Abstract: An apparatus and method for displaying an image of a subject in low light conditions. The image is displayed on a video screen. The image is viewed through an eyepiece to reduce the amount of light illuminating a user's face while observing the subject. In an embodiment, the eyepiece is monocular to prevent night blindness in at least one eye. In an embodiment, the video screen is disposed within the housing of the night vision device. In an embodiment, a user can selectively filter the light emitted by the display screen to change its color or to reduce the amount of light received by the user's eye.

Abstract: A monitoring system is provided which includes a monitoring device placed within a building. The monitoring system further includes a device for allowing a user/operator to access the monitoring device in real time from a remote location.

Abstract: A number of luminous sources (4) are arranged in a ring-shaped manner in a plane and individually and successively emit, in a rotating manner on the ring, an incident beam oriented toward the axis (5) of the ring and diagonal to this axis at an angle that is not a right angle. This beam is reflected by the object (2) placed essentially along the axis (5), whereupon it is received by one of the photodetectors (8a, 8b, 8c) situated in a plane parallel to the ring of sources. The presence of a shape defect of a surface irregularity or of a variation in color is determined by modulating the energy received by the photodetectors. This measure provides a very good resolution of the successive lighting of very small areas of the object surface.

Abstract: A collar, a system and a method detect a mark on a rod within an interior of the collar. The mark and the rod move from a first position to a second position within an interior of the collar between a first end and a second end of the collar. A light emitter and/or a light detector is connected to the collar for determining the first position and/or the second position of the mark and/or of the rod within the interior of the collar. An exterior surface of the rod and/or a mark on the rod absorb an amount of light emitted from the light emitter within the interior of the collar. The light detector measures and/or detects an intensity of light within the interior of the collar which is not be absorbed by the mark and/or by the exterior surface of the rod.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes an emitter, a first lens, a detector, a second lens, and a protrusion. The emitter emits light which is directed by the first lens to a code scale for reflection. The reflected light is directed by the second lens to the detector. The detector detects the reflected light from the code scale. The protrusion is between the first lens and the second lens. The protrusion defines at least one surface that refracts stray light from the emitter away from the detector. Accordingly, the stray light does not reach the detector; thus the detector can operate more effectively.

Abstract: An Optical Projecting Encoder (“OPE”) having an emitter module for transmitting emitted optical radiation through a mask to a moving object, and a detector module for receiving reflected optical radiation from the moving object. The reflected optical radiation from the moving object may include a predetermined image cast by the mask and a surface texture image from the moving object. The OPE may include a transmissive layer covering both the emitter module and the detector module, where the transmissive layer covering the emitter module collimates the optical radiation from the emitter module, and the transmissive layer covering the detector module concentrates the optical radiation reflected from the moving object to the detector module. The detector module may include an optical navigation sensor that continuously acquires and compares predetermined images cast by the mask and surface texture images from the moving object.

Abstract: An absolute encoder employs multiple sub-encoders of different resolutions and a linking algorithm for combining the sub-encoder outputs to form an accurate, high-resolution position estimate. The sub-encoders can utilize edge modulation of a main grating track, sloped patterns of successively higher periods, and other types of scale patterns. The sub-encoders can also use a variety of detector types suitable for the patterns being used. In one linking approach, pairs of tracks are linked together successively by applying a phase shift to the coarser track and then combining it with the finer track such that the transitions of the coarse track estimates become aligned with those of the finer track, whereupon the values can be combined to form a linked position estimate. In another approach, beat tracks are calculated from physical tracks of similar period, and the beat tracks are used as the coarser tracks in the linking process.

Abstract: A light source is injected into an optical path of a camera to provide a controlled background to insure optimum uniformity of performance of the camera. An optical system, camera, image background measurement system, source intensity control, and light source comprise a closed loop control around the light source to control an operating point of the camera. Intensity of the light source is decreased as intensity of a background flux is increased.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatus and processes for determining the lithology as well as the mineralogy of subterranean formations surrounding a borehole are described. According to the methods and processes, well log data measurements from neutron spectroscopy applications and associated tool response parameters are solved using an artificial intelligence system, such as an expert system, which in turn generates an appropriate discriminator and/or compositional model that estimates both general and specific lithology as well as the mineralogy constraints of the subterranean formation being analyzed. The methods exhibit good elemental correlation between conventional methods of lithology and mineralogy determination, and can provide numerous output data, including grain density and porosity data within zones of the formation.

Abstract: A virtual ion trap that uses electric focusing fields instead of machined metal electrodes that normally surround the trapping volume, wherein two opposing surfaces include a plurality of uniquely designed and coated electrodes, and wherein the electrodes can be disposed on the two opposing surfaces using plating techniques that enable much higher tolerances to be met than existing machining techniques.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charged particle beam apparatus capable of preventing the charging-up of the specimen without using a large-scale facility. A scanning electron microscope 100 illuminates a specimen 21 with a charged particle beam via a charged particle optical system arranged in a column. According to the present invention, the scanning electron microscope 100 has a charge preventive member 110 disposed between the objective lens 14 and the specimen 21. The charge preventive member 110 has an electrically conductive portion and an opening 113 to transmit the charged particle beam. The charge preventive member 110 is formed so as to partly cover the charged particle optical system when viewed from the charged particle beam irradiation spot on the specimen. In addition, the charge preventive member 110 has gas inflow paths 114 and 115 formed therein. These gas inflow paths have gas injection outlets 116 formed to inject gas toward the charged particle beam irradiation spot on the specimen.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the passive measurement of spectral lines from the absorption or emission by polar molecules. The system includes mmW front-end assembly, back-end electronics, and data acquisition hardware and software was assembled. The method relates to methods for processing multi-channel radiometric data from passive mmW detection systems.

Abstract: Low concentrations of water vapor within a background of one or more olefin gases may be detected and quantified using a differential absorption spectrometer. A dehydrated sample of the gas is used as a background sample whose absorption spectrum allows elimination of absorption features not due to water vapor in the gas. Absorption spectra may recorded using tunable diode lasers as the light source. these lasers may have a wavelength bandwidth that is narrower than the water vapor absorption feature used for the differential absorption spectral analysis.

Abstract: A banknote detection apparatus and a banknote recognition system are disclosed. The apparatus is used for detecting special printing ink on a banknote and comprises a carrier set, at least a light emitter, at least a first light beam receiver and at least a second light beam receiver. The banknote is carried by the carrier set. The light emitter which is set at a side of the carrier set emits at least a detection light beam to illuminate the banknote. The first light beam receiver which is disposed at the same side receives a first image reflected by the special printing ink on the banknote, and the second light beam receiver which is disposed at another side receives a second image penetrated the special printing ink on the banknote. Lastly, a processing unit recognizes true or false of the banknote based on the first image and the second image.

Abstract: A scintillation based imaging system. The device utilizes a single-crystal inorganic scintillator to convert ionizing radiation to light in a spectral range or ranges within the visible or ultraviolet spectral ranges. The conversion takes place inside the single crystal material, preserving special resolution. The single crystal scintillator is sandwiched between a first plate that is substantially transparent to the ionization radiation and a second plate that is transparent to the visible or ultraviolet light. The ionization radiation is directed from the submicron source through a target to create a shadow image of the target inside the scintillator crystal. Several submicron sources of radiation are described. These include submicron x-ray and high-energy ultraviolet sources, submicron electron beam sources, submicron alpha particle sources, submicron proton sources, submicron positron sources and sub-micron neutron sources.

Abstract: A gamma camera system comprising: a pair of gamma camera heads; and a stand on which the gamma camera heads are mounted, wherein the camera system is configurable in one of at least two configurations, including: an operational condition in which faces of the gamma camera heads form an angle of between 80 and 100 degrees; and a non-operational parking configuration in which a front face of the gamma camera heads form an angle substantially greater than 100 degrees.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a radiation detection medium by exposing arbitrary locations of a radiation detection medium to a plurality of known radiation dose levels is described. One particular aspect of the method includes the steps of automatically determining the location of each arbitrary exposed location, measuring the density of each of the arbitrary exposed locations, matching each measurement for the arbitrary exposed locations with the corresponding radiation dose level thereby generating an array of paired data values for radiation dose level and measured density and calculating a calibration based on the array of paired data values.

Abstract: A control for pressurizing a load lock. The control initiates pressurization of the loadlock interior by coupling a source of gas to the loadlock interior. A representative load lock includes a pressure sensor and multiple valves to atmosphere where at least one such valves is a passthrough valve for removal of and insertion of workpieces from and into a load lock interior. A second fast acting valve also opens to atmosphere. A pressure rise inside the loadlock interior is monitored and when the pressure reaches a threshold pressure above atmosphere the fast acting valve is opened to atmosphere. This second fast acting valve is configured to relieve overpressure from the passthrough valve prior to opening of said passthrough valve. Workpiece movement is accomplished with the aid of a robot which reaches into the loadlock interior as it is either depositing workpieces or retrieving them.

Abstract: Method for operating a Laser Scanning Microscope, in which a probe is illuminated by at least one scanner and a picture recording takes place with a temperature measurement taking place in the scanner and/or in the scanner driver and only on reaching a threshold temperature a cooling device is started and advantageously on switching on of the cooling device the picture recording is interrupted or on reaching a threshold temperature a display device actuates an optical or an acoustic display.

Abstract: In favor of lowering corrosion of a radiation image phosphor or scintillator panel comprising, as a layer arrangement of consecutive layers, an anodized aluminum support, a sublayer and a phosphor or scintillator layer having needle-shaped phosphor or scintillator crystals, said sublayer comprises an inorganic metal oxide or a metal compound and has a thickness in the range from 0.1 ?m to 2.5 ?m.

Abstract: An objective is to provide a radiation image conversion panel exhibiting excellent graininess and reduced x-ray damage (luminance degradation). A radiation image conversion panel comprising a support and provided thereon, a stimulable phosphor layer containing a stimulable phosphor in a polymer resin, wherein a luminescence intensity ratio of (A) stimulable phosphor particles comprising a smallest average particle diameter to (B) stimulable phosphor particles comprising a largest average particle diameter is 0.8-1.2, provided that a total average particle diameter of all the stimulable phosphor particles is 3.0-10.0 ?m, an average particle diameter of (A) is 2.0-6.0 ?m, an average particle diameter of (B) is 6-15 ?m, and a content of (A) or (B) is within the range of at least 10% by weight and at most 90% by weight, based on the total stimulable phosphor content.

Abstract: In favor of adhesion a radiation image phosphor or scintillator panel comprises as an arrangement of layers, in consecutive order, an anodized aluminum support, a precoat layer and a phosphor or scintillator layer comprising needle-shaped phosphor or scintillator crystals, wherein said precoat layer has a thickness in the range from 4 ?m to 15 ?m when consisting of an organic polymer selected from the group consisting of cellyte, poly-acrylate, poly-methyl-methacrylate, poly-methylacrylate, polystyrene, polystyrene-acrylonitrile, polyurethane, hexafunctional polyacrylate, poly-vinylidene-difluoride, epoxy functionalized polymers or wherein said precoat layer has a thickness in the range from 1 ?m to less than 5 ?m when consisting of an organo-silane based polymer.

Abstract: In a radiation image phosphor or scintillator panel having as a layer arrangement of consecutive layers an anodized aluminum support layer, wherein chromium is present in said aluminum layer and/or said anodized layer, a phosphor or scintillator layer comprising needle-shaped phosphor or scintillator crystals, covered with a protective layer, in favor of less corrosion and acceptable adhesion between support layer and storage phosphor or scintillator layer, the said anodized aluminum support layer has a ratio of average surface roughness ‘Ra’ versus anodized layer thickness ‘t’ of at least 0.001; wherein ‘Ra’ is in the range from 0.01 ?m to less than 0.30 ?m and wherein said anodized layer has a thickness in the range from 1 ?m to 10 ?m.

Abstract: Continuous wave laser apparatus with enhanced processing efficiency is provided as well as a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device using the laser apparatus. The laser apparatus has: a laser oscillator; a unit for rotating a process object; a unit for moving the center of the rotation along a straight line; and an optical system for processing laser light that is outputted from the laser oscillator to irradiate with the laser light a certain region within the moving range of the process object. The laser apparatus is characterized in that the certain region is on a line extended from the straight line and that the position at which the certain region overlaps the process object is moved by rotating the process object while moving the center of the rotation along the straight line.

Abstract: A device and method for isolation of MEMS devices. A device includes a pair of substantially symmetrical wafers, each including a perimeter mounting flange and a cover plate, each cover plate and mounting flange separated by a plurality of tines. The cover plates of the wafers are bonded to the opposite sides of a device layer, and the system may then be bonded to other structures via the mounting flange. A method includes forming tines in a pair of wafers and bonding the wafers to opposite sides of a device layer. An alternative method includes bonding a pair of wafers to a device layer, then etching the isolation features.

Abstract: An optical proximity sensor adapted to be mounted in a liquid-jet instrument having a spray head for spraying a jet of liquid. The optical sensor evaluates a distance between the sensor and a surface onto which the liquid is to be sprayed.

Abstract: A valve and a method for producing a valve, in particular for coolant circuits, having a valve seat (2) including a valve seating element (1) for a valve body (3) by stamping the pole shoe to form at least one sealing surface (8) to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art. This is achieved according to the invention by forming at least one sealing surface (8) to form a novel sealing element (1) by utilizing a stamping element to form a stamped surface of the novel valve with a valve seating element.

Abstract: The invention relates to an actuating device, particularly an actuating magnet, for actuating valves. In order to improve the sealing action of an actuating magnet, the invention provides that a contacting plug insert (48) has a seating surface (54) against which an annular sealing part (52) rests and which extends in the form of a groove inside the plug insert (48). The groove depth is selected so that, when in an unpressed state, approximately half of the sealing part (52) is accommodated inside the groove (56). When the groove (56) is fitted with the sealing part (52), it is completely filled whereby resulting in a projection that sealingly closes the gap (58) arising between a plug plate (40) and an outer peripheral surface (50) of the housing (18).

Abstract: An electrically operated valve diagnosing method is provided that diagnoses an electrically operated valve with precision. A diagnosing apparatus suitable for implementing this diagnosing method is also provided. In the means, in the electrically operated valve diagnosing method for diagnosing a driving force of an electrically operated valve provided with a spring cartridge expanded and contracted in response to a reaction force acting on an axial direction of a worm in a valve element driving section, at both of open operation and close operation of the electrically operated valve, correlation between a driving force output signal from the valve element driving section and a driving force obtained from a compression state of the spring cartridge is possessed as a first correlation database.

Abstract: An automatic flush actuation apparatus, which is incorporated with a flushing system having a water inlet, a water outlet, and a water chamber communicating therebetween, that includes a valve member being moved by a flush lever for releasing the water pressure within the water chamber to allow the water passing from the water inlet to the water outlet, and a sensor-operated powering assembly including a relief valve provided at the valve member for controlling the water flowing to the water outlet and an actuator arranged in such a manner that while sensing a presence of a user of the flushing system, the actuator is driven to move the relief valve to an opened position for releasing the water pressure within the water chamber to allow the water passing to said water outlet.

Abstract: A bathroom flusher includes a flusher body, a valve assembly, an electronic control system, and a flusher cover. The flusher body includes an inlet and an outlet, and is designed to accommodate the valve assembly that controls water flow between the inlet and the outlet. The valve assembly includes a valve member movable with respect to a valve seat providing a sealing action based on applied pressure on the valve assembly. The bathroom flusher also includes an external cover designed for enclosing an electronic control module comprising a battery, a sensor, and an actuator for controlling operation of the flush valve, wherein the external cover includes at least two cover parts separately removable, and wherein the external cover is attachable with respect to the valve body in a manner also allowing removable attachment of the control module.

Abstract: A valve including a shutter placed in a chamber which is arranged in the valve body and whose end is provided with a seat against which a flap-forming part of the shutter is pressed in the closed position of the valve and is remote in the open position thereof. The inventive valve also includes a magnetic control device provided with the shutter magnetic drive device disposed outside the chamber and displacing the shutter in the closed or open position thereof. The valve is characterized in that the magnetic control device includes at least one ball which is made of a magnetic material, disposed in the chamber and is coupled with an external magnetic drive device, wherein the ball is associated with the shutter in such a way that the shutter is driven in the chamber when the ball is moved by a magnetic drive device.

Abstract: A solenoid armature having a central bore therethrough for receiving an end of a shaft passing through the armature. The shaft is shouldered to engage the armature at the entrance side of the bore. Preferably, a formed stop is provided on the shaft to transfer load between th6 shaft and the armature. At the exit side, the shaft is surrounded by a axially-compressible resilient element, preferably a wave washer retained by a retaining washer and a retaining clip attached to the shaft. A retaining groove is provided in the shaft such that the wave washer must be compressed during assembly to install the clip on the shaft. The apparatus is especially useful in an exhaust gas recirculation valve for an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A one-way valve assembly can be fitted to the end of a syringe to allow fluid to flow from the syringe and into a body cavity but to prevent backflow. The valve assembly is opened by insertion of the luer tip of the syringe into the assembly inlet. The valve has an internal elastic member that forms a variable volume internal chamber. This chamber expands upon insertion of the luer tip into the inlet and shrinks when the luer tip is removed from the assembly. The shrinking action creates a positive pressure in the valve assembly to prevent backflow.

Abstract: A sill cock assembly for attachment to a pipe. The sill cock assembly includes a main body having a first end. A faucet is located at an opposite second end. A bore runs through the main body from the first end to the second end. A plurality of o-rings is located on an inner surface of the main body surrounding the bore. The o-rings are annularly aligned around the bore. In addition, a plurality of set screw bores run from an outer surface of the main body to the inner surface of the main body. Set screws are positioned within the set screw bores. A pipe is positioned within the bore and the plurality of set screws are tightened to secure the sill cock assembly in place upon the pipe. In an alternate embodiment, the assembly may include a threaded end for attachment to another device in place of the faucet.

Abstract: A wafer-style valve assembly adapted to be coupled between opposing pipeline components having a common centerline secured together by a plurality of longitudinal fasteners includes a substantially cylindrical valve body, a seat retaining plate, and at least one clip. The valve body has a peripheral edge portion and an axial end surface. The seat retaining plate is disposed on the axial end surface. The at least one clip is also disposed on the axial end surface and extends radially outward of the peripheral edge portion. The clip has a radially inward portion and a radially outward portion. The radially inward portion secures the seat retaining plate to the to valve body. The radially outward portion has an edge defining a first recess and a second recess. The first and second recesses are each adapted to accommodate a longitudinal fastener to locate the valve assembly relative to the centerline of the pipeline.

Abstract: A pintle-type valve having a valve body enclosing a chamber. A first port including a valve seat is formed in a first wall of the body. A bore formed in a second wall of the body receives a pintle bushing. The outer diameter of the bushing is less than the diameter of the bore such that the bushing has radial freedom of motion. A valve stem is disposed in a bore in the bushing. The bushing is radially centered by resilient elements within the body bore, preferably annular metal springs. The bushing includes a flange extending along an outer surface of the valve body for forming a seal at the outer bushing end. At the opposite end of the bushing, a retainer comprising a wave washer exerts compressive force to seal the flange against the body while permitting the bushing to float radially in response to radial forces.

Abstract: A rotary valve assembly for use in a process provides fluid communication and enables variable conduit interconnection and flow passage. Process cycle time is variable by means of rotational speed of through one or more apertures of a third valve member and respective alignment with one or more apertures of a first valve member and one or more apertures of a second valve member. Process step time is variable by means of adjustable position and variable alignment of aperture(s) of the first valve member and the second valve member. The rotary valve assembly provides for gradual transition and flow passage between process steps, flow metering, mixing, reversal, or any combination thereof. Process systems including the rotary valve include an adsorption process, humidity control process, heat pump process and/or water purification process among others.

Abstract: A valve, in particular a valve for use in fire-fighting, includes a valve housing and components being in frictional engagement with each other or with the housing during use of the valve. At least one of the frictional engaging components is mounted in the housing so as to be removable for maintenance or replacement.

Abstract: An air valve structure for inflatable articles includes a cylindrical body, at least one venthole on a valve base, a valve cover coupled to the valve base and having a containing groove, and a valve pillar in the containing groove and including a tube body passing through a through hole. The tube body includes an air guide hole and a pressing portion, and the valve cover is coupled to a locking member, and the valve pillar displaces up and down in the containing groove to define a closed state and an open state, and the locking member and the valve pillar define a position limit relation to prevent the valve pillar from being touched accidentally or an excessively large air pressure from causing an air leak. With the foregoing measures, the air valve structure of the invention provides an easy operation and achieves an airtight effect.

Abstract: W-type ferrite has improved magnetic properties, in particular, coercive force. A high coercive force (HcJ) and a high residual magnetic flux density (Br) can be simultaneously attained by a ferrite magnetic material comprising an oxide having a composition wherein metal elements Sr, Ba and Fe in total have a composition ratio represented by the formula Sr(1?x)BaxFe2+aFe3+b in which 0.03?x?0.80, 1.1?a?2.4, and 12.3?b?16.1. The ferrite magnetic material can form any of a ferrite sintered magnet, a ferrite magnet powder, a bonded magnet as a ferrite magnet powder dispersed in a resin, and a magnetic recording medium as a film-type magnetic phase. As for the ferrite sintered magnet, there can be attained a fine sintered structure that has a mean grain size of 0.6 ?m or less.

Abstract: Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4(trifluoromethyl)-3 pentanone can be used in heat transfer refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The compositions may be in combination with fluoroethers. The compositions may be azeotropic or near azeotropic.

Abstract: A composite product is made from a slurry that includes host particles having alpha-calcined calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals formed in the voids, cracks, fissures or other surface opening of the host particle, alpha-calcined calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals and a dust reducing agent. The dust reducing agent is at least one of a synthetic wax and soy lecithin. As the slurry cools, the hemihydrate forms an interlocking matrix of calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals, some of which are attached to host particles. A process for making the slurry includes forming a slurry of host particles and calcium sulfate dihydrate, then heating the slurry to at least 140° C. and autogenous pressure until substantially all of the calcium sulfate dihydrate has been converted to alpha-calcined calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The dust reducing agent is added to the slurry. A composite panel is made by further dewatering the slurry and forming a panel.

Abstract: A film forming composition includes a compound having a cage structure and an antioxidant.

Abstract: A process for preparing a pulverulent alditol acetal composition, which comprises a) mixing, in the presence or absence of other constituents, an aqueous alditol acetal composition having a solids content (SC) of between 40 and 75%, relative to the weight of the total aqueous alditol acetal composition, and an antioxidant in solid or liquid form or an antioxidant composition in solid or liquid form, containing one or more antioxidants, and b) drying of the mixture obtained under a). This process makes it possible to obtain pulverulent alditol acetal compositions that have improved density, particle size and flow characteristics.

Abstract: A reactive fine particle includes one or more functional compounds A or its precursors having a maximal size of less than 2 microns, adapted for synthesis, modification, curing, cross-linking, secession and/or initiating of polymerization of polymers; and one or more inert particles B having at least the maximal size of 2 microns and carrying said functional compounds A at its outer surface and/or in its inner portion. The compounds A to inert particles B weight ratio is ranging from 0.01A:100B to 50A:100B.

Abstract: The present invention provides a curable liquid resin composition which, when cured, exhibits excellent removability from an adjacent coating layer as well as small deterioration when exposed under high-temperature and humidity condition and which is suitable for an optical fiber upjacket material. The curable liquid resin optical fiber upjacket composition comprising a urethane (meth)acrylate or a (meth)acrylate oligomer, a reactive diluent, a polymerization initiator, and a silicone compound having an average molecular weight of 1250 to 35000.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the nano- or microstructuring of a substrate by applying a mesogen or a mesogenic mixture on top of the substrate. The improvement is that the mesogen or mesogenic mixture is contact printed unto the target substrate, said substrate having an alignment layer.

Abstract: Optically transparent, conductive polymer compositions and methods for making them are claimed. These conductive polymer compositions comprise an oxidized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene polymer, a polysulfonated styrene polymer, single wall carbon nanotubes and/or metallic nanoparticles. The conductive polymer compositions can include both single wall carbon nanotubes and metallic nanoparticles. The conductive polymer compositions have a sheet resistance of less than about 200 Ohms/square, a conductivity of greater than about 300 siemens/cm, and a visible light (380-800 nm) transmission level of greater than about 50%, preferably greater than about 85% and most preferably greater than about 90% (when corrected for substrate). The conductive polymer compositions comprising single wall carbon nanotubes are made by mixing the oxidized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene polymer and polysulfonated styrene polymer with single wall carbon nanotubes and then sonicating the mixture.

Abstract: Membrane switches are manufactured by electrically conductive pastes consisting of 55 to 65% by weight of metal powder in the shape of flake (silver, aluminum, copper or the alloy thereof), 35 to 60% by weight of an organic solvent at high boiling point, 5 to 15% by weight of organic thermal plastic, including mainly saturation polyester polymer, and 0.5 to 5% by weight of additives, including trietheanolamine, adhesion promoter, defoamer, leveling agent, thixotropic agent etc. The silver paste is of excellent adhesion on ITO film or ITO glass, delivers conductivity high up to 20 m?/? with less than 65% by weight of silver, and passes test under the conditions (85?, 85% RH, 1000 hours).