Abstract: The piezoelectric actuator drive control device has a controller, and executes an initialization process including an optimum phase difference acquisition process P1 and a phase difference inversion detection process P4 at a predetermined frequency. As a result, the optimum phase difference is updated each time the optimum phase difference acquisition process P1 runs to account for wear or temperature change from continuous operation. Furthermore, even if the phase difference between the drive signal and detection signal inverts during a drive frequency sweep due to variation in the vibration characteristic of the piezoelectric actuator, the phase difference inversion frequency and clamping frequency are reset each time the phase difference inversion detection process P4 is executed, thus preventing phase difference feedback control errors.

Abstract: A driving circuit of a transmitting apparatus drives a piezoelectric element in a frequency band different from a resonance frequency at which a vibration system including the piezoelectric element resonates the most strongly. A driving circuit of a sound sensor drives the piezoelectric element for transmitting or receiving an acoustic wave in a frequency band different from a resonance frequency at which a vibration system including the piezoelectric element resonates the most strongly. Such a transmitting apparatus is mounted as a transmitting apparatus of a sound sensor to thereby realize the sound sensor with a small measurement error. The sound sensor is adopted for traveling control and steering control of an autonomous traveling vehicle to thereby enable an autonomous traveling vehicle capable of stopping in the vicinity of an obstacle to be realized.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve is controlled, the valve includes a piezoelectric actuator as the valve member, which opens up or closes a connection to a space arranged downstream, an electric actuating element for actuating the valve member and a prestressing element which prestresses the valve member into a prestressing direction. A sensor element, which is arranged on the same axis as the valve member supplies an output signal to a control unit concerning the forces acting upon the valve member. The control unit acts upon the actuating element by way of an electric excitation, which has a signal course at least approximately inverse to the output signal of the sensor element.

Abstract: A driving circuit converts a direct current (DC) power supply voltage into an alternating current voltage of a predetermined frequency. The alternating current voltage is applied to an electrical element and boosted by a voltage resonant circuit of the electrical element. Based on a change in input voltage of the electrical element and a frequency component of a feedback voltage corresponding to the output voltage of the electrical element, an input voltage monitoring circuit generates an optimal control signal, and, using the optimal control signal, adjusts the DC power supply voltage such that a step-down chopper circuit is switched on and off at a predetermined duty ratio.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator, for example for actuating a mechanical component, has a multilayered structure of piezoelectric layers and, in a piezoelectrically active region, can be acted on with an electrical voltage by means of internal electrodes that are situated between the layers. The layer structure of the piezoelectric actuator includes inactive regions; at least the top part or bottom part, as an inactive region without internal electrodes, is comprised of a material whose dielectric constant is less than the dielectric constant of the active region.

Abstract: An improved ultrasound transducer assembly, e.g. a thickness-mode transducer assembly includes a plurality of elements comprising piezoelectric material, and a backing material disposed adjacent to a back surface of the plurality of elements. The piezoelectric material and backing material define at least a portion of a side surface, wherein an electrically conductive material is disposed upon and in contact with at least a portion of the side surface. The elements may comprise one or a plurality of front electrodes, and one or a plurality of back electrodes, wherein the front electrode(s) is electrically interconnected to the electrically conductive material disposed on the side surface portion. In a mass processing method, a plurality of thickness-mode ultrasound probe transducer assemblies may be produced, wherein a plurality of interconnected transducer subassemblies comprising a mass backing are processed in tandem.

Abstract: To propose a structure of a small-sized airtight terminal capable of restraining a reduction in yield of steps of fabricating an airtight terminal and steps of integrating a piezoelectric vibrator and a mold structure of a surface mount type piezoelectric vibrator in correspondence with the airtight terminal, there is provided a surface mount type piezoelectric vibrator including a piezoelectric vibrating piece having a pair of exciting electrodes, a first electrode of the pair of exciting electrodes being electrically connected to the lead, and a second electrode thereof being electrically connected to a stem of an airtight terminal, a case of a bottomed cylinder type fixed to the stem to cover the piezoelectric vibrating piece to form an airtight space, a first external electrode terminal electrically conductive to the first electrode by way of the lead, a second external electrode terminal electrically conductive to the second electrode, and a mold resin molded to be formed on surfaces of the case and the

Abstract: To provide a quartz crystal vibrator, an oscillator and an electronic apparatus capable of preventing a bonding electrode from being corroded and easily maintaining soundness of the bonding electrode over a long period of time, a quartz crystal vibrator is provided with a quartz crystal vibrating plate formed by surrounding a quartz crystal vibrating piece by a frame-like portion, a hermetically closed vessel including a lid member and a base member in a plate-like shape for interposing the quartz crystal vibrating plate in a thickness direction, bonding electrodes provided between the lid member and the quartz crystal vibrating plate and between the base member and the quartz crystal vibrating plate and electrically connected to an inner electrode, and a protecting film for protecting the bonding electrode, provided with a recess portion recessed to an inner side of the hermetically closed vessel from an outer edge portion between the lid member and the quartz crystal vibrating plate and an outer edge portio

Abstract: A piezoelectric material, characterized in that a main component of the piezoelectric substance is PZT which has perovskite type structure expressed in Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (1) (x expresses an element ratio Zr/(Zr+Ti) of Zr and Ti in the formula), an element ratio Pb/(Zr+Ti) of Pb, Zr and Ti of the piezoelectric substance is 1.05 or more, and an element ratio Zr/(Zr+Ti) of Zr and Ti is 0.5 to 0.8 inclusive, and the piezoelectric substance has at least a perovskite type structure of monoclinic system.

Abstract: A piezoelectric substrate of a perovskite-type oxide is expressed by a general formula of ABO3 having a laminate structure of a single crystal structure or a uniaxial crystal structure expressed by (Pb1-xMx)xm(ZryTi1-y)O3 (where M represents an element selected from La, Ca, Ba, Sr, Bi, Sb and W) and the laminate structure has a layered first crystal phase having a crystal structure selected from the tetragonal structure, the rhombohedral structure, the pseudocubic structure and the monoclinic structure, a layered second crystal phase having a crystal structure different from the crystal structure of said first crystal phase and a boundary layer arranged between said first crystal phase and said second crystal phase with a crystal structure gradually changing in a width direction of layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a piezoelectric substance of single crystal or uniaxial crystal type in which three lattice lengths a, b and c of a unit lattice of the piezoelectric substance are smaller than lattice length a0, b0 and c0 of a unit lattice of a bulk state of single crystal having the same temperature and same composition, respectively, and a volume of the unit lattice of the piezoelectric substance is smaller than a volume of the unit lattice of the bulk state of single crystal having the same temperature and same composition.

Abstract: A piezoelectric structure receives input from a voltage source to generate polarization and output voltage. Two surfaces are formed on the direction normal to the polarized direction. One surface has an input electrode electrically connecting to the voltage source and an output electrode to output voltage. Another surface has a ground electrode. The distance between the input electrode and the ground electrode is different from the distance between the output electrode and the ground electrode. Through the height difference of the two electrodes, the step-up and step-down ratio can be altered.

Abstract: A method of producing a piezoelectric actuator includes the steps of: forming a first electrode layer on a substrate by jetting an aerosol containing particles of a conductive material and ceramic particles onto the substrate to make the particles adhere to the substrate; forming a piezoelectric layer on the first electrode layer by jetting an aerosol containing particles of a piezoelectric material onto the first electrode layer to make the particles adhere to the electrode; performing an annealing treatment for the piezoelectric layer; and forming, on the piezoelectric layer, a second electrode layer paring with the first electrode layer. Accordingly, the adherence between the substrate and the first electrode layer and between the first electrode layer and the piezoelectric layer are improved, thereby hardly causing exfoliation of the layers due to differences in coefficients of thermal expansion between the layers.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator comprises a piezoelectric material layer 101, a first electrode 102 formed on one major surface of the piezoelectric material layer 101, and having a cross-section in the shape of a trapezoid whose longer side contacts the piezoelectric material layer 101, and a second electrode 103 formed on the other major surface of the piezoelectric material layer 101, and having a cross-section in the shape of a trapezoid whose longer side contacts the piezoelectric material layer 101.

Abstract: A closing device for drawers, the device having a housing with a holding notch and a slider having a resilient latching arm that is bendable to engage the holding notch, as well as a spring that engages the housing and the slider to urge the slider to a rearward position relative to the housing. The resilient latching arm has a slot adapted to receive a pin, whereby as the drawer is moved from its closed position, the relative movement of the pin advances the slider to a position where the resilient latching arm engages the holding notch and the drawer is free to mover further outward without influence of the closing device. As the drawer is moved rearward toward its closed position, the relative movement of the pin will cause it to engage the slot in the resilient latching arm, further causing it to release from the holding notch and to be urged by the spring to move the drawer toward a closed position.

Abstract: A motion control bracket (100) for use with a drawer slide includes a mounting plate (102) for fastening the bracket (100) to a cabinet drawer slide. A motion control device (101) is used for controlling the rate of speed with which a drawer closes against a cabinet frame. Other embodiments of the motion control bracket (130, 160) include fastening tabs (113, 115 and 119) for mounting the bracket to an existing drawer slide and a substantially L-shaped bracket (131) for mounting motion control device (101) under a cabinet drawer. The invention enhances existing drawer slides by adding motion control with minimal cost and effort.

Abstract: A shelf arrangement is provided which includes a support surface, a frame, and an electrical control interface positioned and accessible at a front of the shelf arrangement, the control interface arranged to transmit a control signal to a location remote from the shelf arrangement. The frame may include a pair of laterally spaced apart front-to-rear brackets supporting the support surface. The support surface may be a part of a shelf member. A pair of rods may extend laterally between the brackets. The frame may be at least partially overmolded with plastic.

Abstract: An apparatus such as a light source is disclosed which has an OLED device and a microstructured film disposed on the substrate or transparent electrode of said OLED device and on the exterior of said OLED device. The microstructured film contains features which diffuse light emitted by said OLED device and increase the luminance of the device.

Abstract: A spark plug is provided with a metal shell and a ceramic insulator to support therein a center electrode. The ceramic insulator includes a front portion with a stepped outer surface, a middle portion, a rear portion and a shoulder portion defined between the middle and rear portions. A difference between the outer diameters of the middle and rear portions of the ceramic insulator is 1.8 mm or smaller. The metal shell includes a radially inward protrusion to retain thereon the stepped outer surface of the ceramic insulator and a rear end portion crimped onto the shoulder portion of the ceramic insulator. An inner circumferential surface of the crimped shell portion has a region held in contact with the insulator shoulder portion with a radially innermost point of the crimped shell portion being spaced radially apart from the ceramic insulator and axially apart from the insulator shoulder portion.

Abstract: A flat-panel display includes a cathode panel including a plurality of electron emission regions, and an anode panel including a fluorescent layer and an anode electrode, both panels being bonded together in a peripheral region and holding a vacuum space therebetween; a plurality of spacers disposed between the cathode panel and the anode panel; a high-resistance layer provided between the anode panel and each of the spacers; and a conductor layer provided on a portion of each of the spacers which contacts the cathode panel.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sorting nanostructures, such as nanodot or nanotubes, are described. The sorting of the nanostructures removes remnants of the nanotube fabrication from the mixture or bundle of material. The sorting includes suspending the mixture in a plasma, which separated the nanostructures and remnant material. A motive force, such as gas flow or laser, is applied to the suspended nanostructures and remnants such that the larger material moves out of the plasma while the smaller material remains trapped in the plasma.

Abstract: A pixel structure and an edge-emitter field-emission display device having a first substrate or backplate including a cathode disposed thereon and a second substrate or faceplate including an anode disposed thereon, wherein the anode on the second substrate or faceplate has a light emitting film. The cathode may define a first bus of an X-Y bus array and the anode may define a second bus of the X-Y bus array. Alternatively, the first substrate may further include a control gate disposed thereon, wherein the cathode defines a first bus of an X-Y bus array and the control gate defines a second bus of the X-Y bus array.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cold cathode electron source includes: a first conductive member, having an end face and an electron emission layer that is formed on the end face and made of an electron emitting material; and a second conductive member, having a hollow portion that enables insertion of the first conductive member in a first direction substantially perpendicular to the end face, and an opening portion that passes through toward the hollow portion; and wherein the first conductive member is fitted into the second conductive member, is positioned in the first direction with respect to the second conductive member by abutting the second conductive member in the first direction, the first conductive member exposing a surface of the electron emission layer from the opening portion.

Abstract: Broadband output high power pulsed flash lamps are useful in many applications, and when specifically optimized, can become an excellent source of ultraviolet (UV) light, which is particularly useful for photo-chemically-induced materials processing applications. Multiple factors involved with the production of high-energy light pulses can in certain cases adversely affect the ultraviolet lamp operation, thereby resulting in the development of micro cracks in lamp envelopes and subsequent limitation in lamp lifetime. Similar factors can be responsible for an increased absorption of UV radiation by lamp components and degradation of lamp efficiency. This invention describes new pulsed flash lamp designs that enable a new generation of high power and performance as required by, for example, many large-scale photo-processing applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a current-conducting system for a lamp with molybdenum foils, gas-tighly embedded in at least one end section of the lamp, at which at two opposite narrow ends in each case an outer current supply conductor and an electrode or an outer current supply conductor and an inner current supply conductor are arranged. According to the invention, the molybdenum foils, current supply conductors and/or electrodes are provided with a coating, at least in sections, that is formed in such a way that the adhesion properties to the glass are improved in the area of the coating, with the coating being applied to the current-conducting system by vacuum-arc ion implantation (Arc-PVD).

Abstract: A chip-type light-emitting semiconductor device includes: a substrate 4; a blue LED 1 mounted on the substrate 4; and a luminescent layer 3 made of a mixture of yellow/yellowish phosphor particles 2 and a base material 13 (translucent resin). The yellow/yellowish phosphor particles 2 is a silicate phosphor which absorbs blue light emitted by the blue LED 1 to emit a fluorescence having a main emission peak in the wavelength range from 550 nm to 600 nm, inclusive, and which contains, as a main component, a compound expressed by the chemical formula: (Sr1-a1-b1-xBaa1Cab1Eux)2SiO4 (0?a1?0.3, 0?b1?0.8 and 0<x<1). The silicate phosphor particles disperse substantially evenly in the resin easily. As a result, excellent white light is obtained.

Abstract: A cold cathode for a discharge lamp includes a metal plate that has bending portions; a diamond film that is formed on a face of the metal plate, except for the bending portions; and a metal member that is mounted on the metal plate.

Abstract: A structure for attaching a fluorescent tube includes a base, a holder supported by the base, and a pair of contacts. The holder holds an intermediate portion of the fluorescent tube while restraining the fluorescent tube from moving in a radial direction. To the pair of contacts, terminals of a pair of end portions of the fluorescent tube are respectively attachable in an attaching direction corresponding to the radial direction of the fluorescent tube. Each contact includes a pair of elastic pieces facing each other. The pair of elastic pieces have a pair of straight portions extending substantially straight in the attaching direction and facing each other. On the pair of straight portions, a pair of contact portions for clamping the corresponding terminal of the fluorescent tube therebetween are formed.

Abstract: Methods and systems that include a nanotube used as an emitter in the testing and fabrication of integrated circuits. The nanotube emits a signal to a substrate. Based on the signal or the electrical properties, e.g., current induced in the substrate by the signal, the region of the substrate is characterized. The characterization includes topology of the region of the substrate such as determining whether a recess in the substrate has a proper depth or other dimensions or characteristics of the substrate.

Abstract: To implement an electrode structure which brings about extinction of arc quickly in a reliable manner without maintaining discharge current, and provide an electron source and image display apparatus equipped with the electrode structure. Device electrodes 2 and 3 are partially narrowed in areas where they are connected to scan wiring 6 and signal wiring 4, and an insulating layer 5 which insulates the scan wiring 6 and signal wiring 4 are extended to cover the narrow portions of the device electrodes 2 and 3.

Abstract: An electron emission includes: first and second substrates arranged to face each other; an electron emission region arranged on the first substrate; a plurality of driving electrodes arranged on the first substrate and adapted to control electron emission of the electron emission region; a focusing electrode arranged above the driving electrodes and including openings adapted to focus electrons passing therethrough; and phosphor layers arranged on the second substrate, the phosphor layers respectively corresponding to each pixel region on the first substrate. The openings and the phosphor layer satisfy the following inequality: F2<D2<(F2+2P1?D1?F1).

Abstract: An electron emission element is provided with at least one electrode, an electron emission region, and a resistance layer for electrically connecting the electrode to the electron emission region. The resistance layer is formed of one of a metal oxide material and a metal nitride material.

Abstract: This specification describes phosphor compositions used in fluorescent layers for scanning beam displays. In general, one aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in a display device having a fluorescent layer that absorbs an excitation light at a single wavelength and emits visible light. The fluorescent layer includes a plurality of parallel fluorescent stripes. At least three adjacent fluorescent stripes are made of three different fluorescent materials, which include a first fluorescent material that absorbs the excitation light and emits light of a first color, a second fluorescent material that absorbs the excitation light and emits light of a second color, and a third fluorescent material that absorbs the excitation light and emits light of a third color.

Abstract: A light emitting device having an anode and a cathode provided on a substrate, and an organic light emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, where the organic light emitting layer includes a light emitting material and a dopant for improving the dispersability thereof. As the dopant, there are employed a light emitting compound and a non-light emitting compound or a current enhancing material. In case of employing the light emitting compound, the composition corresponds to a case of utilizing plural light emitting materials, and, in such case, the light emission wavelengths are preferably mutually closer.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a display device preventing the external invasion of water and/or oxygen and preventing the deterioration of a luminous element due to these invading substances and to provide a production method including simple production steps for producing the display device. The invention provides a display device having a sealing material on the rim of an exposed interlayer insulator for preventing the invasion of water and/or oxygen from the interlayer insulator. Further, the invention provides a display device having a barrier body on an exposed interlayer insulator for preventing the invasion of water and/or oxygen from the interlayer insulator. Furthermore, the application of droplet discharge technique in production steps for producing the display device can eliminate a photolithography step such as exposing and developing. Thus, a method of producing a display device having an improved yield is provided.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescent device including a substrate, a plurality of organic electro-luminescent units and at least one tungsten oxide layer is provided. The organic electro-luminescent units are stacked on the substrate, and each tungsten oxide layer is disposed between the adjacent organic electro-luminescent units. The organic electro-luminescent device having the at least one tungsten oxide layer therein has good luminance efficiency. Moreover, another organic electro-luminescent device is also provided in the present invention.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence element and an organic electro-luminescence display are provided. The organic electro-luminescence display includes a substrate and a plurality of organic electro-luminescence elements disposed in array on the substrate. The organic electro-luminescence element includes a first electrode layer, an organic luminescent layer, a second transparent electrode layer, a first transparent filler layer, a second transparent filler layer and a semitransparent layer. Wherein, the organic luminescent layer is disposed on the first electrode layer, and the second transparent electrode layer is disposed on the organic luminescent layer. The first transparent filler layer and the second transparent filler layer are disposed on the second transparent electrode layer, and the thickness of the second transparent filler layer is larger than the thickness of the first transparent filler layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device including a substrate, a metal electrode layer, an organic light emission layer, a transparent electrode layer, a passivation layer and a lens is provided. The metal electrode layer is disposed on the substrate, and the organic light emission layer is disposed on the metal electrode layer. The transparent electrode layer is disposed on the organic light emission layer. The passivation layer is disposed on the transparent electrode layer, and the lens is disposed on the passivation layer. Moreover, the lens has a top surface, a bottom surface opposite to the top surface, and multiple banding surfaces connected between the top surface and the bottom surface. A discontinuous surface is composed of the banding surfaces. The banding surfaces are inclined surfaces and the angle between the bottom surface and the banding surface closer to the bottom surface is larger.

Abstract: An electroluminescence display and a manufacturing method therefore are disclosed in the present invention. The present invention combines an electroluminescence component and a passive component into a single display component for a display screen. The present invention has a simple manufacturing process, and decreases power consumption and the total size of a display screen.

Abstract: The invention provides an organic light emitting diode (OLED), having a substrate, an anode layer of silver or gold, wherein the anode layer Is treated with CF4 plasma to enhance the hole injection of the semitransparent anode layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device comprises a lower electrode provided on the surface of a color filter, wherein the lower electrode is directly provided on the surface of an overcoat layer. An isolation layer is further provided between the lower electrode and the overcoat layer, such that the connection between the lower electrode and the color filter can be proceeded beneficially. Besides, the situation of barrier layer broken will be not happened. Thus, the structure completeness of the organic electroluminescent device can be held, and the production yield of that can be improved.

Abstract: In an organic light emitting display and a method for fabricating the same, a layout of respective pixels is changed in order to improve life span so that one pixel region having low luminous efficiency is increased. The organic light emitting display includes at least one pixel comprising sub pixels having a plurality of colors. A first sub pixel emission layer is formed over an entire surface of a pixel region. At least two second sub pixel emission layers are formed at the first sub pixel emission layer so as to have a closed curve. The layout of respective pixels is changed so as to increase an area of one sub pixel region having low luminous efficiency in order to improve the life span and aperture ratio of the organic light emitting display. In addition, during formation of an emission layer, the number of masks is reduced. Accordingly, the possibility of misalignment is reduced, thereby maximizing resolution, improving yield, and reducing manufacturing cost.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display (OLED) and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The OLED includes: a substrate; a pixel electrode disposed on the substrate and having cells divided into a plurality of cells and cutting patterns connected to the cells; an organic layer having at least an emission layer and disposed on the pixel electrode; and an upper electrode disposed on the organic layer, thereby minimizing the damage of the device and performing laser-repair.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence display including a substrate, a plurality of white light electro-luminescence devices, a first protecting film, a second protecting film and a third protecting film is provided. The white light electro-luminescence devices are disposed on the substrate. The first protecting film covers a portion of the white light electro-luminescence devices and has a property of filtering first-color light. The second protecting film covers another portion of the white light electro-luminescence devices and has a property of filtering second-color light. The third protecting film covers other portion of the white light electro-luminescence devices and has a property of filtering third-color light.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence device and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. Wherein, the manufacturing method of an organic electro-luminescence device includes sequential steps of: providing a substrate first; forming a first electrode layer on the substrate; forming an insulating layer on the substrate, wherein the insulating layer includes a plurality of openings for exposing the first layer; forming a conducting layer on the sidewall of the insulating layer and on the first electrode layer in the openings; forming a light-emitting layer on the conducting layer in the openings; and finally forming a second electrode layer on the light-emitting layer. The organic electro-luminescence device and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention is capable of providing the light-emitting layer with a uniform thickness and therefore raising of yield of the fabricating process and improving of the displaying quality of the organic electro-luminescence device.

Abstract: A tandem OLED device includes an anode, a cathode, at least first and second electroluminescent units disposed between the anode and the cathode. The electroluminescent units include an individually selected organic light-emitting layer and an intermediate connector disposed between the first and second electroluminescent units. The intermediate connector includes an n-type doped organic layer having an n-type dopant and an electron-transporting material. The electron-transporting material is a mixture of a first organic compound that has the lowest LUMO value of the compounds in the n-type doped organic layer, in an amount greater than or equal to 10% by volume and less than 100% by volume of the layer; at least one second organic compound exhibiting a higher LUMO value than the first organic compound.

Abstract: A stacked organic electroluminescent device, which includes a substrate, an anode layer, organic emitting layers, carrier generation layers, reflecting layers and a cathode layer, is provided. The substrate has first emitting region, second emitting region, and third emitting region. The anode layer is above the substrate. And above the anode layer are the following layers sequentially: a first organic emitting layer, a first carrier generation layer, a second organic emitting layer, a second carrier generation layer, and a third organic emitting layer. The first reflecting layer, the second reflecting layer, and the third reflecting layer are in the stacked structure. And each of them is disposed corresponding to the first emitting region, the second emitting region, and the third emitting region. The cathode layer is on the third organic emitting layer. The stacked organic electroluminescent device has full color spectrum, improved luminant efficiency, and color purity.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic EL display device having a planarizing layer, which is prevented from being distorted. The above organic EL display device has a planarizing layer, which retains 5% or less the oligomer used to form this layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electroluminescence device which can overcome a drawback that a light emitting layer deteriorates when a cathode layer is formed on the light emitting layer and has no decline in the original function; and a production method which is suitable for producing such an electroluminescence device. An electroluminescence device has a laminated structure wherein an anode layer, a light emitting layer, a charge transporting protection layer, and a cathode layer are successively formed on a substrate, in which the charge transporting protection layer comprises a transparent insulating material, or a transparent insulating material and a metal.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display with enhanced luminance and light uniformity is presented, along with a method of manufacturing the display. The display including: a substrate, a first signal line formed on the substrate and a second signal line extending perpendicularly to the first signal line, and thin film transistors formed on the substrate and electrically coupled to the first signal line and the second signal line. A planarization member is formed on the same layer as the first signal line and/or the second signal line, such that it does not overlap the first signal line, the second signal line, and the thin film transistors. An insulating layer is formed on the first signal line, the second signal line, the thin film transistors, and the planarization member. Two electrodes are formed on the insulating layer connected to one of the thin film transistors and sandwiching a light emitting member.