Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus of the present invention maintains an anode electrode 5 at a higher positive electric potential than a cathode electrode 15, applies an electric field to a cold-cathode electron emission source 16 by controlling a gate voltage applied to the cathode electrode 15 with a gate electrode 10, and emits excitation light from a phosphor 6 irradiated by an electron beam released from the cold-cathode electron emission source 16. The light-emitting apparatus of this invention emits the excitation light not only from the opposite side of the electron beam-irradiated surface of the phosphor 6 through a glass substrate 2, but also from the electron bean-irradiated surface of the phosphor 6 by reflecting the excitation light with a gate reflection surface 12 on the gate electrode 10 and emitting it through an unobstructed area Ro of the glass substrate 2.

Abstract: EL panels having a longer life are provided. The EL panel according to the present invention contains a substrate; an EL element formed on the substrate; a sealing plate facing the substrate and covering the EL element on the substrate; and an adhesive interposed between the substrate and the sealing plate and containing multiple plate-shaped or needle-shaped fillers, wherein a projection and depression part is formed on a contact area of the substrate with the adhesive, and on a contact area of the sealing plate with the adhesive, and one ends of the fillers are inserted in a depression part of the projection and depression part.

Abstract: A mesh structure for a large-scale display screen having a resolution of (n×m, n, m>1) is provided herein, which formed by weaving or braiding (i+j, i, j>1) linear members. (n×m) lighting units are then individually and fixedly positioned on the mesh structure with a substantial uniform distance among them. Signal and power cables are then laid out along the linear members to connect the lighting units for the delivery of video signal and electricity. The light units function as the display screen's pixels and the distance between adjacent lighting units is the pitch of the display screen.

Abstract: Phosphor 8 is attached to window portion 6 of housing vessel 7 in light-emitting diode 20. Blue excitation light 9 emitted from blue light-emitting diode chip 4 is irradiated on phosphor 8, and part of excitation light 9 is absorbed by phosphor 8, which converts its wavelength and produces yellow fluorescence 9a to be emitted outward from light-emitting diode 20. In addition, part of excitation light 9 also passes through phosphor 8 and becomes transmitted excitation light 9b, which is then emitted outward from light-emitting diode 20. Yellow fluorescence 9a and blue transmitted excitation light 9b blend to become white light 10.

Abstract: The present invention discloses synthesis of 2,2?-disubstituted 9,9?-spirobifluorene-based triaryldiamine. First, 2,2?-diamino-9,9?-spirobifluorene, a Pd-catalyst as auxiliary and aryl halide BX are provided, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of: Cl, Br and I, B comprises one of the following group: aryl moiety, hetero cycle, multiple fused ring, multiple fused ring with hetero atom(s). Next, a substitution reaction is performed to react the 2,2?-diamino-9,9?-spirobifluorene with the aryl halide BX to produce the 2,2?-disubstituted 9,9?-spirobifluorene-based triaryldiamines. In addition, the present invention discloses organic light emitting devices comprising hole transporting material comprising 2,2?-bis(N,N-disubstituted amino)-9,9?-spirobifluorenes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a carbazole-based compound with a general formula as following: , wherein Q is a non-conjugate moiety, A comprises one of the following group: aryl moiety, hetero cycle, multiple fused ring, multiple fused ring with hetero atom(s). In addition, the present invention discloses a method for forming the carbazole-based compound.

Abstract: An organic EL display including an organic EL device 2 and a barrier film 3 which seals the organic EL device 2 and includes a conductive film. An organic EL display including an organic EL device, a color conversion layer, and a barrier film which seals the color conversion layer and includes a conductive film. An organic EL display including an organic EL device 2 and a barrier film 3 which seals the organic EL device 2 and includes a stress reducing layer 3b.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device comprises a first electrode, organic material layer(s) comprising a light emitting layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode, the organic material layer(s), and the second electrode form layered structure and at least one layer of the organic material layer(s) include the compound of Formula 1 or the compound of Formula 1 into which a thermosetting or photo-crosslinkable functional group is introduced.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device and a method of manufacturing the same include a substrate, a plurality of first electrodes formed on the substrate, a plurality of banks formed on the substrate to define pixels on the first electrodes, a plurality of organic light emitting layers filled in the pixels, a second electrode formed of a metal on upper surfaces of the banks and the organic light emitting layers, and an auxiliary electrode formed of a metal in a predetermined shape on an upper surface of the second electrode disposed on the banks.

Abstract: An active matrix type organic light emitting diode display serving as a bottom emission type device coupling out emission of an organic electroluminescence layer from a substrate where thin film transistors are formed or as a top emission type device coupling out the emission on the opposite side to the substrate. In a suitable layer (102, 106, 107) in each device, an insulating film containing SiO is formed. The insulating film is porous with nano pores in the film. The porous insulating film is controlled as to film density, film refractive index, nano pore diameter in film, average nano pore diameter in film and maximum nano pore diameter in film so that the refractive index is lower than that of a transparent electrode or a transparent substrate of the display holding the organic electroluminescence layer therebetween, and nano pores are present in the film.

Abstract: A method of driving a display having a plurality of light-emitting elements that change with time or use, comprising the steps of: a) displaying a first image signal having spatially distributed pixels divided into a plurality of groups, each pixel group comprising more than one spatially neighboring pixel, and forming and storing one or more first image signal group attributes for each of the plurality of pixel groups; b) displaying a subsequent second image signal having spatially distributed pixels divided into the plurality of groups and forming one or more subsequent second image signal group attributes for each of the plurality of pixel groups; and c) comparing the subsequent second group attributes and the stored first group attributes to form at least one group difference value for each pixel group, comparing the group difference values to at least one predetermined metric to form at least one pixel group dynamic value, combining the group dynamic values, and if the combined group dynamic values are f

Abstract: Evaporated receptacles for inkjet deposited polymeric light-emitting diode (PLED)/organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and a method of making the same. The evaporated receptacles are formed via a shadow mask vacuum deposition process. The method of forming a light-emitting display includes forming an electrode on a substrate, forming a receptacle structure over the electrode via a shadow mask vacuum deposition process, and delivering a quantity of polymeric solution, which contains a light-emitting material, into the receptacle via a standard inkjet deposition process.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence display device and a fabricating method thereof for preventing a badness of a pad portion are disclosed. In the organic electro-luminescence display device, a first conductive layer is electrically connected to any at least one of first and second electrodes of the organic electro-luminescence array. A second conductive layer is provided on the first conductive layer. A dummy insulating pattern is provided to cover the first and second conductive layer and has a hole for exposing a portion of the second conductive layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting panel comprises a transparent substrate having a plurality of electroluminescent elements on the surface thereof. Dielectric elements are located between the electroluminescent elements, each being in contact with a conductive element in contact with the dielectric elements. A voltage can be applied across each electroluminescent element without the need for an expensive transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: A method is performed for the fabrication of LED and its structure. The LED is capable of emitting uniform white light and includes a substrate, an LED die, a holding frame and fluorescent substance where the holding frame is of hollow shape. The LED contains a die emitting blue light, and the fluorescent substance is a yellow phosphor. As the LED die is mounted on the substrate, the holding frame is seated on the die, and a bond wiring is performed. The holding frame is filled with the fluorescent substance in a uniform distribution on the die to form a layer of fluorescence. Finally the structure of the LED is accomplished as the packaging is completed.

Abstract: A illumination source comprising (i) a light emitting device, (ii) at least one photoluminescent material layer, and (iii) a filter between the light emitting device and the photoluminescent material layer. The light emitting device may comprise one or more LEDs, one or more lasers, one or more laser diodes, one or more lamps, or a combination of these things. The photoluminescent material layer may comprise quantum dot material and/or phosphors, and it may absorb light emitted from the light emitting device and convert the wavelengths of at least a portion of the photons emitted from the light emitting device to longer wavelengths. The filter may be substantially transmissive of light emitted by the light emitting device and substantially reflective of light emitted by the photoluminescent material layer, which may be omnidirectional.

Abstract: A gas discharge device having a plurality of electrodes; and a low voltage protective layer deposited onto the electrodes such that the plurality of electrodes and the low voltage protective layer form a vessel containing a dischargeable gas so that at least the low voltage protective layer is exposed to the dischargeable gas.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a substrate, a plurality of metal electrodes, and a dielectric layer. The plurality of metal electrodes are formed on the substrate in a predetermined direction. The dielectric layer is formed on the metal electrodes by firing a glass material. The metal electrodes are formed with a film thickness of 6 ?m or less. The dielectric layer is formed with a film thickness of 25 ?m or less.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes: a front substrate having a sustain electrode and a scan electrode for causing surface discharge, and a first dielectric layer which covers the sustain electrode and the scan electrode; a rear substrate having an address electrode extending across the sustain electrode and the scan electrode, and a second dielectric layer which covers the address electrode; a partition wall disposed in a discharge space defined between the front substrate and the rear substrate combined together and partitioning the discharge space; and a fluorescent layer covering a side surface of the partition wall and the second dielectric layer; wherein the second dielectric layer has a light absorbing function, and the partition wall has a light transmitting function. The plasma display panel ensures higher brightness and higher contrast.

Abstract: A foil interface suited to interconnection of an electrode (18, 20) with an outer connector (24, 26) of a lamp includes a first electrically conductive connector (18, 20, 24, 26) includes a shank portion (46) and terminating in a shelf (48). A region (60) of progressively decreasing thickness is intermediate the shank portion and the shelf. An electrically conductive foil connector (28, 30) is mounted to the shelf adjacent a first end (70) of the foil connector.

Abstract: An improved induction lighting system is presented where the electronic power supply device powering the induction lamp is insulated and an extensive set of heat sink fins is provided to control the temperature of the power supply. Reduction of power supply device temperature in this manner greatly extends the operational life of these devices. The improved induction lighting system is designed to be retrofitted into existing induction lighting systems, in all indoor and outdoor lighting applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lead free paint composition for use on UV control lamps. The paint composition is able to withstand high application and operating temperatures, up to 800° C., without exhibiting performance or visual degradation. The paint is used to differentiate lamps including a UV protective quartz jacket from similar lamps that lack such protection.

Abstract: A composite ignition device includes a positive electrode having a tip formed thereon that is bonded to a first insulator to form a firing cone assembly. A second insulator having a negative capacitive element embedded therein is attached to the firing cone assembly. A positive capacitive element is disposed in the second insulator and is separated from the negative capacitive element by the second insulator. The positive capacitive element is coupled to the positive electrode. The positive and negative capacitive elements form a capacitor. A resistor is coupled to the positive capacitive element. An electrical connector is coupled to the resistor and attached to the second insulator. A shell includign a negative electrode having a tip is attached to the second insulator and the firing core assembly and coupled to the negative capacitive element. The negative electrode tip is spaced apart from the positive electrode tip.

Abstract: A hot cathode fluorescent lamp (2) comprises a vessel (4) containing two electrodes (8, 9) at a distance from each other with each electrode having two connection leads (10, 11, 12, 13) extending to the outside of the vessel. Across each electrode a heating voltage is applied to have a heating current (IH1, IH2) flowing through the electrode. Across 5 the electrodes a discharge voltage is applied to have a discharge or lamp current (IL) flowing through the lamp. At least for one electrode the lamp current is divided into partial lamp currents (IL1, IL2, IL3, IL4). A control circuit (32) is arranged to control the partial lamp currents, such that one of the partial lamp currents is greater, possibly maximum when taking a reference value for the heating current in account, than the other partial lamp current.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus comprises: an RF generator operable to output RF power; an impedance matching network operable to receive the RF power; a plasma chamber operable to receive an output from the impedance matching network; a storing unit operable to store information relating to an S parameter of the impedance matching network; and a control unit operable to control an operating condition for the plasma chamber, based on the information relating to the S parameter.

Abstract: A dimming circuit for driving a string of LEDs at constant current has a power converter. A control circuit is coupled to the power converter. A plurality of shunt switches is provided. An individual shut switch is coupled to each LED. Each LED can be shunted individually by the individual shunt switch. The control circuit corrects an internal DC state based on a feedback signal VO so that the output current of the power converter remains unchanged when at least one LED is shunted.

Abstract: A modular light system such as for a spa is provided. The light system has a robust coupler with a quick-connect mechanism. The controller can have a single output to provide for daisy-chaining of the lighting components. A lens housing is provided that can accept an LED that is connected to a light harness having a pair of the couplers. The light harness can have any number of LEDs attached thereto and can have an adapter for connection with a main spa light.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light emitting diode lamp, which includes at least a light emitting diode and a control circuit. The light emitting diode lamp has an anode pin, a cathode pin, and a synchronous pin. The anode pin and the cathode pin receive a DC voltage, and the synchronous pin is connected to the control circuit. Moreover, the present invention provides a synchronous light emitting diode lamp string, which includes a plurality of light emitting diode lamps and at least a power adapter. Each light emitting diode lamp has a synchronous pin, and all synchronous pins are connected together. The control circuit can control the color changing of the light emitting diode based on a reference signal from the synchronous pin.

Abstract: A backlight inverter to light a plurality of CCFLs is provided which supplies a stable clamp current without influence of the CCFL temperature, and which stabilizes the LCD surface brightness immediately from the start of lighting the CCFLs, and a method of driving the backlight inverter is also provided. In a backlight inverter including a plurality of inverter transformers and adapted to light a plurality of CCFLs, two primary windings of each of the inverter transformers are connected in series to each other, and a resonant circuit is formed of a leakage inductance and capacitances at the secondary side of each of the inverter transformers, wherein the inverter transformers are operated at a frequency which is lower than an intermediate frequency between the series resonance frequency and the parallel resonance frequency of the resonant circuit, and which is higher than a frequency at which the phase characteristic curve has its peak.

Abstract: Optical element driving circuits flexibly configure energy sources to cause a flash tube to produce illumination at one of multiple output intensities. The driving circuits allow a single strobe alarm to take the place of multiple strobe alarms individually dedicated to specific output intensities. The driving circuits may also mitigate or eliminate high voltage arcing within the driving circuit.

Abstract: To shorten the luminous flux rise time and prevent melting/deformation of the projections in the initial ignition period of high pressure discharge lamps that have a sealed mercury volume of no less than 0.20 mg/mm3, a power supply device feeds a current that exceeds the maximum current value of the constant power control period to the high pressure discharge lamp during a first control period from the initial discharge until the lamp voltage reaches a specified lamp voltage and causes a switch to constant power control, and then, during the following period until a change to steady power control, the power supply device feeds it a current that is less than the maximum current during regular operation.

Abstract: In an electrodeless discharge lamp suitable for use at a place with unfavorable environmental conditions or at a place where lamp replacement is difficult, the replacement of a lamp unit is facilitated and the lamp unit is prevented from falling off from a power coupler unit even if there is component deterioration caused by long-term use. A metallic elastic member is provided near a position on a metallic heat conduction member of the power coupler unit that is farthest from an electromagnetic field generating portion. In addition to an ordinary coupling structure between the power coupler unit and a coupling member, the elastic member is engaged with the coupling member of the lamp unit. When the lamp unit is mounted on or removed from the power coupler unit, a bulb of the lamp unit is turned relative to the power coupler unit about the axis and moved forward/backward in the direction of the axis.

Abstract: An apparatus and method thereof for regulating a light source are described. The apparatus includes a light-to-frequency converter that converts light received from the light source into a signal having a corresponding frequency. A circuit coupled to the light-to-frequency converter uses the frequency to regulate light that is emitted from the light source.

Abstract: The method of the present invention turns off the line of LEDs of a backlight module behind the currently enabled scanline of a LCD device so that the transient behavior of the liquid crystal molecules are less obvious, thereby enhancing the dynamic response of the LCD device. For one type of embodiments, in accordance with the top-down scanning of the LCD device, the corresponding horizontal lines of the LEDs of the backlight module are turned off in a certain manner so that they exhibit a lighting (or, more precisely, darkening) pattern as if they are also “scanned” from top to down. For another type of embodiments, the horizontal lines of the LEDs of the backlight module are turned off and on simultaneously so that the backlight module actually “flashes” the LCD device.

Abstract: A control method for a backlight module having a driving circuit and at least one lighting element includes the steps of controlling the driving circuit to drive the lighting element according to a first-type control signal before a first time instant, controlling the driving circuit to drive the lighting element according to a transition modulation signal at a time instant between the first time instant and a second time instant, and controlling the driving circuit to drive the lighting element according to a second-type control signal after the second time instant.

Abstract: The invention provides a filament cutout circuit for a fluorescent lamp (60). The filament cutout circuit includes a filament transformer (20) with a primary winding (22) and at least one secondary winding (24, 26, 28), and a cutout transistor (30) serially connected to the primary winding (22). The secondary winding (24, 26, 28) provides a filament voltage to a filament (62, 64) in the fluorescent lamp (60). A filament control input (12) turns on the cutout transistor (30) for a predetermined time period to preheat the filament (62, 64).

Abstract: When multiple motors (40) share a common DC power supply (10) via a bus (20), a system and method is provided for managing the effect of regenerative energy caused by a motor. The regenerative energy may be sensed, e.g., by a power electronics controller (50, 50?). In response, one or more of the other motors currently in operation may be controlled to operate according to a reduced power factor. Thus, the excess energy is consumed without adding any new components or increasing the amount of work performed in the system.

Abstract: An actuator driving apparatus comprises the following. A start signal generator generates a start signal having a frequency substantially equal to the resonance frequency of the movable portion of an actuator. A rock detector detects rock of the movable portion. A drive timing signal generator generates a drive timing signal based on the output of the rock detector. A switch is connected to the start signal generator and drive timing signal generator for selectively transmitting their outputs to a section arranged in a subsequent stage. A drive signal generator generates a drive signal based on the output of the switch, and supplies it to the actuator. A superposition preventing section prevents a frequency component of a frequency substantially equal to the resonance frequency from being superposed upon the output of the rock detector. The apparatus performs driving according to the rocking state of the movable portion, by switching the switch.

Abstract: A circuit device is disclosed which is used to increase useable motor voltage in a long stator drive. Further, suitable methods for operating a magnetically levitated vehicle provided with the circuit device are also disclosed. In one embodiment of the present invention, the stator section of the long stator drive is connected to the energy supply line on two connection points by way of a first and a second switch. A third switch is located between both connection points arranged on the energy supply line. Both of the stator section connections are connected to the ground potential by way of a fourth and a fifth switch. In one embodiment, in order to accelerate the magnetically levitated vehicle, the first and the second switches are closed and all other switches are opened. The stator section is cross-flown in a direct manner by current in the energy supply line.

Abstract: A motor driving device includes an amplifying unit, a noise removing unit, an analog-to-digital converter, a calculating unit, and a motor driving unit. The amplifying unit amplifies an analog frequency signal corresponding to a rotation speed of a direct-current brushless motor. The noise removing unit removes noise from the analog frequency signal after amplification. The analog-to-digital converter converts the analog frequency signal from which noise is removed to a digital frequency signal. The calculating unit calculates a current control amount with respect to each phase of the direct-current brushless motor based on the digital frequency signal. The motor driving unit drives the direct-current brushless motor at a specified speed based on the current control amount.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a control system for a garage door. The control system can include a motor, a pulley, a synchronous drive member, a carriage, and an operator. The pulley can be coupled to and driven by the motor. The synchronous drive member can be coupled to the pulley and driven by the pulley. The carriage can be coupled to the synchronous drive member and to a bottom edge of a garage door. The operator can be coupled to the motor and can control the motor. The operator can be mounted vertically adjacent to the garage door when the garage door is in a closed position.

Abstract: As an antilock system for a permanently excited electric motor drive, especially for a steering booster servo drive of a motor vehicle, in the event of a winding short-circuit, an interruption of at least one winding phase (MP1 or MP2 or MP3) of the winding affected by the short circuit is provided, by a separating means (T) triggered by an explosion directly or indirectly by the winding short-circuit. The antilock system advantageously has a separate neutral point connection part (MP) which is especially embodied as a sheet metal moulded part, is to be connected to the winding ends of the electric motor, and contains the winding phases (MP1; MP2; MP3) and the neutral point connection thereof as a single component. The antilock system is purposefully arranged on a front winding head of the electric motor and connected to the winding thereof.

Abstract: A method of evaluating the performance of a control system using a computerized device includes calculating a ratio of a first area and a second area associated with a peak value of a signal associated with the control system, comparing the ratio with a predetermined value for the ratio, determining a cause of oscillation in the control system based on the comparison of the ratio with the predetermined value for the ratio, and providing a diagnosis of the cause of oscillation in the control system.

Abstract: A servo device is provided which includes a drive source made of a brushless motor. A DC motor driving integrated circuit produces output signals and controls the output of a three-phase brushless motor driving integrated circuit to drive the brush less motor. A selection switching section detects information regarding the rotational speed of the brushless motor. The selection switching section extracts the counter electromotive voltage of the brushless motor, feeds the voltage back to the DC motor driving integrated circuit and PWM controls a drive signal output from the three-phase brushless motor driving integrated circuit. This allows the brushless motor to be easily applied to the servo device.

Abstract: A linking interlock mechanism in a biped robot is provided that prevents the reduction gears in the servo device from being damaged due to an external impulsive force. A servo horn is fit to the output shaft protruded from a servo device housing, which includes a motor, reduction gears, and the like. An interlock member for transmitting force externally is press fitted on the junction surface of the servo horn with the locking screw inserted via the washer. Salient portions are formed on the junction surface between the servo horn and the interlock member. The interlock member has depressed portions at the positions engaged with the salient portions. When a strong impulse force is externally added to the interlock member, the linking state between the interlock member and the servo horn is released instantaneously. This can prevent the reduction gears in the servo device from being damaged.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electric motor includes the step of determining multi-phase voltage demand values. The method also includes the steps of determining a star voltage (vstar) of the electric motor and determining multi-phase voltage output command values as a function of the star voltage (vstar) and the multi-phase voltage demand values. The method further includes the step of supplying multi-phase voltage to the electric motor in accordance with the multi-phase voltage output command values energize the electric motor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a protection circuit module (PCM) including a protection circuit for controlling overcharge, overdischarge, and overcurrent of a battery. The protection circuit module includes a pair of connecting members, which are mounted to a rectangular lower end of the PCM and electrically connected to a protection circuit, and a pair of coupling members coupled to the corresponding connecting members while plate-shaped electrode terminals of a battery cell are interposed between the connecting members and the coupling members, and a battery pack including the protection circuit module, which is electrically connected to a battery cell. According to the present invention, a welding or soldering process, which requires a large amount of time and a high degree of technical skill to manufacture a battery pack, is not necessary, the coupling force between the battery cell and the PCM is increased, and the inner space of the battery pack is maximally utilized.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a battery pack including a module assembly consisting of two or more unit modules having different outputs and capacities, a detection unit for detecting the current and/or the voltage of the battery pack and transmitting the detected current signal and/or the detected voltage signal to a control unit, the control unit for selecting an optimal unit module from the module assembly based on the current signal and/or the voltage signal received from the detection unit, and a switching unit for electrically connecting a specific unit module of the module assembly to an external input and output terminal under the control of the control unit. In the battery pack according to the present invention, an appropriate unit module is selected and operated depending upon the operating conditions of a device in which the battery pack is mounted, whereby the operating efficiency of the battery pack is improved.

Abstract: A charger for a motorized tool includes a filter circuit, a rectifier circuit, a pulse width modulation (PWN) circuit, a transformer circuit, and a sensing circuit. Thus, the sensing circuit captures partial of the output voltage to compare with a reference voltage to obtain an error signal between the output voltage and the reference voltage and feeds back the error signal to the PWN circuit to change the pulse width of the PWN circuit so as to regulate the duty cycle of the power switch, so that the output voltage and current are adjusted according to the feedback error signal so as to charge the battery exactly and stably.

Abstract: A voltage difference is developed between the negative input side 2c and the negative output side 2d of the voltage boost circuit 2, the negative input side 2c is connected to the negative side of the power source 5, and the negative output side 2d is connected to the negative side of the rechargeable batteries 1. Further, the load FET 3 is connected between the negative input side 2c and the negative output side 2d of the voltage boost circuit 2, and an n-channel FET is used as the load FET 3. The control circuit 4 maintains the load FET 3 in the OFF state to cut-off conduction when there is no power outage, and switches the load FET 3 ON to supply power to the load 12 from the rechargeable batteries 1 during a power outage.