Abstract: The present invention provides novel synthetic oligonucleotide sequences (hereinafter sequence) of 3 to 9 bases in length comprising one or more non-DNA bases wherein the bases are nebularine, hypoxanthine, or uracil, or combinations of nebularine, hypoxanthine and uracil bases. These sequences optionally further comprise one or more guanine bases or one or more thymine bases, or combinations thereof. The present invention also provides methods of using these compositions to induce responses in cells, and to treat diseases and conditions characterized by undesired cellular proliferation such as autoimmune disease, lymphoproliferative disease, inflammation or cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nucleic acid molecules, encoding kallikrein 15, a novel member of the kallikrein family. Also provided herein are vectors and host cells comprising the nucleic acid molecules, and methods for producing kallikrein 15 proteins.

Abstract: Nucleic acids encoding preduramycin and produramycin are described, along with recombinant nucleic acids and host cells containing the same and methods of use thereof, such as for the manufacture of the lantibiotic duramycin.

Abstract: The invention relates to nucleic acid molecules which code for the tumor rejection antigen precursor MAGE-4 and 41. Also disclosed are vectors, cell lines, and so forth, which utilize the nucleic acid molecule, and optionally, molecules coding for human leukocyte antigen HLA-A1. Use of these materials in therapeutic and diagnostic contexts are also a part of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel polynucleotides encoding one of a uracil transport protein and a uracil phosphoribosyl transferase, each being derived from Salmonella typhimurium. The disclosed uracil phosphoribosyl transferase protein is useful in sensitizing human cancer cells to treatment with anti-cancer agents such as 5-Fluorouracil.

Abstract: An artificial promoter library (or a set of promoter sequences) for a selected organism or group of organisms is constructed as a mixture of double stranded DNA fragments, the sense strands of which comprise at least two consensus sequences of efficient promoters from said organism or group of organisms, or parts thereof comprising at least half of each, and surrounding intermediate nucleotide sequences (spacers) of variable length in which at least 7 nucleotides are selected randomly among the nucleobases A, T, C and G. The sense strands of the double stranded DNA fragments may also include a regulatory DNA sequence imparting a specific regulatory feature, such as activation by a change in the growth conditions, to the promoters of the library. Further, they may have a sequence comprising one or more recognition sites for restriction endonucleases added to one or both of their ends.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods related to human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTRT), the catalytic protein subunit of human telomerase. The polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are useful for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of human diseases, for changing the proliferative capacity of cells and organisms, and for identification and screening of compounds and treatments useful for treatment of diseases such as cancers.

Abstract: The present invention provides predominantly callus-specific promoters obtainable from Brassica napus plants. According to the present invention there is provided a DNA fragment harbouring a callus specific promoter, said DNA fragment being present in clone pJB1178-21 or clone pJB1178-43, respectively deposited with the Centraal Bureau of Schimmelcultures (Baarn, the Netherlands) on 6 Feb. 2001 under no. CBS 109271 and no. CBS 109273. The DNA fragment according to the present invention is further characterised in that it comprises the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2 or the full length sequences as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 8 or SEQ ID NO: 9 respectively or parts thereof. Further, the invention comprises the homologue sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11, respectively.

Abstract: Synthetic processes are provided wherein oligomeric compounds are prepared having phosphodiester, phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, or other covalent linkages. The oligomers have substantially reduced exocyclic adducts deriving from acrylonitrile or related contaminants.

Abstract: A flexible organic single crystal has a plurality of columns. The plurality of columns includes a plurality of planar organic compounds arranged so that molecular planes of molecules are respectively parallel to each other. As the organic compound, an organic compound is used that has a large molecular plane and a large area overlapping on an adjacent organic compound due to an intermolecular interaction. Further, energy changes in proportion to a strain. In this structure, when force along the direction of a stack axis is exerted, an angle formed by the stack axis and the normal of the molecular plane of the organic compound changes. Thus, the single crystal obtains flexibility.

Abstract: The invention relates to triazines and the use thereof to inhibit lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase ? (LPAAT-?) activity. The invention further relates to methods of treating cancer using said triazines. The invention also relates to methods for screening for LPAAT-? activity.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or hydrolysable ester thereof, Wherein: R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl; X represents a bond, CH2 or O; R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, OCH3, CF3, allyl or halogen; X1 is CH2, SO2, or CO; R5 is —C1-6 alkyl (optionally substituted by C1-6alkoxy or C1-6alkylthio), —C2-6 alkenyl, —C0-6 alkyl phenyl (wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted by one or more CF3, halogen, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy), —COC1-6 alkyl, SO2C1-6 alkyl; R6 is phenyl or a 6 membered heteroaryl group containing 1, 2 or 3 N atoms wherein the phenyl or heteroaryl group is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 moieties selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, halogen, —OC1-6 alkyl, —SO2C1-3 alkyl, phenyl (optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from halogen, CF3, C1-3 alkyl, OC1-3 alkyl, acetyl, CN).

Abstract: Saturated cyclic amines (e.g., piperazines and piperidines) are reductively alkylated with an N-containing heteroaryl carbaldehyde using an alkylcarboxylic acid and a borohydride to obtain a product comprising an N-((N-containing heteroaryl)methyl)-substituted cyclic amine and one or more borane complexes thereof, after which the product is treated with a catalytic amount of a Pt or Pd catalyst in the presence of an alcohol to cleave the borane complex(es) and thereby afford the N-((N-containing heteroaryl)methyl)cyclic amine free of borane complex. Saturated cyclic amines are also reductively alkylated by adding an N-containing heteroaryl carbaldehyde and the amine to a tetrahydroborate salt-alkylcarboxylic acid-solvent admixture and aging the resulting reaction mixture to obtain an alkylated product substantially free of borane complex.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing (S)-2-[4-(4-chlorobenzhydryl)piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxyacetamide and (R)-2-[4-(4-chlorobenzhydryl)piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxyacetamide by separation of a racemic mixture using multiple column chromatography.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of a compound of formula (I): wherein P1 and P2, which may be the same or different, are amino protecting groups, which comprises protection of a compound of formula (II) in solution phase continuous operation mode. This confers advantages over batch mode operation. The process is usually conducted in reaction equipment adapted for use in continuous processing mode, for example comprising one or more static mixers or a plug flow reactor. Preferably, the plug flow reactor comprises a jacketed tubular reactor fitted inside with internal mixing elements which continually split and remix the reaction streams promoting mass and heat transfer, whereby a uniform plug flow profile with turbulent fluid flow is achieved. The invention also provides a process for production of the antibacterial compound gemifloxacin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or hydrate thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula (I).

Abstract: PPAR alpha activators, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds to elevate certain plasma lipid levels, including high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and to lower certain other plasma lipid levels, such as LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and accordingly to treat diseases which are exacerbated by low levels of HDL cholesterol and/or high levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, in mammals, including humans.

Abstract: Selected compounds are effective for treatment of pain and diseases, such as inflammation mediated diseases. The invention encompasses novel compounds, analogs, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases and other maladies or conditions involving pain, inflammation, and the like. The subject invention also relates to processes for making such compounds as well as to intermediates useful in such processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to selected 4-imino-N-alkoxy-polyalkyl-peperidine compounds preparation, a polymerizable composition comprising a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and b) a 4-imino-N-alkoxy-polyalkyl-piperidine compound. Further aspects of the present invention are a process for polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and the use of 4-imino-N-alkoxy-polyalkyl-piperidine compounds for controlled polymerization.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of general formula (I), wherein R1 is CN or CSNH2; R2 is hydrogen or chloride; and R3 is halogen or haloalkyl or haloalkoxy or SF5 which process comprises reacting a compound of formula (II), where R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above; with a proton source.

Abstract: A derivative of amlodipine having the following formula is useful as a pharmaceutical, either alone or in combination with amlodipine, in treating angina and hypertension.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a pharmaceutical starting compound compound by hydrolyzing a compound of the general formula (II): Wherein R1 is protected carboxy, R2 is lower alkoxy or higher alkoxy, A1 is an aromatic bivalent group, heterocyclic bivalent group or cyclo (lower) alkane bivalent group, and A2 is an aromatic bivalent group, heterocyclic bivalent group or cyclo (lower) alkane bivalent group, with aqueous potassium hydroxide and by treating with hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided novel coupling agents which are compatible with a wide variety of adhesive formulations and which provide substantial adhesion enhancement relative to base formulations to which they are added. Invention compounds comprise at least one free-radically polymerizable group (other than acrylate) and at least one reactive moiety which forms covalent bond(s) with substrates having free hydroxyl groups on the surface thereof. Thus, invention compounds are covalently linked to adhesive formulations upon free radical cure, while at the same time providing “residual” functionality which is capable of undergoing reaction with any substrate having reactive (e.g., hydroxyl) groups in the surface thereof.

Abstract: The invention includes methods of processing an initial di-carbonyl compound by conversion to a cyclic compound. The cyclic compound is reacted with an alkylating agent to form a derivative having an alkylated ring nitrogen. The invention encompasses a method of producing an N-alkyl product. Ammonia content of a solution is adjusted to produce a ratio of ammonia to di-carboxylate compound of from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1. An alkylating agent is added and the initial compound is alkylated and cyclized. The invention includes methods of making N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). Aqueous ammonia and succinate is introduced into a vessel and ammonia is adjusted to provide a ratio of ammonia to succinate of less than 2:1. A methylating agent is reacted with succinate at a temperature of from greater than 100° C. to about 400° C. to produce N-methyl succinimide which is purified and hydrogenated to form NMP.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the production of linear organic thiophene-phenylene oligomers represented by the following general formula (I), The process involves reacting (e.g., by means of a Suzuki coupling reaction) a compound represented by the following general formula (II), with a formula represented by the following general formula (III), The reaction may be conducted optionally in the presence of catalysts, optionally in a solution and/or optionally at elevated temperature. The linear organic thiophene-phenylene oligomers of the present invention may be used to form semi-conductive coatings.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process wherein a first olefin selected from certain ?,?-dihydroxyalkenes and 4-(alkenyl)ethylenecarbonates is reacted with a second olefin reactant to produce an olefin metathesis product. When the first olefin reactant is an optically enriched or enantiomerically pure ?,?-dihydroxyalkene, cross metathesis reactions produce products possessing the same optical purity. The ?,?-dihydroxyalkenes and the 4-(alkenyl)ethylene carbonates may be converted to hydrogenated products, and the 4-(alkenyl)ethylenecarbonates may be decarboxylated to provide the corresponding epoxides. The products of the disclosure may be used as monomers for the preparation of specialty polyesters and as intermediates in the manufacture pharmaceuticals and other chemicals.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkylene carbonate, which comprises reacting an alkylene oxide with carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor to obtain a reaction mixture containing an alkylene carbonate, the reactor communicating with a process-side channel of a heat exchanger through a piping to form a circulation circuit, wherein the process is characterized in that it further comprises, during or after the reaction, flowing a process liquid through the circulation circuit including the reactor and the process-side channel of the heat exchanger while flowing a heat exchange medium having a temperature of from 140° C. to 200° C. through the heat exchange-side channel of the heat exchanger, thereby maintaining the inner temperature of the process-side channel at 135° C. to 200° C.

Abstract: Process for converting certain lactones to their alpha-methylene derivatives in the liquid phase with both high conversion and selectivity using easily recoverable novel heterogeneous catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst precursor, a catalyst system comprising the precursor, and a polymerization method using the catalyst system, an embodiment of the precursor is selected from the following structures: wherein T is a bridging group; M is selected from Groups 3 to 13 atoms, and the Lanthanide series of atoms the Periodic Table of the Elements; Z is a coordination ligand; each L is a monovalent, bivalent, or trivalent anionic ligand; X and Y are each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus; each R can be the same or different and is a bulky substituent that is sterically hindering with respect to X and Y.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds having organooxysilyl groups at ends and a polysulfide group at an intermediate of the molecule, which are linked through a divalent hydrocarbon group containing a monosulfide or polysulfide group are novel. These organosilicon compounds are effective as a rubber compounding agent.

Abstract: A new process is disclosed for the synthesis of racemic or optically pure N-[4-cyano-3-trifluoro-methyl-phenyl]-3[4-fluorophenyl-sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionamide. The process includes the formation of several novel intermediates in the synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for preparing a compound of general formula (A), as reported in the description, wherein R is a radical of naproxen or bromonaproxen and R1–R12 are hydrogen or alkyl groups, m, n, o, q, r and s are each independently an integer from 0 to 6, and p is 0 or 1, and and X is O, S, SO, SO2, NR13 or PR13 or an aryl, heteroaryl group, said process comprising reacting a compound of formula (B) R—COOZ??(B) wherein R is as defined above and Z is hydrogen or a cation selected from: Li+, Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, tetralkylammonium, tetralkylphosphonium, with a compound of formula (C), as reported in the description, wherein R1–R12 and m, n, o, p, q, r, s are as defined above and Y is a suitable leaving group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an enantiomerically enriched ?-(phenoxy)phenylacetic acid compound of the formula (I): from its enantiomeric mixture, where R1 is alkyl or haloalkyl R7 is heteroalkyl and X is halide.

Abstract: A method of producing 2-fluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ester, which comprise by allowing a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein X represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom; and R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group composed of an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; to react with a reducing agent in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. According to the production method of the present invention, the reaction time of dehalogenation can be greatly shortened.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel synthesis methods for the preparation of the intermediates, which are suitable for the preparation of statin derivatives, especially to novel synthesis methods of the intermediate of formula VI wherein Ra and Rc are each independently of the other hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group or together are a bridging hydroxy-protecting group, and Rb is a carboxy-protecting group, which methods are carried out by conversion of the intermediate of formula XIX wherein Ra and Rc are each independently of the other hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group, and Rb is a carboxy-protective group

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel compound, 3-hydroxypropyl ester of 2-trifluoromethyl acrylic acid, represented by the formula [1]. The invention further relates to a process for producing the compound.

Abstract: A method of co-producing acetic anhydride and an acetate ester includes pyrolizing acetic acid at elevated temperature to produce a first ketene stream, the first ketene stream being a vapor phase stream comprising ketene, acetic acid and water; cooling the first ketene stream to condense acetic acid and water therefrom, thereby generating (i) a weak acid aqueous stream and (ii) a ketene feed stream; feeding the ketene feed stream to an acetic anhydride reactor where the ketene is reacted with acetic acid to produce acetic anhydride; concurrently with step (c), feeding the weak acid aqueous stream to an esterification reactor wherein acetic acid in the weak acid stream is reacted with an organic alcohol to produce an acetate ester.

Abstract: Provided is a separating method for an optical isomer mixture comprising the steps of mixing an amino acid derivative such as N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-DL-alanine in which optical isomers of a D type and an L type are present in a mixture with a hydrophilic compound such as ?-cyclodextrin having a different affinity to two kinds of the optical isomers described above and then bringing the resulting aqueous solution or aqueous suspension into contact with a hydrophobic substance such as a solid matter subjected on a surface thereof to hydrophobic treatment on the condition that the pH is 3.5 or lower or under the coexistence of ions including an atomic group having hydrophobicity which can be a counter ion for the amino acid derivative described above such as a triethylammonium ion to thereby separate the D type amino acid derivative from the L type amino acid derivative present in the above aqueous solution or aqueous suspension.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) which are thyroid receptor ligands, and are preferably selective for the thyroid hormone receptor ?, to methods of preparing such compounds and to methods for using such compounds such as in the regulation of metabolism.

Abstract: A process for the purification of gabapentin by treatment of a crude aqueous gabapentin hydrochloride solution with a strong cationic ion exchange resin.

Abstract: Small molecule polycationic agents are used to modulate or interrupt biological processes by binding to oligosaccharide-based biomolecules. Compounds that inhibit nitric oxide, TNF? or other immunomodulators are provided and are useful for treating immunological disease and disease of an infectious disorder.

Abstract: A new process for the production of dendritic trimesic acid triamides is described.

Abstract: A novel method for producing stabilized antioxidant-free solutions based on phenolic substances which consists in deoxygenation of the solutions with an inert gas, and in deoxygenation of gas holdups of the vessels, of the manufacturing pipes and inerting of ampoules and flasks containing the solution with a dense inert rare gas such as argon, at low temperature and with pH adjusted above 3.0 and below 5.0 to obtain stable solutions of phenolic substances containing not more than 0.02 ppm of oxygen in the solution, which is filtered by double sterilizing filtration useful for human or animal therapeutic treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the separation of methyl mercaptan from reaction gas mixtures obtained by means of the catalytic conversion of H2S with methanol, by means of converting the methyl mercaptan into MMP in the presence of the byproducts with acrolein, and separating the same.

Abstract: A method for reducing the concentration of cyclohexenone in a cyclohexenone containing organic mixture is disclosed. The method includes contacting an organic mixture comprising cyclohexenone with an effective amount of at least one of sulfurous acid, a salt of sulfurous acid, an alkali hydroxide, or a mixture of two or more of these compounds.

Abstract: A method for preparing p-(2-hydroxyalkyloxy)styrene monomers and oligomers is described. The method comprises a base-catalyzed reaction of a styrene ester, a suitable alcohol and an alkylene oxide in a single vessel reaction. In this method, the reactive p-hydroxystyrene is generated in situ via the base-catalyzed transesterification reaction between the styrene ester and the alcohol in the presence of the base catalyst. The p-hydroxystyrene formed reacts with the alkylene oxide to form the p-(2-hydroxyalkyloxy)styrene monomer or oligomer.

Abstract: A process for selectively removing alkynes and/or diolefins from a feedstock also containing olefins comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst composition. The catalyst composition comprises at least one metal component selected from Groups 8 to 10 of the Periodic Table of Elements impregnated on a support, wherein an organic nitrogen-containing compound is contacted with the support before, during or after the metal impregnation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a simple process for preparing specifically substituted indenes of the formula (I) or (Ia) to compounds of the formula (II) serving as starting materials and to the use of the compounds of the formula (II) as starting materials for the synthesis of substituted indenes.

Abstract: This invention provides for a process for hydrocarbon conversion in which a partially dehydrated hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with at least two different molecular sieve materials, including a first molecular sieve having a Si/Al molar ratio of less than about 5 and a second molecular sieve having a Si/Al molar ratio of greater than about 5. Also, this invention includes such processes in which such feedstocks are contacted with a first molecular sieve having pores of at least about 6 Angstroms and a second molecular sieve having pores of less than about 6 Angstroms.

Abstract: The present invention provides various processes for producing methanol and ethanol, preferably in a mixed alcohol stream. In one embodiment, the invention includes directing syngas to a synthesis zone wherein the syngas contacts a methanol synthesis catalyst and an ethanol synthesis catalyst (either a homologation catalyst or a fuel alcohol synthesis catalyst) under conditions effective to form methanol and ethanol. The methanol and ethanol, in a desired ratio, are directed to an oxygenate to olefin reaction system for conversion thereof to ethylene and propylene in a desired ratio. The invention also relates to processes for varying the weight ratio of ethylene to propylene formed in an oxygenate to olefin reaction system.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for converting oxygenates to olefins that include a step of pretreating catalyst, which comprises molecular sieve and one or more active metal oxides of one or more metals, with a hydrocarbon composition to provide an integrated hydrocarbon co-catalyst within the molecular sieve. The combination of molecular sieve and hydrocarbon co-catalyst converts oxygenate to an olefin product with high selectivity to light olefins (i.e., ethylene or propylene, or mixture thereof).