Abstract: In a method for operating a computer system, in particular in a personal computer system (1), and a related computer system an operating system (320, 421, 422) is provided for running at least one application or service (340, 341, 342, 441, 442). Personal managing information (350, 351, 352) is generated and stored which gives information about the user's availability, the user's temporal management, and/or the user's spatial management on the computer system (1). The operating system (320, 421, 422) is adapted to receive the personal managing information (350, 351, 352), wherein the operating system (320, 421, 422) administrates the personal managing information (350, 351, 352) and makes it available to the at least one application or service (340, 341, 342, 441, 442), respectively, running on the operating system. According to the invention, the administration of personal managing information is not located on application level of a computer system, but is rather a part of the operating system.

Abstract: The above object is achieved by an image forming apparatus connected to a network and used for forming an image on a sheet, comprising: a 1st obtaining unit operable to obtain via the network, with respect to each of one or more image files related to an authenticated user, (i) a corresponding identification information piece and (ii) a corresponding storage-destination information piece indicating a storage destination; a display unit operable to display the obtained identification information pieces; a receiving unit operable to receive a specification of, among the displayed identification information pieces, an identification information piece for an image file that the authenticated user desires to obtain; and a 2nd obtaining unit operable to obtain, via the network, the desired image file corresponding to the specified identification information piece from a storage destination indicated by a storage-destination information piece of the desired image file.

Abstract: A multiple protocol address register method between a communication terminal and the register server includes transmitting a first register request for requesting to register a first protocol address from the communication terminal to the register server; storing the first protocol address and the identification to the register server; transmitting a response to the first register request from the register server to the communication terminal together with a first communication rule; transmitting the second register request from the communication terminal to the register server on the basis of the first communication rule; storing, when the second register request is created based on the first communication rule, the second protocol address in the register server; and transmitting a response to the second register request from the register server to the communication terminal.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus capable of receiving a response with respect to an acquisition request of management information of a printing apparatus even if the printing apparatus is working. The image processing apparatus comprises a network connecting section; an interface section; a data transferring section; a management information acquiring section; a management information storing section; and a network controlling section, in the case that the printing apparatus is not working, the management information acquiring section acquires management information from the printing apparatus; in the case that the printing apparatus is working, the management information acquiring section acquires management information from the management information storing section.

Abstract: A data processing network for processing work items according to a business process has one or more processing boundaries having connection to a data transfer network, one or more communication brokers distributed among and executable on the one or more processing boundaries, and a plurality of electronic queues distributed among the one or more processing boundaries, the queues managed by the one or more communications brokers.

Abstract: A network image forming device and a user terminal device are provided for displaying device information, via a network. The network image forming device for displaying device information comprises: a device information extracting unit for extracting at least one device information from printing function information and printing environment information; a display unit for displaying the extracted device information; and a control unit for controlling a visual display of selected device information from information extracted by the device information extracting unit. As a result, a user can easily obtain a variety of device information.

Abstract: A print-image forming apparatus which forms a print image for printing on a print sheet a two-dimensional code whose size is defined based on an error correction rate, the apparatus including: a storage device which stores a plurality of levels of error correction rates; a setting device which sets an arbitrary error correction rate from among the plurality of error correction rates; an image forming device which forms the print image based on the error correction rate thus set; a determining device which determines whether or not the formed print image lies off a code printing area of the print sheet where the two-dimensional code is printed; and a setting changing device which changes the setting of the error correction rate such that the print image can lie in the code printing area when it is determined that the print image lies off the code printing area.

Abstract: A system and process for generating and using mixed raster content files is described. MRC files may be created directly from an application, rather than being processed from a composite image, to separate a single image into background, foreground, and selection masks for each page. Also, an improved MRC structure is described in which only relevant portions are contained in background, foreground, and selection layers for each page.

Abstract: An improved digital halftoning method that uses an input image's global gray levels to determine the local gray levels of a monochrome output image. Input multi-bit pixels grouped into two-pixel-by-two-pixel local subcells are variously aggregated into one or more larger supercells. The size of said supercell(s) is related to and limited by the size of the global input bitmap. A final monochrome gray level is derived from said supercell(s) and distributed within contained subcells. Subcell gray levels are expressed as interim whole monochrome pixels and gray level remainders. A comparison is made of the final supercell and the summed interim subcell monochrome gray levels. An ordering of the remainders is used for assignment of additional monochrome pixels, if necessary, to yield final subcell monochrome gray levels. Gray level rounding errors thus are quantized by reverse diffusion until a monochrome gray level for each of the global image's two-pixel-by-two-pixel local subcells is derived.

Abstract: A method for compressing image data includes a first step for dividing image data into predetermined areas and determining a representative value about density of pixels in each area, a second step for determining density of pixels included in each area by using the representative value of the area and an interpolation rule, a third step for determining reproducibility of an image obtained, on the basis of the density of pixels determined in the second step, by using the image data and a dither pattern that is used for a pseudo gradation process performed on the image data, and a fourth step for encoding, on the basis of the representative value determined in the first step, for areas that are determined to have a good reproducibility in the third step.

Abstract: A level detecting part detects image data levels for the respective output directions of the first half and the second half to be used for the linearity correction, which image data levels correspond to image data around a connection point between the first half and the second half and are obtained from respective combinations for the respective output directions of the first half and the second half. A calculating part calculates linearity correction values or correction value calculating parameters from the detected image data levels for any one of the first half and the second half; and a defect detection part detecting a defect in the image data levels thus detected around the connection point are provided.

Abstract: A computer program product for enabling a computer to have a printing control function for transparent-printing second print data in superposition on first print data, comprises: software instructions for enabling the computer to perform predetermined operations; and a computer readable medium bearing the software instructions, wherein: the predetermined operations comprises: separating the second print data into parts for combining with the first print data and parts not for the combining with the first print data; and combining the data of the parts set for the combining with the first print data so as to be superposed on the first print data.

Abstract: In a case where a digital camera cannot understand or recognize a request received from a printer, the camera ignores the received request and discards the received request, and transmits a command that does not include any user instruction or print operation to the printer in place of the correct response to the request. In such case, the printer receives the command as the response to the request, and recognizes that the request transmitted by the printer cannot be accepted by the camera.

Abstract: A photographing device for photographing an object comprises an image input unit, a signal processing unit and a control unit. In the photographing device, image data of an object generated from the image input unit are analyzed in the signal processing unit, and a status indicator that represents the image quality of the image data is displayed together with a preview image of the object depending on the analysis result in the control unit. As a result, the photographing device previously informs a user of the image quality of a preview image displayed on a screen so that the user may photograph an object in the most appropriate state, thereby preventing re-photographing because of unsatisfactory photographing results.

Abstract: A scan system and a scanning method are provided, The scan system is for scanning a transparent document. The scan system includes a backlight module, an optical module and a control unit. The backlight module has several light sources. The transparent document is disposed between the backlight module and the optical module. The optical module is capable of moving with respect to the transparent document and the backlight module for capturing the image of the transparent document. The control unit controls the backlight module to turn on at least parts of the light sources. When the optical module moves with respect to the transparent document to several positions at different time points, parts of the light sources corresponding to the positions are sequentially turned on. The light emitted by the light sources is projected into the optical module after passing through the transparent document.

Abstract: A system includes: a unit printing on a medium; a unit cutting the medium; a unit comparing data of two adjacent images on the medium; a unit selecting, based on the comparison, a first process adjacently printing the two images or a second process printing the two images with a cutting region therebetween; and a unit generating, for each cutting position, cutting indicating data indicating a cutting process of the cutting unit by corresponding a first cutting process to a cutting position corresponding to the first printing process and corresponding a second cutting process to a cutting position corresponding to the second printing process; and a unit generating printing data based on image data and the selection, wherein the printing unit selects the first or second printing process and prints, and the cutting unit selects the first or second cutting process and cuts.

Abstract: A system and method for facilitating facsimile transmissions has one or more store and forward facilities. The store and forward facilities include a computer for controlling operations and mass data storage equipment. Subscriber mailboxes are provided as part of the mass storage, which can be accessed by a subscriber to have his messages delivered to any facsimile machine he designates. Secure facsimile transmission is achieved through use of subscriber PIN numbers. The system can also be used in cooperation with a paperless facsimile machine which directly displays the facsimile message on a screen and is capable of entering outgoing facsimile messages to the store and forward facility.

Abstract: A method and system for recording electronic documents through a data communication network while assuring that no duplicate “original” documents are in existence. The method and system includes creating an original electronic document that is to be recorded, such as a deed in a real estate transaction. The electronic document is stored on a source computer in an electronic file and, in one embodiment, transmitted to a recordation agency's computer over a data communication network for recordation. Upon submission of the document for recordation, the stored electronic document is designated as a “copy”. A file containing at least the original electronic document is then transmitted from the recordation agency to the source computer and stored thereon or transferred to another medium.

Abstract: An image data search system capable of easily and surely detecting when, where, and how image data has been processed in an image forming apparatus capable of setting various output forms. A storage server stores image data involved in each job executed by a copying machine. A history management server records information including at least information indicating an output form of image data in the job as history information. A search server searches for image data matching desired image data from the image data stored in the storage server, and detects history information corresponding to the image data stored in the storage server, from the history information recorded in the history management server. Further the search server changes a search method based on the information indicating the output form, which is recorded in the detected history information.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus having a data converting unit which converts inputted image information into image data which can be outputted by an external output apparatus and an output control unit which outputs the converted image data to the output apparatus, includes: a storing unit which sequentially stores the image data in parallel with the output of the image data from the data converting unit to the output control unit; and an instructing unit which selects a desired one of the plurality of image data sequentially stored in the storing unit and instructs the output control unit to re-output the selected image data. When the re-output is instructed, the output control unit transfers the selected image data to the output apparatus from the storing unit.

Abstract: An image forming device for forming an image on a printing medium by forming a latent image on a photosensitive body based on printing data, developing the latent image with coloring material, and transferring the developed image onto the printing medium, wherein when density calibration of an image formed on the printing medium is conducted, the developed image of an image specimen is formed on the photosensitive body or the image of the image specimen is formed on the printing medium based on the printing data for the calibration, color of the formed developed image of the image specimen or the formed image of the image specimen is measured and the image density is adjusted based on the color measurement result, and the printing data for the calibration have data of the image specimen serving as an object of the color measurement and data of a dummy specimen whose latent image is formed before the latent image of the image specimen is formed, is provided.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus has a light source for emitting a white spotlight, a color wheel on which a plurality of transmission areas having different light transmission characteristics are arranged in the circumferential direction, a modulation unit which modulates the spotlight based on image data in a mixed-color period in which, along with the rotation of the color wheel, the spotlight from the light source passes through the color wheel at the boundary between a first transmission area and a second transmission area adjoining each other and having different transmission characteristics, and a timing change unit which changes the timing at which image data based on which the spotlight is modulated is switched to another one.

Abstract: A device and method for detecting a position of a carrier in a scanner includes a scanner having a carrier on which a sensor that senses an image is installed, a motor that moves the carrier, and a motor driving unit that drives the motor, and having a device which detects the position of the carrier, having an impeller that is installed on a driving axis of the motor and rotates as the motor is driven, a driving axis sensor that outputs a detection signal according to the rotation of the impeller, and a control unit that detects the position of the carrier based on the detection signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that allow for indexing, processing, or both of information from physical media or electronic media, which may be received from a plurality of sources. In embodiments, a document file may be matched using pattern matching methods and may include comparisons with a comparison reference database to improve or accelerate the indexing process. In embodiments, information may be presented to a user as potential matches thereby improving manual indexing processes. In embodiments, one or more additional actions may occur as part of the processing, including without limitation, association additional data with a document file, making observations from the document file, notifying individuals, creating composite messages, and billing events. In an embodiment, data from a document file may be associated with a key word, key phrase, or word frequency value that enables adaptive learning so that unindexed data may be automatically indexed based on user interaction history.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that allow for indexing, processing, or both of information from physical media or electronic media, which may be received from a plurality of sources. In embodiments, a document file may be matched using pattern matching methods and may include comparisons with a comparison reference database to improve or accelerate the indexing process. In embodiments, information may be presented to a user as potential matches thereby improving manual indexing processes. In embodiments, one or more additional actions may occur as part of the processing, including without limitation, association additional data with a document file, making observations from the document file, notifying individuals, creating composite messages, and billing events. In an embodiment, data from a document file may be associated with a key word, key phrase, or word frequency value that enables adaptive learning so that unindexed data may be automatically indexed based on user interaction history.

Abstract: The present invention provides a document processing method and system which implement display that improves efficiency and usability of edit operations when inserting, moving, or copying & pasting data, by taking full advantage of the feature of retaining data and set values hierarchically in the system. In document processing for editing a document consisting of multiple sets of original data, when a user moves a graphic object which represents a desired original by dragging it on the document in order to move or copy the desired original data to a certain position on the document, the present invention detects the boundary between originals in the document, nearest to the position of the cursor dragging the graphic object which represents the desired original, and displays an identifiable mark on the boundary between originals in the document.

Abstract: A print system includes an image reading apparatus that describes original document image data read from an original document in a page description language, and transmits the data described in the page description language as a copy job; and a printing apparatus that receives the copy job transmitted from the image reading apparatus, and prints out an image corresponding to the original document image data, wherein the image reading apparatus detects a copy preparing operation that is performed prior to the transmission of the copy job and transmits an occupancy notification for notifying occupancy of the printing apparatus to the printing apparatus according to the result of the detection, and wherein the printing apparatus accepts a copy job from the image reading apparatus in accordance with the occupancy notification.

Abstract: An imaging system includes an illumination system and an optical module which are used together to scan media. The illumination system is composed of a tubular diffusion platen, a light source, and a reflector. The optical module comprises a rotating optical platen that rotates around an imaging assembly composed of a lens array, an optical element, a linear sensor array, an interconnect circuit, and a housing. The optical platen is transparent to allow the imaging assembly to capture and image of the transparent media and functions to accurately locate the transparent media in the optimal focus plane.

Abstract: A continuous scanning method with a multi-page preview function includes the steps of scanning a first former document having a first format to obtain a first image signal; scanning a second former document having a second format different from the first format to obtain a second image signal; displaying a first image corresponding to the first image signal for a user to preview; displaying a second image corresponding to the second image signal for the user to preview; receiving a first configuration and a second configuration, which are set by the user and respectively correspond to the first and second former documents; and continuously scanning or processing a first latter document having the first format and a second latter document having the second format according to the first and second configurations, respectively.

Abstract: A scanner provided with an image sensor that integrates reflected light that occurs due to reflections from a scan position, and then converts into specific image data the reflected light that has been integrated, and outputs this image data, wherein a plurality of segments, in the scan direction are provided for an object to be scanned by moving a scan position in the scan direction in the object to be scanned, where an image sensor is controlled so that, when the scan position passes over each of the segments of the object to be scanned, because of the motion of a carriage, the image sensor is controlled so as to start integrating the reflected light that occurs at the scan position with the timing with which the scan position enters into each of the segments of the object to be scanned, and thereafter, the image sensor is caused to stop integrating the reflected light after a specific amount of time has elapsed, where the reflected light that has been integrated is converted by the image sensor and outputt

Abstract: An image processing apparatus has a multi-cropping function that automatically crops the scanned images of a plurality of original sheets placed on a platen of an image reading apparatus all at one pass. The desired number of cropped images is input by the user, and the number of cropped images detected when cropping the image of the original sheets placed on the platen, are compared.

Abstract: A method for determining the position of a document placed in the scanning widow of a flatbed scanner is disclosed. The method can correctly determine the precise position of a document from a pre-scanned image, including portions of a pressing cover (background color), illuminator (different color from the background) and the document. By color identification, a preliminary range having a rectangular area covering the document and the illuminator is first determined. Then, the colors of the four corners of the preliminary range are identified. Finally, the precise position of the document is determined by color identification, approaching from the rim of the preliminary range toward the the document.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting front edge of a document and determining home position of an image scanning module has a detecting light source near an outlet end of a document feeding track and aligned with an image reader of the image scanning module. The detecting light source emits a detecting light to be received by the image reader. By detecting whether the detecting light is received by the image reader, the front edge of the document can be detected to activate the image scanning module. And it can also determine whether or not the image scanning module has arrived on a home position.

Abstract: In image reading apparatus capable of performing a read-while-feed operation in which an original is read while being fed by an image sensor placed at a fixed position, presence/absence of dust and/or dirt on a platen is detected, and, in a case where dust and/or dirt are detected at all of a plurality of predetermined positions by said detector, the read-while-feed operation is inhibited and the presence of dust and/or dirt is notified to a user. When, removal of dust and/or dirt on the platen is detected in a state that the read-while-feed operation is inhibited, the read-while-feed operation is allowed.

Abstract: In the color information measuring device, the print object information measuring device, the printing device and the electronic equipment, three light fluxes of mutually different wavelengths applied to a measurement object from a red LED, a green LED and a blue LED of a light-emitting part have a common illumination area on the measurement object. The common illumination area on the measurement object contains such an observation area on the measurement object that a reflected ray is made to be incident on a photodiode via a condenser lens and a slit member. Therefore, the common illumination area in which three light fluxes of different wavelengths overlap with one another can reliably be made to be an observation area, so that intensities of a plurality of reflected rays of different wavelengths derived from the observation area can be observed equivalently, hence an improved measurement accuracy.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel; a correcting circuit configured to carry out gamma correction on input gradation data in response to correction data which specifies a shape of a gamma curve to generate output gradation data; and a driving circuit configured to drive the display panel in response to the output gradation data from the correcting circuit. The correcting circuit carries out approximation calculation for the gamma correction based on the input gradation data by using a correction calculation equation whose coefficients are determined based on the correction data, and the correction calculation equation is switched based on a value of the input gradation data and a value of the correction data.

Abstract: Bi-directional multi-resolution scanner having software/firmware for 1- to 2-pass high resolution scanning, enabling the scanner to capture and render image data both the standard direction, top to bottom pass, as well as the return direction, that is, bi-directional scanning, in contrast to prior art scanners which return to the start position after each pass without reading (scanning). Typical current B&W scanning of an 8½×11? image at 600 dpi takes a total time from start to reload to the next image of on the order of 42-67 seconds. In contrast, the inventive system scans and displays the high resolution image in about 37 seconds, some 7-30 seconds faster than a conventional scanner. In multiple image scanning, since the time for the two return passes and the preview pass is eliminated, the productivity is increased from 20 to 300% or more. Since multiple non-scan return passes are eliminated, the inventive system is also a substantial improvement for limited power bus devices.

Abstract: A holographic recording medium in which a thick holographic recording layer is formed without the use of multilayering and without accompanying thickness unevenness, scattering, and nonuniformity of dynamic range, and a method for manufacturing the same. The holographic recording medium 10 is configured by sandwiching a hybrid material layer 14 and a photopolymer layer 16 between first and second substrates 12 and 18. The hybrid material layer 14 contains an inorganic glass and a photopolymer as main ingredients. The photopolymer layer 16 subjected to heat or ultraviolet curing is provided on the dried hybrid material layer 14 such that the combined thickness of this hybrid material layer 14 and the photopolymer layer 16 is uniform. The second substrate 18 is bonded and fixed to this photopolymer layer 16 serving as a bonding layer.

Abstract: A holographic recording medium which has parallelism of high precision and causes little substrate deformation ascribable to contraction of its recording areas when recording interference fringes, and a method for manufacturing the same. The holographic recording medium 10 has a holographic recording material layer 18 between a first transparent substrate 12 and a second transparent substrate 14. This holographic recording material layer 18 is formed integrally with a spacer 16 which is composed of a large number of spherical beads 16A arranged so as to surround recording areas 20 for interference fringes to be recorded on.

Abstract: The invention relates to a holographic viewing device that enable printing or the like to be directly applied to a transmission hologram substrate without recourse to any frame for supporting and reinforcing a transmission hologram, thereby simplifying construction while enhancing aesthetic and decorative attributes, and a holographic viewing card incorporating it. The holographic viewing device enables a given image or message to be viewed near the positions of point light sources upon viewing the point light sources through a hologram, and comprises a transparent substrate 41, a hologram-formation layer 42 and a printing layer 45. The hologram-formation layer 42 may be any one of a phase type diffractive optical element having a relief structure 43 on its surface, a phase type diffractive optical element having a refractive index profile in its layer, and an amplitude type diffractive optical element having a transmittance profile in its layer.

Abstract: An active compensation device, and a compatible optical pickup and an optical recording and/or reproducing apparatus employing the active compensation device, are compatible with information storage media standards specifying different thicknesses and light having the same wavelength. The active compensation device includes two transparent substrates; a material layer interposed between the transparent substrates and having a refractive index that is actively switched according to a voltage applied to the material layer; and a holographic pattern formed adjacent to the material layer on a surface of at least one of the transparent substrates to control a divergence angle of incident light by transmitting the incident light without diffraction or diffracting the incident light according to the refractive index of the material layer.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a holographic medium by recording holograms in transmission geometry, and applying a reflective layer to one side of the holographic recording material after recording is completed (alternatively, for example, the playback system may contain a reflective surface or mirror). For readout, the reference beam is incident to the media from a side opposite the reflective layer. This beam propagates through the media to the reflective layer on the opposite side, and is reflected back through the media for readout of the transmission hologram. The diffracted hologram signal also exits the media on the side without the reflective layer, where it can be recovered by a detector on the same side as the laser source. Alternatively, the readout reference beam is positioned so that the incident beam reads out the hologram, and both the reference beam and diffracted hologram are reflected back through the media.

Abstract: An imaging system comprises a base unit having a platen. The imaging system also comprises a lid coupled to the base unit and adapted to be disposed over the platen. The lid comprises a door openable relative to the lid to enable access to the platen therethrough.

Abstract: A supporting structure for a platform in a scanner is provided. The scanner has a housing and the supporting structure is located on an interior wall of the housing. The supporting structure includes a buffering component that includes a supporting surface and a stress absorbing body. The stress absorbing body is located beneath the supporting surface to share an external stress received by the supporting surface when the platform is subject to an external force.

Abstract: When a mirror starts to operate, the voltage applied between a fixed-electrode side pad and a mirror-electrode side pad is lowered below a predetermined voltage, so that the electrostatic attraction which works between a fixed electrode and a mirror electrode becomes smaller. Thereby, the mirror's driving force becomes smaller, and at the mirror's start time, the mirror's vibration angle becomes narrower than a predetermined vibration angle. The applied voltage between the fixed-electrode side pad and the mirror-electrode side pad is linearly or stepwise increased according to the time which has elapsed since the mirror's start and the mirror is vibrated at the predetermined vibration angle by setting the voltage applied to the predetermined voltage when a predetermined time has elapsed since the mirror's start.

Abstract: A laser scanning unit scans a light beam onto a photoconductor to form a latent image. The laser scanning unit includes a light source that generates and radiates a light. A polygon mirror deflects and scans the light emitted from the light source. A driving motor drives and rotates the polygon mirror. A circuit substrate has a first surface on which the polygon mirror and the driving motor are coaxially mounted. A housing, to which the circuit substrate is coupled, includes an opening through which the polygon mirror is introduced in the inner space. A second surface of the circuit substrate to the opposite side of the polygon mirror is entirely exposed to the outside to function as a heat radiation surface. Thus, the heat dissipation characteristic of heating dissipation components, including a driving motor, is improved and the inner sealing of the laser scanning unit is secured.

Abstract: Motor, comprising a first body (3) and second body (5), the latter being movably mounted with respect to the first body. A chamber (4), sandwiched between surfaces of said bodies, is filled with a non-polar and/or non-conductive first fluid (6) and at least one volume of a polar and/or conductive second fluid (7), which fluids are immiscible. One of said surfaces is provided with means (10) for locally varying the wettability of said surface by the second fluid, to move the or each volume of second fluid along a desired path. The other surface is provided with means (9, 14, 15) for coupling the or each volume of second fluid to this surface, so that this surface will be dragged along by the moving volume or volumes. This results in a relative movement between both surfaces and hence in a movement of the second body.

Abstract: To provide a photonic crystal semiconductor device which enables various kinds of optical devices having a photonic crystal structure which is readily formed using a semiconductor and a semiconductor manufacturing process, and a manufacturing method thereof. The object can be achieved by a photonic crystal structure, including a lower DBR layer 1, a core layer 2, an upper DBR layer 3, and a dielectric multilayer film 6 which are sequentially laminated from an n-InP substrate 11 side, a plurality of holes 9 formed in the direction of a film thickness in the core layer 2 and the upper DBR layer 3, and a line defect portion 10 with none of the plurality of holes formed therein and disposed between the plurality of holes 9, wherein the line defect portion 10 serves as an optical waveguide.

Abstract: An ultrasonic treatment switch device includes an adapter, a switch, a switch fixing portion and an adapter fixing portion. The adapter is connected to a power source and having a handpiece fixing portion detachably attached to a handpiece having an ultrasonic transducer. The switch is connected to the power source and causes an electric signal to be output from the power source so that the ultrasonic transducer generates ultrasonic vibrations. The switch fixing portion is provided in the switch and detachably attached to the adapter. The adapter fixing portion is provided in the adapter. The switch fixing portion is attached to the adapter fixing portion.

Abstract: An optical antenna collects, modifies and emits energy at light wavelengths. Linear conductors sized to correspond to the light wavelengths are used. Nonlinear junctions of small dimension are used to rectify an alternating waveform induced upon the conductors by the lightwave electromagnetic energy. The optical antenna and junctions are effective to produce harmonic energy at light wavelengths. The linear conductors may be comprised of carbon nanotubes that are attached to a substrate material, which may then be connected to an electrical port.