Abstract: A charged-particle beam microlithographic apparatus is generally made up of a pattern writing unit and a system controller. The writer has an electron beam source and a pattern generator for forming a pattern image on a workpiece. The system controller includes a unit for correcting proximity and fogging effects occurrable during pattern writing. This unit has a first calculator for calculating a proximity effect-corrected dose, a functional module for calculation of a fog-corrected dose while including therein the influence of the proximity effect, and a multiplier for combining the calculated doses together to determine a total corrected dose. The module has a second calculator for calculating a variable real value representing the proximity-effect influence to be considered during fog correction, and a third calculator for calculating using this value the fog-corrected dose.

Abstract: A maskless lithography system for transferring a pattern onto the surface of a target. At least one beam generator for generating a plurality of beamlets. A plurality of modulators modulate the magnitude of a beamlet, and a control unit controls of the modulators. The control unit generates and delivers pattern data to the modulators for controlling the magnitude of each individual beamlet. The control unit includes at least one data storage for storing the pattern data, at least one readout unit for reading out the data from the data storage, at least one data converter for converting the data that is read out from the data storage into at least one modulated light beam, and at least one optical transmitter for transmitting the at least one modulated light beam to the modulation modulators.

Abstract: A solution for sterilizing one or more hollow components of a device, such as a medical device, is provided. Ultraviolet radiation having one or more predominant wavelength(s) and a sufficient dose is generated and directed to an interior side of the hollow component(s). The predominant wavelength(s) is/are selected to harm one or more target organisms that may be present on the interior side. The ultraviolet radiation can be delivered by a structure that is periodically inserted and retracted into the hollow component. The structure can be configured to provide additional cleaning capability, such as suction, for removing matter that may be present in the hollow component.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for reducing the influence of plasma generated debris on internal components of an EUV light source. In one aspect, an EUV metrology monitor is provided which may have a heater to heat an internal multi-layer filtering mirror to a temperature sufficient to remove deposited debris from the mirror. In another aspect, a device is disclosed for removing plasma generated debris from an EUV light source collector mirror having a different debris deposition rate at different zones on the collector mirror. In a particular aspect, an EUV collector mirror system may comprise a source of hydrogen to combine with Li debris to create LiH on a collector surface; and a sputtering system to sputter LiH from the collector surface. In another aspect, an apparatus for etching debris from a surface of a EUV light source collector mirror with a controlled plasma etch rate is disclosed.

Abstract: A driver laser for EUV light source apparatus which driver laser simultaneously achieves short-pulsing and multi-line oscillation. The driver laser includes: a short-pulse multi-line oscillated CO2 laser oscillator having a device that shortens width of pulses included in a laser beam to be output and a device that suppresses amplitude of an oscillation spectrum exhibiting an energy peak value; and at least one amplifier that inputs the laser beam output from the short-pulse multi-line oscillated CO2 laser oscillator and amplifies the input laser beam to output the amplified laser beam.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides an optical coupling device which includes a light emitting element, a photodetector element, and a switching circuit having first and second semiconductor elements and electrodes. The photodetector element receives light from the light emitting element. In the switching circuit, the first and second semiconductor elements are disposed so as to face each other, and are turned on and off as being controlled by a signal from the photodetector element. The electrodes are respectively formed on surfaces, facing each other, of the first and second semiconductor elements, and are connected to each other.

Abstract: A secure tag coding method and device. The method comprises: providing a first type of secure tag having a first luminescence profile to indicate a first level code; providing a second type of secure tag having a second luminescence profile different from the first luminescence profile to indicate a second level code; mixing secure tags of the first type with secure tags of the second type in a predetermined ratio so that excitation of the mixed secure tags produces a composite of the first luminescence profile and the second luminescence profile, from which composite a multi-level code can be ascertained; and applying the mixture of first and second types of secure tags to a substrate. The substrate carrying this secure tag coding arrangement provides multi-level codes. The device for selecting and applying the secure tag coding arrangement to the substrate is also described.

Abstract: Apparatus for optically measuring a remote object comprises at least one source for projecting a plurality of discrete zones of electromagnetic radiation (for example laser spots) along a projection plane. Imaging apparatus images a plurality of reflections from the remote object. By spatially offsetting the imaging apparatus from the projection plane, easier discrimination and identification of the reflections is made possible.

Abstract: An apparatus analyzes information indicative of a characteristic of a region to be examined an object. The apparatus comprises an ultrasound generator generating an ultrasound wave toward the region within the object and a light generator generating light toward the region. The ultrasound sound generated is transmitted toward the region. The apparatus further comprises a light receiver, information acquiring unit, and information producer. The light receiver receives light coming from the region and outputting an electric signal corresponding to the received light. The information acquiring unit acquires information indicative of scattering of the light at the region by using either the signal outputted from the light receiver or the light coming from the region. The information producer produces the information indicative of the characteristic of the region based on the scattering information acquired by the information acquiring unit.

Abstract: An improvement in a PVT apparatus, which improvement includes a fluid path model having a fluid path and a sampling section, wherein the depth of the fluid path within the sampling section is substantially uniform and is less than about 100 ?m. The apparatus may be configured to provide a micron-scale slim tube which may be used in a manner similar to a conventional slim tube apparatus. A method for characterizing an interfacial property of a dispersion such as, for example, miscibility of a first fluid and a second fluid as a function of pressure. The method includes collecting sets of transmittance images representing transmittance of electromagnetic radiation through the dispersion, generating values of a general interfacial property factor from the transmittance images, and characterizing the interfacial property using the values of the general interfacial property factor.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for fail-safe high-speed-pneumatic valve is disclosed. Fail-safe dependability is provided by a spring-loaded normally-closed pneumatic actuator. When the spring-loaded actuator is pressurized, the normally closed mechanism is actuated to the valve active position. Concurrently, the pressure is directly applied to deflect a diaphragm or a bellow-assembly back to sealing position. Ultra high purity embodiments with standard dome shaped diaphragms are disclosed. Additional high conductance diaphragms and bellows embodiments are employed for higher conductance valves. Novel flow path layouts are disclosed. The valves are applicable for fast gas and fluid switching and are particularly suitable for high productivity Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) applications. Additional embodiments cover improved diaphragm and seal reliability, externally adjustable valve conductance, improved valve safety and high temperature valve seals.

Abstract: A wave control circuit disclosed herein may be used to control the operation of various plumbing devices and appliances. The wave control circuit uses a sensor to sense presence of objects in the vicinity of the plumbing device and appliance using the wave control circuit and a control circuit to control the operation of the plumbing device or appliance.

Abstract: A solid composition containing at least one borohydride compound and at least one base.

Abstract: A preparation method for synthesis of oil-based magnetic fluid is disclosed. One end of a compound with a diamino group or an organic extraction reagent is connected with oil-based material while the other end is connected with surfactant having a carboxyl group that further reacts with magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles containing surfactant to form a stable useful oil-based magnetic fluid. The present invention is applied to process wastewater with oil, organic compounds or inorganic metal ions. Under the control of the magnetic field, the floating oil on the water surface is collected. The method can also be applied to the separation as well as collection of materials in the water such as organic compounds and metals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-based composition, to the use thereof in refrigeration and/or air conditioning and to a heat-transfer system containing same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and processes of using perfluoropolyether to maintain or improve the oil return, lubrication, or energy efficiency of the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat transfer system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lubricating basestock for the blends of hydrofluorocarbon and optionally hydrochlorofluorocarbon refrigerants comprising a blend of (A) at least one alkylbenzene and (B) at least one polyol ester. While alkylbenzenes are not miscible with the refrigerant blend at the desired operating temperature and pressure of refrigeration or air-conditioning systems, the addition of low concentration of polyol ester is found to greatly improve the miscibility of the alkylbenzene and polyol ester blend. An important criteria of the invention is that the lubricant blend of polyol ester and alkylbenzene are sufficiently miscible with the hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant blend both as a liquid and a gaseous refrigerant over the operational temperatures of the compression refrigeration system.

Abstract: A thermal interface material (10) includes 100 parts by weight of a silicone oil (11) and 800˜1200 parts by weight of a metal powder (12) mixed into the silicone oil. An outer surface of each metal particle (121) of the metal powder is coated with a metal oxide layer (122). A method of producing the thermal interface material includes steps of: (1) applying a layer of organo coupling agent on the metal powder; (2) heating the metal powder at a temperature between 200 to 300° C. to coat a metal oxide layer on an outer surface of the metal powder; and (3) adding the metal powder with the coated metal oxide layer to a silicone oil. The thermal interface material has an excellent thermal conductivity and an excellent electrical insulating property.

Abstract: A cross-linking composition comprises a zirconium triethanolamine complex, a tetra(hydroxyalkyl)ethylenediamine, water and optionally, a polyol. The composition can be used for cross-linking organic polymers over a wide range of pH. By varying the composition and optionally adding a delay agent, the composition provides flexibility in rate of cross-linking. Further disclosed are methods to use the composition in oil field applications for hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones and leaks in subterranean formations.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline polyester for film having small linear expansibility and high flexibility is provided. The polyester may have structural units —O—Ar1-CO—, —NH—Ar2-X—, —CO—Ar3-CO— and —CO—Ar4-Z-Ar5-CO— wherein Ar1 represents 1,4-phenylene, 2,6-naphthylene or 4,4?-biphenylene, Ar2 represents 1,4-phenylene or 1,3-phenylene, X represents —O— or —NH—, Ar3 represents 1,4-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene or 2,6-naphthylene, Ar4 and Ar5 independently represent 1,4-phenylene, 2,6-naphthylene or 4,4°-biphenylene, and Z represents —O—, —SO2— or —C—, in which the amount of monomer (1) is 30-80% by mol, the amount of monomer (2) is 10-35% by mol, the total amount of monomers (3) and (4) is 10-35% by mol and the amount of monomer (4) is 1% by mol or larger.

Abstract: The invention is to provide such a liquid crystal compound that has general properties required for a liquid crystal compound, stability to heat, light and the like, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a negatively large dielectric anisotropy, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase, and favorable compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and a liquid crystal composition containing the compound.

Abstract: A sintered, annealed scintillator composition, which, prior to annealing, has a formula of A3B2C3O12, where A is at least one member of the group consisting of Tb, Ce, and Lu, or combinations thereof, B is an octahedral site (Al), and C is a tetrahedral site (also Al). One or more substitutions are included. The substitutions may may be partial or, in some cases, complete, and can include Al with Sc at B, up to two atoms of oxygen with fluorine and the same number of Ca atoms at A, replacement at B with Mg and the same number of atoms of oxygen with fluorine, replacement at B with a combination of Mg/Si Mg/Zr, Mg/Ti, and/or Mg/Hf, replacement at B with a combination of Li/Nb and/or Li/Ta, and at A with Ca and replacement of an equal number of B or C with silicon.

Abstract: Surface-active amines that impede corrosion on metal surfaces in industrial or other systems, corrosion resistant apparatuses comprising the amines, methods of identifying surface-active amines that impede corrosion by using electrochemical quartz microbalance (EQCM), and methods of using the surface-active amines in industrial or other systems are disclosed.

Abstract: In a coating material that hardens reactively without solvent evaporation and with an evaporation of maximal 15 mass % water, composed of at least two components, the first component contains a 60-70% mixture of bitumen and water in a quantity of 50 to 100 partial mass %, 0 to 50 partial mass % synthetic latex or natural latex, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, or acrylate emulsion, paraffin emulsion or wax emulsion and 0 to 10 partial mass % viscosity control agent, thixotropic additives and adhesion improving additives and that the second component contains 20 to 50 partial mass % filling material, 40 to 80 partial mass % softening, non-volatile oil and 0 to 10% by weight viscosity control agent, dispersing aids and wetting agents for oily phases and that the first component and the second component are mixed in a ratio of 100:10 up to 50 mass %. The coating material can be used for a moisture insulating coating of surfaces in every alignment and/or for the sealing of joints and gaps.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting corrosion comprising the step of providing a corrosive environment; adding a corrosion inhibitor comprising a reaction product of a thiol compound and an aldehyde compound. Methods of acidizing a near well bore region of a subterranean formation comprising the steps of isolating a zone of interest along a well bore; and placing an acidizing solution the zone of interest wherein the acidizing solution comprises an acid and a corrosion inhibiting compound comprising the reaction product of a thiol compound and an aldehyde compound.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers are provided. The compositions include a water-soluble phenylenediamine composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antioxidant for an organic material. The invention also relates to the use of the antioxidant for treating an organic material, particularly paper, and to a method for treating the same.

Abstract: A method for mixing powder according to the present invention is a method for mixing powder by conducting mixing and transporting of at least one kind of powder, comprising: charging said at least one kind of powder into an agitation apparatus; and translating said at least one kind of powder while mixing the powder by rotating an agitation shaft of said agitation apparatus, said agitation apparatus comprising: a screw comprised of the agitation shaft and an agitating blade, said screw configured to rotate along with the said agitation shaft as the center; and, a casing surrounding said screw, wherein either the entire body of said agitating blade is formed of a high hardness member, or, a high hardness coat layer is formed onto at least a portion of said agitating blade.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrically conducting paste comprising a silver powder, a glass frit, a resin binder and a sintering inhibitor. The paste is used in the manufacture of solar cell electrodes by applying the electrically conducting paste to a substrate and then firing of the coated substrate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an infrared-shielding nanoparticle dispersion that has a property whereby visible light is adequately transmitted, and light in the near-infrared region is adequately shielded; an infrared-shielding body manufactured using the infrared-shielding nanoparticle dispersion; a method for manufacturing infrared-shielding nanoparticles that are used in the infrared-shielding nanoparticle dispersion; and infrared-shielding nanoparticles manufactured using the method for manufacturing infrared-shielding nanoparticles.

Abstract: This invention relates to electrophoretic displays having improved performance. The invention also relates to a method for inducing or enhancing the threshold voltage of an electrophoretic display, which method comprises adding a threshold promoter into an electrophoretic fluid which comprises charged pigment particles or pigment-containing microparticles dispersed in a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture.

Abstract: An over-current protection device comprises two metal foils and a PTC material layer laminated between the two metal foils. The PTC material layer essentially comprises a polymer matrix and a conductive filler. The polymer matrix at least comprises a first crystalline polymer, e.g., LDPE, and a second crystalline polymer, e.g., PVDF, in which the melting temperature of the second crystalline polymer subtracting the melting temperature of the first crystalline polymer is equal to or more than 50° C. The conductive filler is selected from metallic grain of a volumetric resistivity less than 500 ??-cm, and is distributed in the polymer matrix. The initial volumetric resistivity of the PTC material layer is less than 0.1?-cm, and the trip temperature of the PTC material layer at which the resistance thereof increases to 1000 times the initial resistance subtracting the melting temperature of the first crystalline polymer is less than 15° C.

Abstract: This invention relations to a polymerizable composition for forming a photochromic article of glass transition temperature of at least 50 ° C. on curing, the composition comprising: (a) a polymerizable composition comprising a monomer component or resin formed therefrom; and (b) a photochromic dye monomer comprising a photochromic moiety and at least one oligomeric group having at least one group reactive with the monomer component during or following curing wherein the oligomer group comprises a multiplicity of monomer units selected from siloxane, alkylene and substituted alkylene.

Abstract: A chemical composition can be applied to materials to impart flame retardancy. The composition includes a mixture of ingredients that is not harmful to humans or the environment. The ingredients of the composition can include a phosphorous containing material, an acidic material, a material that serves as a preservative, and an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: An improved staple remover having at least one extended finger tab to aid the user in forcing the jammed jaws of the staple remover to dislodge a lodged staple. The at least one extended finger tab may be located at a single end of each lever arm opposite of the jaws of the staple remover.

Abstract: A fish tape reel has an ergonomic pistol grip and ergonomic hand grips at an inner periphery of a hollow housing. Fish tape is wound into the housing cavity by rotating the housing with respect to the pistol grip. This can be done manually by grasping the interior handle(s) or using a ratcheted winder that fits into the housing opening and has a lever handle for ratcheting the housing. The reel is held with the housing beneath the pistol grip which has a retainer shoe slidably sandwiched between halves of the housing. The pistol grip is positioned behind a vertical center line of the reel so that the weight of the reel is balanced in a neutral position in which the pistol grip can be grasped with the user's wrist being essentially straight and horizontal. A method of assembling the reel is also disclosed in which the fish tape is attached and wound after the housing is assembled.

Abstract: A tensioning tool for applying tension to string-like material includes a first member having a first handle section and a first engaging section opposite the handle section facing a first direction for receiving and engaging a first strand. A second member is pivotally connected to the first member and has a second handle section and a second engaging section opposite the second handle section. The second engaging section faces a second direction opposite the first direction for receiving and engaging a second strand, and moving the handle sections of the first and second members towards each other urges the first and second engaging sections apart. The first strand can be attached to the second strand so that when the first and second handle sections are moved toward each other the first and second engaging sections move away from each other thereby tensioning the first strand.

Abstract: A fence is made integral of plastic foam material by injecting molding, having an inner shock-enduring layer contained in the interior, and shaped corrugated to have a plurality of lengthwise convex ridges and lengthwise concave recesses alternately connected with each other, with a light reflecting strip or dot adhered on each ridge. The fixing device of the fence includes a fixing base and a fixing block, and the fixing base is provided with a fence-contacting surface for combining with the fence. The fixing block is fixed with a bolt on a front surface of the fence at the spot where the fence is to be fixed with the vertical post, with the fixing base placed behind the fence.

Abstract: A mounting bracket for connecting a fence rail to a fence post. The bracket includes a housing which defines a rail-receiving cavity into which an end of the rail is inserted. A pair of flange members is integrally formed with the housing and extend outwardly away from the side walls of the housing. The flange members have a top wall disposed inwardly of the top wall of the housing; and a front wall disposed inwardly of the front end of the housing. The flange members each have an aperture in the front wall and a second aperture in the side wall thereof A fastener is inserted through the front wall aperture of each flange member and is screwed into the post. The flange members are configured so that the head of each fastener is disposed inwardly of the front wall of the flange member when the fastener is fully screwed into the post. A second fastener is inserted through each second aperture in the side walls of the flange members and is screwed into the rail.

Abstract: A phase change material may include a pore formed of a relatively smaller phase change material and a relatively larger resistance heater. As a result, the relatively smaller portion of phase change material may have improved properties.

Abstract: A memory cell device includes a first electrode, phase-change material adjacent the first electrode, a second electrode adjacent the phase-change material, a diffusion barrier adjacent the phase-change material, and isolation material adjacent the diffusion barrier for thermally isolating the phase-change material. The diffusion barrier prevents diffusion of the phase-change material into the isolation material.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide a light-emitting transistor (LEFET), a light-emitting device with a switching function, which can produce an adequately strong emission of light with higher emission efficiency. The drain electrode 25 is made of aluminum and the source electrode 24 is made of gold. When a voltage is applied between the source electrode 24 and the drain electrode 25, the source electrodes 24 and the drain electrodes 25 inject positive holes and electrons into the light-emitter layer 26, respectively. The positive holes and the electrons recombine, whereby the light-emitter layer 26 generates light. The on/off state of the emission can be controlled by switching the gate voltage on and off. In contrast to conventional LEFETs in which the drain electrode is also made of gold, the present invention uses aluminum, whose work function is lower than that of gold, whereby a larger number of electrons is injected into the light-emitter layer 26 at a lower voltage.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device having excellent heat resistance, which device is resistive to an increase in the forward operation voltage (VF) caused by mild heating performed after formation of the light-emitting device (e.g., heating to about 300° C. during mounting of the light-emitting device).

Abstract: An electronic device may include a selectively polable superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers. Each group of layers of the selectively polable superlattice may include a plurality of stacked semiconductor monolayers defining a semiconductor base portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer thereon. The at least one non-semiconductor monolayer may be constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent silicon portions, and at least some semiconductor atoms from opposing base semiconductor portions may be chemically bound together through the at least one non-semiconductor monolayer therebetween. The electronic device may also include at least one electrode for selectively poling the selectively polable superlattice.

Abstract: A single crystal substrate and method of fabricating the same are provided. The single crystal substrate includes an insulator having a window exposing a portion of a substrate, a selective epitaxial growth layer formed on the portion of the substrate exposed through the window and a single crystalline layer formed on the insulator and the selective epitaxial growth layer using the selective epitaxial growth layer as an epitaxial seed layer.

Abstract: A field effect transistor fabricated in a device isolation region includes a Si1-xGex layer (0<x?1) that a lattice strain is relaxed, a strained Si layer formed on the Si1-xGex, a gate electrode insulatively disposed over a part of the strained Si layer, source and drain regions formed in the strained Si layer with the gate electrode being arranged between the source and drain regions; and a Si film covering side walls of the Si1-xGex layer on ends of the device isolation region.

Abstract: An opto-thermal annealing mask stack layer includes a thermal dissipative layer located over a substrate. A reflective layer is located upon the thermal dissipative layer. A transparent capping layer, that may have a thickness from about 10 to about 100 angstroms, is located upon the reflective layer. The opto-thermal annealing mask layer may be used as a gate electrode within a field effect device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic component made primarily from organic materials with high resolution structuring, in particular to an organic field effect transistor (OFET) with a small source-drain distance, and to a production method thereof. The organic electronic component has depressions and/or modified regions in which the conductor tracks/electrodes, which can be metallic, for example, are arranged, and which have been produced by means of a laser during production.

Abstract: A charge-transporting varnish containing either a charge-transporting substance consisting of a charge-transporting oligoaniline or a charge-transporting organic material consisting of the charge-transporting substance and a charge-accepting dopant and at least one polymer selected from among polyimides and polyimide precursors; and charge-transporting thin films and organic EL devices, made by using the varnish. The varnish can give thin films which little suffer from defects and have high uniformity and flatness and excellent mechanical strengths, heat resistance, and transparency. In particular, the varnish realizes excellent EL characteristics such as low driving voltage, high emission efficiency, and long service life, when used in organic EL devices.

Abstract: A naphthylanthracene-based polymer comprising a repeating unit of the formula wherein: Ar is an aryl or substituted aryl of from 6 to 60 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl of from 4 to 60 carbon atoms; R1, R2, and R3 are the same or different, and are each individually hydrogen, or alkyl, or alkenyl, or alkynyl, or alkoxy, or amino, or thioalkyl, or carboxyl, or carbonyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, amino, thioalkyl, carboxy, or carbonyl can have from 1 to 40 carbon atoms; or aryl of from 6 to 60 carbon atoms; or heteroaryl of from 4 to 60 carbon atoms; or F, or Cl , or Br; or a cyano group; or a nitro group, or a sulfonate group; and L is a direct bond between naphthylanthracene and polymer backbone or a carbon linking group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a non-carbon linking group.