Abstract: An apparatus and method of reducing a flicker noise of a CMOS amplifier is provided. In the CMOS amplifier, a load circuit is connected to a signal input circuit which includes two pairs of MOSFETs which simultaneously receive differential signals. In this instance, a first MOSFET included in a switch-bias circuit is connected to one pair of MOSFETs which receive the differential signals and functions as a current source in the case of activation of a clock signal Ø1. A second MOSFET included in the switch-bias circuit is connected to another pair of MOSFETs which receive the differential signals and functions as a current source in the case of activation of a clock signal Ø2.

Abstract: There is provided a power amplifier circuit that applies an output voltage according to a given input voltage to a load, the power amplifier circuit includes an amplifying section of which an output port is connected to the load and that outputs the output voltage according to the input voltage, a source-side power source path that supplies an electric current output from the amplifying section via the output port to the amplifying section, a sink-side power source path that supplies an electric current drawn from the amplifying section via the output port to the amplifying section, a source-side capacitor that is connected between the output port of the amplifying section and the source-side power source path, and a sink-side capacitor that is connected between the output port of the amplifying section and the sink-side power source path.

Abstract: A bipolar high output current buffer is disclosed using a negative feedback current mirror to supply the base drive to an output transistor. Small quiescent currents are used wherein the buffer demonstrates low quiescent power dissipation. The current mirror supplies the incremental base drive to the output transistor to support high output currents. When the output drive may source or sink the high output currents, two current mirrors may be used, one for each of the source and the sinking circuitry. This invention provides for minimal loss of dynamic range.

Abstract: A timing controller is disclosed that includes: an amplifier part configured to amplify a first input signal in accordance with a control voltage, the first input signal being one of a transmission signal and a signal of a fixed value; a detector part configured to detect envelope information from the output signal of the amplifier part; a controller part configured to determine a delay difference from the transmission signal and the envelope information and transmit a timing control signal based on the delay difference; and a delay corrector part configured to correct the delay of a second input signal in accordance with the timing control signal, the second input signal being one of the transmission signal and a signal of a fixed value. One of the first and second input signals employs the corresponding signal of the fixed value in the case of correcting the delay.

Abstract: A power amplification controlling apparatus and method in a mobile communication system are provided. An amplifying part amplifies an input Radio Frequency (RF) signal with a power supply voltage. A bias adaptation part detects a change in at least one an operation and an environment of the amplifying part, attenuates the RF signal according to the detected change, detecting the envelope of the attenuated signal, and generates a supply voltage control signal according to the envelope. A power supply part changes the power supply voltage in response to the supply voltage control signal.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a radio frequency (RF) and/or microwave power amplification device which is intended, for example, for a radio communication terminal, comprising means for shielding the device and means for controlling the power delivered as output from said device, said power-control means comprising a power servo loop having power-amplification means, reference means, detection means and comparison means. The aforementioned control means also comprise at least one sensor to detect the energy radiated inside the device.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizing apparatus and method having an injection-locked quadrature VCO in an RF transceiver is provided. In the frequency synthesizer, an I signal following a frequency of a high frequency signal that is input using the injection-locked quadrature VCO and a Q signal thereof are simultaneously generated to have an appropriate driving power. Accordingly, the I signal and the Q signal thereof that are generated in the injection-locked quadrature VCO may be utilized as a local signal for frequency up/down-conversion, without being buffered. An output of an SSB mixer may be directly input into the injection-locked quadrature VCO. Also, high frequency signals that are generated in another circuit such as the SSB mixer, a PLL, or a VCO may be selected to be input into the injection-locked quadrature VCO by a selector.

Abstract: A PLL frequency generator is disclosed for generating an output signal with a settable target frequency, comprising a) a voltage-controlled oscillator for generating the output signal, b) a switchable frequency divider, which is connected to the voltage-controlled oscillator and is designed to derive from the output signal a frequency-divided signal whose instantaneous frequency depends on a value of an adjustable divisor, c) a switchable delay unit, which is connected to the frequency divider and is designed to generate a delayed signal in that the frequency-divided signal is delayed by delay times that depend on a control word, and d) a controller connected to the switchable delay unit controller and designed to determine the control words. According to the invention, the controller has a sigma-delta modulator and is designed to determine the control words depending on at least one signal provided by the sigma-delta modulator.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a communications device having a comparator that receives a signal associated with an output and produces a signal associated with a difference between a reference signal and the output signal. A loop filter is coupled to the comparator and accepts the difference signal. An oscillator is coupled to the loop filter and accepts the loop filter signal. It produces a signal with a frequency-characteristic in response. The oscillator can operate at a plurality of segments. A segment selection circuit is coupled to the oscillator. It determines which segment will be selected based upon a signal associated with an expected frequency characteristic, and outputs a signal associated with the particular segment. In response, the oscillator can then change its operational state to the particular segment. An amplification circuit is coupled to the oscillator, and produces an output signal with the particular frequency characteristic.

Abstract: Techniques to effectively handle large voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) gain are described. The techniques utilize (1) a slow high-gain path to provide an average control current that adjusts the center frequency of a VCO and (2) a fast low-gain path to provide an instantaneous control current that adjusts the VCO frequency during normal operation. In one design, the VCO includes a voltage-to-current converter, a current amplifier, a summer, and a current-controlled oscillator (ICO). The voltage-to-current converter receives a control voltage and generates a first current and a second current. The current amplifier amplifies and filters the first current and generates a third current. The summer sums the second current and the third current and generates a control current. The ICO receives the control current and generates an oscillator signal having a frequency determined by the control current.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop (PLL) for rapid lock-in applicable to digital, analog, or hybrid digital-analog PLL circuits is provided. Besides the units for basic operation, including a phase-frequency detector (PFD), a charge pump, a loop filter, and/or a voltage/current/digital-controlled oscillator (VCO/ICO/DCO), an additional lock-in actuator circuit is provided for providing lock-in signals, achieving the purpose of rapid lock-in through operational processes.

Abstract: In case that a frequency bandwidth of an output signal of a phase-locked loop (PLL) depends upon a current provided from a charge pump, a control current provided from a voltage-current (VI) converter, a resistance of a loop filter, a conversion constant of the VI converter and a reference frequency applied to a phase-frequency detector (PFD), in the PLL, a variation of the current provided from the charge pump due to effects of process, voltage and temperature (PVT) cancels with a variation of the control current provided from the VI converter due to effects of PVT, and a variation of the resistance of the loop filter due to effects of PVT cancels with a variation of the conversion constant of the VI converter due to effects of PVT.

Abstract: An apparatus for rapidly tracking fundamental frequency information in the signal of an electric grid is a cross-coupled phase-lock loop filter (CCPLL) that includes the use of a phase-lock-loop (PLL) apparatus having a plurality individual filters, wherein an input for a first filter in the plurality of individual filters comprises the signal of the electric grid and an output signal from at least a second filter in the plurality of individual filters. A method for using the CCPLL includes applying a signal to the CCPLL and monitoring the output of the CCPLL. Use of the CCPLL may be accomplished or modeled via computer instructions stored on machine readable media.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for impedance matching (e.g., for a power amplifier) comprising a first node (204a) for receiving an output current to be impedance matched; a second node (212, 214) for receiving output current from the first node; a first current conductor (202c) for carrying current from the first node to the second node; a third node (204b) for receiving output current from the second node; and a second current conductor (202d) for carrying current from said second node to said third node, whereby the first and second current conductors are closely positioned so that their inductance is the sum of their self-inductances and the negative sum of their mutual inductance.

Abstract: An element includes a member to be soldered, a first member having a firs path for receiving the member, and a second member having a second path for receiving the member. The second member is made of a material that has a soldering ability higher than that of the first member. The member received in the first and second paths is soldered to the second path.

Abstract: A coupler assembly may include first and second electromagnetic couplers connected together. In some examples, the couplers may be connected in cascade configuration, with at least the second coupler including at least third and fourth couplers connected in tandem configuration. In some examples, a first asymmetric coupler may include a plurality of coupler sections connected in cascade configuration, and a second coupler connected to the first coupler in tandem configuration. In some examples, a direct port of a first coupler section may be conductively connected through a second coupler section to an isolated port of the first coupler section.

Abstract: In a longitudinally coupled resonator SAW filter apparatus, one end of each N first longitudinally coupled resonator SAW filter, where N is an integer equal to or greater than 2, is connected in parallel to an unbalanced signal terminal, the first N longitudinally coupled resonator SAW filters are connected in a cascade arrangement to M second longitudinally coupled resonator SAW filters, where M is an integer equal to or greater than 1, the M second longitudinally coupled resonator SAW filter are connected to first and second balanced signal terminals, and N and M are selected such that N>M.

Abstract: A resonator, a band-pass filter, and a duplexer are provided. In the resonator, a first electrode is formed of a nonmagnetic conductive material. A ferromagnetic fixed layer is disposed on the first electrode and has a magnetization direction which is fixed. A nonmagnetic conductive layer is disposed on the ferromagnetic fixed layer. A ferromagnetic free layer is disposed on the nonmagnetic conductive layer and has a magnetization direction which varies depending on an external magnetic field. A second electrode is disposed on the ferromagnetic free layer and comprises a nonmagnetic conductive material. The band-pass filter and the duplexer are configured using the resonator. The band-pass filter and the duplexer can operate in a high-frequency range and be miniaturized. The bandwidth of the band-pass filter and the duplexer can be adjusted and the band-pass filter and the duplexer can be formed in one body with an integrated circuit.

Abstract: A tunable electromagnetic delay line, comprising a first conductor with a first main direction of extension, said first conductor being arranged on top of a non-conducting substrate, characterized in that the delay line additionally comprises a layer of a ferroelectric material with first and second main surfaces, which layer separates the first conductor and the substrate, and in that the delay line also comprises a second conductor with a second main direction of extension, with the first and second main directions of extensions essentially coinciding with each other, and with the first and second conductors being each other's mirror image with respect to an imagined line in the center of the delay line along said first and second main directions of extension, said tuning being accomplished by applying a voltage between said first and second conductors.

Abstract: The five conductive plates are formed on the principal surface of the stacked five dielectric layers, respectively. The two side anode electrodes are connected to the two conductive plates, while the two side cathode electrodes are connected to the three conductive plates. The two anode electrodes are connected to the two side anode electrodes, respectively. The one cathode electrode is connected to one of two side cathode electrodes, while the other cathode electrode is connected to the other one of two side cathode electrodes. The two conductive plates pass a current along the opposite direction from the three conductive plates. Where the overlap part between the two conductive plates and three conductive plates, the length in which a current flows is set not less than length of the perpendicular direction to the direction in which the current flows. As a result, the impedance can be reduced due to a reducing inductance.

Abstract: A capacitor block includes a first capacitor electrode connected to a first terminal, a first common capacitor electrode, a third capacitor electrode connected to a third terminal, a second common capacitor electrode, and a second capacitor electrode connected to a second terminal. One surface of the first capacitor electrode faces one surface of the first common capacitor electrode with a dielectric material therebetween. The other surface of the first common capacitor electrode faces one surface of the third capacitor electrode with a dielectric material therebetween. The other surface of the third capacitor electrode faces one surface of the second common capacitor electrode with a dielectric material therebetween. The other surface of the second common capacitor electrode faces one surface of the second capacitor electrode with a dielectric material therebetween. The first common capacitor electrode is electrically connected to the second common capacitor electrode.

Abstract: In order to provide a SAW filter having a wide passband matching to the digital TV broadcast waves so as to be low-loss, and obtaining a sharp and large attenuation in the outside of the TV broadcast waves, a constant-K filter is composed of series arm SAW resonators and parallel arm SAW resonators, and a circuit component is formed by connecting an inductor for shifting a resonant point/antiresonant point to the series arm SAW resonator in series or to the parallel arm SAW resonator in parallel. A plurality of the circuit components are connected in a cascade connection to each other in a plurality of stages via inductors for shifting the resonant point/antiresonant point.

Abstract: In accordance with principles of the present invention, a two or more pole dielectric resonator circuit is provided with resonators that are elliptical in cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. The resonators are mounted so that they are rotatable about their longitudinal axes, such that the straight line distance between two adjacent resonators measured in a straight line between orthogonal to and intersecting the longitudinal axes of the tow resonators is a function of the orientation of the resonators about their longitudinal axes. The resonators can be oriented about their longitudinal axes in any orientation to adjust their spacing, which is directly proportional to their coupling magnitude, which, in turn, is proportional to the bandwidth of the circuit.

Abstract: A parallel coupled CPW line filter is provided, including a first and a second coupled lines arranged on one side of an insulating body and connected in parallel with each other, and a ground arranged on the same plane as the first and the second coupled lines, comprising a pair of ground parts spaced apart from the first and the second coupled lines, respectively, the ground parts each comprising recesses sunken from areas close to the first and the second coupled lines.

Abstract: The present invention provides a waveguide for the TM mode having a simpler configuration. The waveguide has: a pair of main ground electrodes (2a) and (2b) disposed so as to face each other in parallel with each other with a dielectric block (4) in between; and a pair of side walls (3a) and (3b), each constructed of a plurality of sub ground electrodes (11) provided between the pair of main ground electrodes (2a) and (2b), the sub ground electrodes (11) stacked in parallel with the main ground electrodes (2a) and (2b) with a interval along a direction orthogonal to the main ground electrodes (2a) and (2b). Electromagnetic waves in the TM mode may propagate in a region (5) surrounded by the pair of main ground electrodes (2a) and (2b) and the pair of side walls (3a) and (3b).

Abstract: Disclosed is a coaxial cable that includes a central inner conductor, a dielectric that coaxially surrounds the inner conductor, a band-shaped first outer conductor which is wound around the dielectric in a helical and overlapping manner, a woven high-tensile outer conductor that coaxially encloses the first outer conductor, and a sleeve which coaxially envelops the high-tensile outer conductor. Constant transmission characteristics of the cable can be ensured by providing additional sheathing for mechanically and/or electrically stabilizing the first outer conductor within the coaxial cable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alternating-current power supply device which can improve a power factor of an alternating-current load, realizes low cost and miniaturization, and recovers magnetic energy. The alternating-current power supply device includes a bridge circuit composed of four reverse conducting semiconductor switches, a capacitor that is connected between direct-current terminals of the bridge circuit and absorbs the magnetic energy at the time of cutting off the current, an alternating-current voltage source that is connected to the induction load in series and is inserted between alternating-current terminals of the bridge circuit, and a control circuit that gives a control signal to gates of the respective reverse conducting semiconductor switches and controls on/off states of the respective reverse conducting semiconductor switches.

Abstract: A magnet system for generating a magnetic field may include a superconducting magnet, a switch, and a heater element thermally coupled to the switch. The superconducting magnet is structured to generate magnetic fields, and the switch includes a non-inductive superconducting current carrying path connected in parallel to the superconducting magnet. In general, the switch is structured to only carry a level of current that is a portion of the current required to obtain a full field by the superconducting magnet.

Abstract: In accordance with certain embodiments, the present invention provides a magnetizing system. This system includes a guide channel that is configured to receive a ferromagnetic element. When in this channel, a magnetic field source of the system is operable to magnetize the ferromagnetic element. Also, the exemplary system includes an actuation mechanism that drives the ferromagnetic element through the guide channel. Because a positioning mechanism of the system has aligned the guide channel with a slot of an electromagnetic machine component, the ferromagnetic element is routed through the channel and into the slot.

Abstract: An embedded inductor structure includes at least one coil and a magnetic body. The coil is formed by winding a conductive wire from a central portion to both ends. The coil is embedded in the magnetic body.

Abstract: A transformer has a cover and a bobbin. The cover has a cavity and a bottom opening. The cavity is formed inside of the over. The bobbin is mounted inside the cavity in the cover and has two surfaces, multiple pins and multiple coils. The pins are mounted through the bobbin and protrude from the two surfaces of the bobbin. The coils are mounted between the pins and have wires connected to each other. After the coils are connected to pins and tested, the bobbin with the coils can be mounted in the cover so that the process of fabricating the transformer is easier.

Abstract: A transformer having auxiliary winding coils for sensing magnetic flux balance is disclosed. The transformer comprises a first winding part having a first channel, a second winding part having a second channel a third winding part having a third channel, a primary winding coil wound around the first winding part, a first secondary winding coil wound around the second winding part, a second secondary winding coil wound around the third winding part, a first auxiliary winding coil for sensing magnetic flux balance wound around the second winding part, a second auxiliary winding coil for sensing magnetic flux balance wound around the third winding part, and a magnetic core assembly having a first extension part disposed in the first channel, a second extension part disposed in the second channel, and a third extension part disposed in the third channel.

Abstract: An electrical inductor circuit element comprising an elongate electrical conductor coupled magnetically with thin layers of magnetic material extending along at least a part of the conductor above and below the conductor. The aspect ratio of the thickness of each of the layers of magnetic material to its lateral dimensions is between 0.001 and 0.5 and is preferably between 0.01 and 0.1. This range of aspect ratio has a high ferromagnetic resonance frequency. The inductor preferably includes magnetic interconnections extending beside the conductor and interconnecting the layers of magnetic material at positions where magnetic flux generated by electrical current flowing along the conductor is transverse to the layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-layer inductor structure. A metal film is used to form the coils. The dielectric material of the inductor in the present invention is air or the printed circuit board. The metal film surrounding a point is formed in a multi-layer printed circuit board. The multi-layer inductor structure occupies a smaller area in the motherboard but has the same inductance compared with a single layer inductor structure.

Abstract: A planar magnetic inductor and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The planar magnetic inductor comprises an insulating oxide magnetic layer formed on a substrate, a conductive coil separated from a lower surface of the insulating oxide magnetic layer while being completely embedded in the insulating oxide magnetic layer, and a cover layer formed on the insulating oxide magnetic layer for protecting the insulating oxide magnetic layer. The insulating oxide magnetic layer comprises a lower insulating oxide magnetic layer, and an upper insulating oxide magnetic layer formed on the lower insulating oxide magnetic layer, such that the conductive coil is completely embedded in the upper insulating oxide magnetic layer. The planar magnetic inductor can realize excellent high frequency characteristics and high inductance with a reduced scale.

Abstract: A transformer structure is disclosed. The transformer structure comprises a main body, a primary winding coil, a secondary winding coil, a first winding portion, a second winding portion and a magnetic core assembly. The main body has a first side, a second side, at least a through hole, a first receiving chamber communicating with the first side, a second receiving chamber communicating with the second side, and a separating wall disposed between the first receiving chamber and the second receiving chamber. The first winding portion for winding the primary winding coil thereon is disposed in the first receiving chamber and has a first channel communicating with the through hole. The second winding portion for winding the secondary winding coil thereon is disposed in the second receiving chamber and has a second channel communicating with the through hole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic core, comprising: a first core and a second core having different shapes and/or materials to realize high current characteristic, high magnetic permeability and high tolerance to temperature changes.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing a sample hair mixture having a mixture of two hair colors and an overall spectrum representative of the two colors, comprising: a first color selector, configured to select a first spectrum representative of a first color in the hair mixture from a first group of at least one spectrum, and an iterative spectrum combiner, associated with the first color selector and configured to iteratively combine therewith a second spectrum representative of a second color in the hair mixture from a second group of spectra over the first spectrum, thereby to find an optimal combination of first and second spectrum which is a closest match to the overall spectrum.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a high-voltage thick-film high rupturing capacity substrate fuse. The characteristic feature of the inventive fuse is that inside a tubular insulating casing /1/, which is closed at both ends with metal endocarps /2/ and filled with arc quenching medium /3/ there is located at least one insulating substrate /4/, along which there is placed at least one fuse element /5/ in the form of a thin conducting film and which has terminal areas /6/ at its ends, which areas are electrically connected with the end-caps by specially shaped contacts /7/ located inside the end-caps. The fuse element comprises a basic part formed by multiple identical V-shaped modules and two end modules forming electric connections between the basic part and the terminal areas.

Abstract: An over-current protective device is characterized by comprising: a fuse cover, a fusible body disposed therein, and a first electrode and a second electrode respectively extending from the two ends of the fusible body. A method for fabricating the over-current protective device comprises the following steps: stamping a conductive metal sheet to form a frame with a base having two ends respectively extending as a supporting plate, and soldering a fusible unit containing the fusible body between the supporting plates; disposing the frame having the soldered fusible unit into a mold, putting a polymeric material into the mold for covering the fusible body and the supporting plates, and molding the fusible body into a required shape; taking out the frame covered by the polymeric material and cutting the base off so as to obtain an over-current protective device having two electrode plates extending from two ends thereof.

Abstract: A compound resistor is used to compensate for trimming induced shift in temperature coefficient of resistance of a trimmable resistor. The compound resistor is composed of a first and second portion, at least one of the two portions being thermally trimmable, and the parameters for the first and second portion are selected such that the trimming induced shift can be minimized on an overall resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance of the compound resistors by trimming the trimmable resistor. The invention also allows for exploring trimming range available via true thermal trimming without actually trimming out resistor's value of a resistor. The invention also allows design of thermal isolation to minimize or optimize resistance variation of the overall compound resistance.

Abstract: A pressure sensor header for a pressure transducer includes a header shell having a sensor cavity formed therein, a sensor element disposed in the sensor cavity, a fluid medium disposed in the sensor cavity, an isolation diaphragm closing the sensor cavity, and a joining arrangement disposed at an interface of the isolation diaphragm and the header shell, the joining arrangement joining the isolation diaphragm with the header shell. The isolation diaphragm is an integral unit comprising a thin membrane surrounded by a thicker outer ring. The joining arrangement has a recessed female joining element formed in one of the outer ring of the isolation diaphragm and the header shell, and a protruding male joining element formed on the other one of the outer ring of the isolation diaphragm and the header shell, the male joining element received in the female joining element.

Abstract: A laser-welded seamless chip resistor comprises: an alloy plate; and two copper plates laser-welded to both sides of the alloy plate, respectively, wherein the alloy plate and the copper plates are chosen in accordance with a required resistance value. The alloy plate and the copper plates, which are welded together, are punched to have a shape in accordance with the required resistance value. Besides, a practical resistance value of the laser-welded seamless chip resistor is fine adjusted to achieve the required resistance value.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF)-mode temporary opening method and device in home network environments. The RF-mode temporary door lock opening method includes transmitting to a communication terminal an access allowance confirmation message and information on an access card to be temporarily issued; receiving an access allowance approval message from the communication terminal; and transmitting to a home gateway the information on the access card in order to register in a door lock the information on the access card.

Abstract: A secure lock box system for secure storage and retrieval of a stored key includes a key fob device that requests access to a lock box by inductive or optical communication. The individual key fob is authorized for access to the lock box by prior radio communication with a key fob controller that validates the key fob. A lock box controller in combination with applied pressure to a latch hook conserves power and controls access to the key by operation of a low power solenoid and a latch mechanism. Tampering with the lock box is detected by a piezo film motion sensor that provides a signal to a microprocessor, which is awakened from a low power condition by the signal. Upon access grant or an unauthorized attempt at access to the lock box, a message is transmitted from the lock box to an annunciator. The annunciator relays a message concerning the attempted access to a server where a log is created and stored.

Abstract: The present invention describes a system for interrogating or updating electronic shelf tags in a store or warehouse without the need for a complicated or expensive infrastructure. In the system, a single portable RFID device is carried by a worker to perform tasks such as organizing goods on the shelves of a store or a warehouse. As the worker traverses the aisles he may use the portable RFID device to scan each RFID tag as it comes within range. Through a wireless connection to a central controller on which pricing information is stored, the portable RFID device is able to verify that the information located in each RFID tag is correct. If the information is not correct, it can be updated with the correct information from the central controller. Alternatively, the RFID device may be self-contained and have all the correct pricing information stored on an internal memory.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a system for enabling a user to know whereabouts of his or her missing mobile phone, which comprises a mobile phone and a remote controller. The mobile phone comprises a control module including a wireless transceiver unit for receiving a wireless search signal transmitted from the remote controller and adapted to convert the received wireless search signal into an instruction for controlling an output unit of the mobile phone consisting of a light emitting unit, a drive unit, an audio unit, and/or a display unit to generate corresponding light, vibration, sound, and/or display characters for alerting the user. The remote controller comprises a button which, when pressed by the user, causes the remote controller to generate the wireless search signal and transmit the same to the mobile phone for executing the corresponding instruction.

Abstract: An RFID tag communication method in which an RFID tag row composed of the RFID tags arranged in a row is opposed to a transmitting/receiving antenna unit for communicating with the RFID tags, is configured to read IDs from the RFID tags. In the method, the direction in which the transmitting/receiving antenna unit transmits wireless waves is deviated from a maximum-gain direction of the RFID tags, while the RFID tag row remains opposed to the transmitting/receiving antenna unit. The IDs are thereby read from the RFID tags.

Abstract: In a wireless network, a cell's transmission power and reception sensitivity may be dynamically adjusted along with those of a client device detected in the cell. Thus, in other words, when a client device is in proximity of a particular reader device, the transmission power levels and reception sensitivities of the reader device and the client device may be adjusted in an effort to require the client device to be “drawn in” towards the reader device to conduct a data transaction between the reader device and the client device.

Abstract: A method for accessing an air-channel in a mobile RFID system and a method for partitioning tag zones using the same are disclosed. In accordance with the methods of the present invention, a collision between mobile RFID readers generated due to a plurality of tags in a single RFID zone is prevented via an arbitration and an interference between the RFID readers in an adjacent tag zone is resolved using a frequency hopping.