from the speaker and noise in the system. The resulting noise is compared with a reference signal. The reference signal is a desired signal for the system. The combination of the reference signal and the desired signal results in a correction signal. The system of this invention includes first and second reference signal generation paths. A first path generates a signal according to a multiplier and a digital model the system. The second path generates an absolute sound pressure level according to engine rpm. The absolute sound pressure level provides a reference signal for shaping sound at orders of inconsistent or undetectable engine sound.

Abstract: A system for generating number tones for dialing a telephone device. The system comprises a socket assembly, at least one button assembly, and a converter. The socket assembly defines at least one socket. Each button assembly comprises a memory device for storing a sequence of numbers and a switch device. The converter generates a DTMF signal comprising a sequence of DTMF tones. Operation of the switch device causes the converter to generate the DTMF signal based on the sequence of numbers stored by the memory device. The socket assembly electrically connects the converter to the telephone device.

Abstract: The invention concerns a cryptography method for generating probabilistic digital signatures and/or for a key-exchange a protocol and/or for an encryption algorithm, said method being based on the use of a public key algorithm on abnormal binary elliptic curve (E) (Koblitz curve) whereon a point P (x, y) is selected, pairs (ki, Pi) being stored with Pi the point corresponding to the scalar multiplication of the point P by ki, said method comprising steps which consist in generating a random variable (k) and in calculating a point C corresponding to the scalar multiplication of P by k (C=k.P). The invention is characterised in that the generation of said random variable (k) and the calculation of the point C are performed simultaneously.

Abstract: A computer system and method generates a random output stream of bits. The system comprises an initial evolving state produced from one or more initial keys, one or more round functions, and one or more mask tables. Each round function is part of a step in a sequence of steps. Each step applies the respective round function to a current evolving state to produce a respective new evolving state for processing by the next step in the sequence. The first step in the sequence starts b processing the initial evolving state. The mask tables are produced from one or more of the initial keys. Each of the mask tables has one or more masks. The masks are combined, in each respective step, with the respective new evolving state in a combination operation to create a respective step output. The random output stream bits is a concatenation of each of the respective step outputs.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a digital data transforming method. The method solves the problems of low encoding efficiency and increasing the network load when prepared to transmit enciphered e-mails or any 8-bit data sequence. The key technology is designing a “base-91 encoding” general bit strings to printable ASCII characters which is also referred to base91 encoding or Radix-91 encoding. Combined with Internet standard SMTP, MIME, S/MIME etc., the present invention can reduce 7.7 % of transmitted data or storage demand in place of Base64 encoding; and reduce 58.97 % of transmitted data or storage demand in place of QP encoding which processes the byte data with the high bit being 1. The present invention is applied in enciphering the Internet e-mails and transmitting or storing the compressed data.

Abstract: A sequence generator for generating a pseudo random sequence for random number generation or a stream cipher engine includes a plurality of linear feedback shift registers operable to generate a plurality of binary sequences. A plurality of nonlinear functions having the binary sequences as their input and operable to generate a second plurality of binary sequences. There are at least two switches and a controller including a shift register operable to control said first and second switches. The first switch is operative to select one of the second plurality of binary sequences to the first bit of the shift register, and the second switch is operative to select one of said second plurality of binary sequences to the output of the sequence generator.

Abstract: A copyright protection system includes a recording device and a reproduction device. The recording device writes encrypted content, an encrypted content key for decrypting the encrypted content, and license information on a recording medium on which a unique media number has been recorded in an unrewritable state. The license information is generated using both the media number and the encrypted content key, and therefore reflects both values. The reproduction device reads the media number, the encrypted content key, and the license information from the recording medium, and judges whether the license information reflects both the media number and the encrypted content key. Only if the license information reflects both values, the reproduction device decrypts the encrypted content key, and decrypts the encrypted content using the content key. In this way, the copyright protection system allows only original recording media to be reproduced, and prohibits reproduction of copy recording media.

Abstract: A content including replay condition information is encrypted using first key information while being recorded to a recording medium. The first key information is encrypted using the replay condition information and second key information while being recorded to the recording medium together with the replay condition information. The replay condition information and the first key information are read from the recording medium, and the first key information is decrypted using the replay condition information and the second key information. The content read from the recording medium is decrypted using the decrypted first key information.

Abstract: A selective encryption encoder consistent with certain embodiments of the invention has vertical and/or horizontal stripes encrypted. In one embodiment, packets are examined in the digital video signal to identify a specified packet type, the specified packet type being packets carrying data representing a video slice wherein the video slice contains a larger amount of data than a threshold (or a subsequent slice). The packets identified as being of the specified packet type are encrypted using a first encryption method to produce first encrypted packets. These first encrypted packets are then used to replace the unencrypted packets in the digital video signal to produce a partially encrypted video signal. The packets of the specified type can also be multiple encrypted and replaced in the data stream to produce a multiple encrypted video data stream.

Abstract: An encoding apparatus that embeds a watermark in host data is provided. A multiplexer generates a plurality of bit sequences by adding initial data to the head of the watermark. A scrambler scrambles a plurality of the bit sequences respectively and generates a plurality of scrambled watermarks. An embedder embeds a plurality of the scrambled watermarks in the host data and generates a plurality of candidate watermarked host data. A signal-to-noise ratio calculator evaluates the robustness of the watermarks hidden in the respective candidate watermarked host data. A selector selects one candidate that has the highest level of the robustness as a final watermarked host data.

Abstract: A selective encryption encoder consistent with certain embodiments of the invention has vertical and/or horizontal stripes encrypted. In one embodiment, packets are examined in the digital video signal to identify a specified packet type, the specified packet type being both packets carrying intra-coded data representing a pattern of horizontal stripes across an image and packets carrying intra-coded data representing a pattern of vertical stripes across an image. The packets identified as being of the specified packet type are encrypted using a first encryption method to produce first encrypted packets. These first encrypted packets are then used to replace the unencrypted packets in the digital video signal to produce a partially encrypted video signal. The packets of the specified type can also be multiple encrypted and replaced in the data stream to produce a multiple encrypted video data stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of encrypting optical images using binarization or phase only information is presented with a number of ways to secure the image also being provided. An image to be encrypted is first multiplied by a random phase function. The Fourier transform of the product of the image and the random phase function is then multiplied by another random phase function in the Fourier (or Fresnel) domain. Taking the inverse Fourier (or Fresnel) transform, an encrypted image in the output plane is obtained. Alternatively, the image to be encrypted can be phase encoded and then encrypted to provide an extra level or security. The image can be secured using one key in the Fourier or Fresnel domain followed by phase extraction. This encrypted image may then binarized, which may include binarizing the phase-only part of the encrypted image. The use of binarization enables ease of implementation and data compression while still providing recovery of images having good quality.

Abstract: The invention concerns an optoelectronic component capable of emitting light pulses containing a single photon comprising an optical resonant cavity (100) and a photon-emitting unit (250) placed in said optical cavity (100), a single one of the transmitters (250) having a transmission frequency substantially equal to the resonance frequency (M) of the cavity (100). The invention is characterised in that the set of transmitters (250) has a spectral distribution having a concentration of frequencies of transmitters (250) in a given frequency (P) and the cavity (100) is designed to have a resonance frequency (M) sufficiently far from said concentration frequency (P) for the number of transmitters (250) having a transmission frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency (M) of the cavity (100) to be close to one.

Abstract: A bar code system is composed of a bar code display device 100 and a bar code reader 110. The bar code display device 100 has a operation unit 101 which divides transfer information to be transmitted into a plurality of pages of divisional information, converts them into bar codes, and successively displays the bar codes on a display unit 104. The bar code reader 110 has a operation unit 111 which converts bar codes successively read by a scanner 116 into divisional information, connects the divisional information, and restores the divisional information into transfer information.

Abstract: A system and method for ultra-secure communication and or storage of information by encryption comprising the steps of: (a) providing one or more electronic devices at one or more locations with each electronic device having: (i) memory; (ii) a processor; (iii) at least one unpredictable sequence of numbers available from memory while encryption and decryption is being performed.

Abstract: The verification system of this invention comprises an image forming apparatus 1 having verification function and a card reader 2 for reading a user ID from a card. The image forming apparatus 1 is capable of performing short-range radio communication with a portable instrument 3. The portable instrument 3 receives a polling command transmitted by the image forming apparatus 1 and sends back its own identification code if it is located near the image forming apparatus 1. The image forming apparatus 1 permits usage of all the functions thereof if it verifies that user is an officially permitted person according to user ID read by the card reader 2 and the identification code sent back from the portable instrument 3. Consequently, there is provided a verification system having a high security level and convenient for use or a verification system which permits usage of its apparatus and other related devices within an appropriate range depending on the security level of a verified method.

Abstract: In a communications system, the subscriber data in a home network (HLR) of a subscriber (UE) is provided with a subscriber ciphering profile which indicates whether an unciphered call, session or data packet is to be rejected, accepted or handled in some other manner. A serving network (MSC/VLR, SGSN,UTRAN) checks the subscriber ciphering profile in one or more of the following cases: 1) for each setup of an unciphered call or connection, 2) for each unciphered packet switched data transmission session, or 3) for each packet data transmission originating from subscriber equipment, and rejects or accepts the unciphered call, connection, session, or data packet, respectively, according to the subscriber ciphering profile. As a result, unciphered calls, sessions, or packet data transmissions will be reliably rejected if the network operator or the user sets the subscriber ciphering profile accordingly.

Abstract: A method of data encryption including the steps of: obtaining a plurality of sub-keys from a secure long key; and generating an ecryption key from the sub-keys by; i) assigning a significance to each sub-key from most significant to least significant; ii) using bit values obtained from a given position of each sub-key to determine a bit of the encryption key; iii) rotating the bit values of the least significant sub-key; iv) repeating steps ii) and iii) a predetermined number of times and then rotating a next most significant sub-key, and v) repeating steps ii), iii) and iv) for one or more of the sub-keys in order of increasing significance.

Abstract: A set of users is divided into subsets, and a decipher key is generated for each subgroup by using different key generation polynomials. A session key, that is, a decipher key for ciphered data is distributed so as to be deciphered with the decipher key of each user. Decipher keys of an arbitrary number of users can be revoked. On confiscating a pirate deciphering unit, the black-box tracing is performed by assuming users subject to revocation to be suspects. The tracer assumes the suspects, and investigates the suspects n times (n being the total number of users), so that all pirates in a coalition can be identified.

Abstract: Security key distribution techniques using key rollover strategies for wireless networks are described. A number of keys are generated, usually by an access point. The present invention allows a standard mode and a mixed mode. In standard mode, each device on the network supports automatic key updates. In mixed mode, one or more devices on the wireless network require fixed keys. In both modes, a predetermined number of keys are determined and communicated to client devices that are accessing the wireless network. The predetermined number is determined so that a client device can miss a certain number of authentication periods without losing communication with the wireless network. Preferably, transmit keys used by an access point are different than the transmit keys used by the client devices that support automatic key updates.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an audio signal adjusting apparatus for respectively adjusting a plurality of raw audio signals to produce a plurality of adjusted audio signals, comprising: audio signal adjusting means for respectively adjusting said raw audio signals to produce said adjusted audio signals, and to be operably connected with a plurality of loudspeakers for respectively producing a plurality of audio sounds in a specific sound space, said audio sounds being respectively indicative of said adjusted audio signals, and collectively originated from at least one imaginary sound source having a width, said imaginary sound source being imagined to produce said audio sounds at a location spaced apart from each of said loudspeakers; location control signal producing means for producing a location control signal indicative of said location of said imaginary sound source; controlling means for controlling said audio signal adjusting means to allow each of said raw audio signals to be adjusted by said audio signal adj

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of processing an input sound signal (ISS) into at least one output signal (OS) by means of a room simulation processing (RSP) said method comprising the steps of processing the input sound signal into at least two sound signal components (SSC1, SSC2, SSC3, SSC4), each sound signal component (SSC1, SSC2, SSC3, SSC4) representing room simulation of said input signal (ISS) when having a predefined directivity pattern (PDP1, PDP2, PDP3, PDP4), at least two of said predefined directivity patterns (PDP1, PDP2, PDP3, PDP4) being mutually different, and combining said at least two sound signal components (SSC1, SSC2, SSC3, SSC4) into a resulting room simulation. According to the invention, improved room simulation quality has been obtained by means of only little signal processing capacity.

Abstract: An air induction system for an internal combustion engine utilizes localized heat generation to produce a desired acoustic profile that attenuates noise propagated through the air induction system. The noise propagated through the air induction system varies over time to form a variable noise profile. A heat generating mechanism, such as a laser array or electric spark generator, produces a predetermined amount of heat within a localized area adjacent to an inlet to the air duct housing. The predetermined amount of heat is an amount of heat sufficient to produce a desired acoustic energy as a result of rapid air expansion at the localized area. A controller varies the predetermined amount of heat over time to produce a desired acoustic profile that cancels the variable noise profile.

Abstract: A resonator for noise damping in a sound-conducting tubular channel (2) is provided with an actively controllable sound generator (4) which is arranged in a resonator chamber (12) to generate interference noise (16) to be superimposed on the tubular channel noise. The resonator chamber (12) is connected via a sound-transmitting opening in a tube wall (3) of the tubular channel (2) to the inside of the tubular channel. A measurement signal from a sound sensor (8) arranged in the tubular channel (2), containing information about the sound spectrum in the channel, is connected amplified, to the sound generator (4) with the same frequency and with inverse phase position. To amplify the active suppression of the sound level by the resonator with a resonator of the smallest possible overall size, the sound-transmitting opening in the tube wall is constructed as a peripheral annular gap in the tube wall.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for use with communications equipment to provide privacy for the operator and reduce acoustic noise from the operator's voice in the area. The device uses active acoustic cancellation to silence the voice of the operator once past, and captured by the microphone. Embodiments include the all types of microphones for any type of telephone, transmitting radio, intercom or other communication devices where a operator speaks out loud to communicate with another location.