Abstract: An electron beam duplication lithography apparatus and method for focusing electrons emitted from a mask plate as a result of an application of an electric field between a mask plate and a duplication plate. Irradiation of electrons from the mask plate is assisted through an electric field lens or magnetic field lens, or a combination thereof from an electron field emission material formed into a pattern on a flat surface of a substrate. The result is that a congruent or similar pattern is lithographed by electron beam exposure onto an electron beam resist film from a field emission film having the congruent or similar pattern to be created.

Abstract: A method for preparing a printing plate material containing a substrate having thereon a hydrophilic layer, comprising the steps of (i) applying on the substrate an aqueous coating solution for the hydrophilic layer, the coating solution containing colloid of spherical metal oxide particles and having a pH value of 8 to 12 to obtain a coating layer; and (ii) heating the printing plate material so that a surface temperature of the coated layer is raised to 130 to 300° C., so as to dry the coated layer.

Abstract: A planographic printing method including: providing a planographic printing plate precursor including a substrate and an image recording layer which is disposed on the substrate and contains (A) an infrared absorber, (B) a polymerization initiator and (C) a polymerizable compound; imagewise exposing the planographic printing plate precursor with an infrared laser; and supplying oil-based ink and an aqueous component to the exposed planographic printing plate precursor without any development treatment, so as to print an image. A region of the planographic printing plate precursor that has not been exposed with an infrared laser is removed during the printing. The polymerizable compound of (C) is represented by the following formula (1): wherein Ar1, R1, Z and n are as defined in the claims and the specification.

Abstract: An exemplary method for manufacturing photoresist includes the steps of: adding a metal salt into an aqueous solution, whereby the aqueous solution contains metallic ions (211); adding a sulfide containing sulfur ions (231) into the aqueous solution; adding a polymerizable surfactant (220) into the aqueous solution thereby forming metallic ion reverse micelles (210) and sulfur ion reverse micelles (230); reacting the metallic ion reverse micelles and the sulfur ion reverse micelles to create monomeric sulfureted metal nanoparticle reverse micelles (240); aggregating the monomeric sulfureted metal nanoparticle reverse micelles to polymeric macromolecular nanoparticles; and doping the polymeric macromolecules nanoparticles into a base material in order to obtain the photoresist having sulfureted metal nanoparticles. A diameter of the nanoparticles is in the range from 1×10?9 meters to 1×10?7 meters.

Abstract: A silver halide color photosensitive material comprising at least one layer containing at least one compound selected from a group consisting of the following type 1 and type 2, and at least one layer containing at least one fluorine compound represented by the following general formula (A): (Type 1) Compound which undergoes a one-electron oxidation so as to form a one-electron oxidation product capable of, through subsequent bond cleavage reaction, releasing one or more electrons; (Type 2) Compound which undergoes a one-electron oxidation so as to form a one-electron oxidation product capable of, after subsequent bond formation reaction, releasing one or more electrons; Rf?X-M:??General formula (A) wherein Rf represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons which is substituted with at least one fluorine atom, X represents a divalent coupling group or a single bond, and M represents an anionic group, a cationic group or a betaine group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and products for the evaluation of HIV treatment. In particular, molecular events at the HIV envelope protein and their effect on therapeutic efficacy of drugs are determined. The methods rely on providing HIV envelope nucleic acid material and evaluating a treatment either through genotyping or phenotyping. Said method may find use in multiple fields including diagnostics, drug screening, pharmacogenetics and drug development.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of diagnosing neoplasms having a particular phenotype by using oncolytic viruses that selectively replicate in neoplasms having the particular phenotype. For example, reovirus does not replicate in normal cells. However, reovirus selectively replicate in cells with an activated ras pathway, which leads to death of these cells. Therefore, a cell which becomes neoplastic due to, at least in part, elevated ras pathway activities can be diagnosed by its susceptibility to reovirus replication. This invention can further be applied, using other oncolytic viruses, to the diagnosis and/or treatment of other tumors, such as interferon-sensitive tumors, p53-deficient tumors and Rb-deficient tumors. Kits useful in the diagnosis or treatment disclosed herein are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for identifying morphogen analogs. The preferred methods and compositions relate to the discovery that morphogen upregulation of the mouse type X collagen promoter activity is mediated by a MEF-2 like sequence and requires an adjacent AP-1 sequence. Certain methods rest on the use of test cells comprising DNA defining a morphogen-responsive transcription activating element operatively associated with a reporter gene. Other methods rest on the use of DNAs for measuring morphogen-inducible DNA-binding. In certain preferred embodiments, the methods and DNAs involve an osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1) responsive transcription activating element. Substances that mediate interaction with and/or activate the OP-1 responsive transcription activating element are considered herein likely to be useful for reproducing in vivo effects of morphogens such as OP-1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sensitive, rapid and convenient assays for detection and/or quantification of one or several analyte(s) in solution using so called proximity probes. The proximity probes comprise a binding moiety and a nucleic acid. The nucleic acid from one proximity probe is only capable of interaction with the nucleic acid from the other proximity probe when these are in close proximity, i.e. have bound to the analytes for which they are specific. The present invention relates to methods and kits for proximity probing and are performed in solution without the need of a solid phase.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods for identifying test substances useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases involving an oxidative stress. The methods involve screening assays, including high throughput screening techniques, in which the test substances are tested for their ability to promote resistance to oxidative stress by activating one or more points of the integrated stress response pathway, while not causing stress.

Abstract: Methods of amplifying nucleic acid have now been discovered which include the steps of: a) annealing a primer to a template nucleic acid sequence, the primer having a first portion which anneals to the template and a second portion of predetermined sequence; b) synthesizing a polynucleotide that anneals to and is complementary to the portion of the template between the location at which the first portion of the primer anneals to the template and the end of the template, the polynucleotide having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end incorporates the primer; c) separating the polynucleotide synthesized in step (b) from the template; d) annealing a nested oligonucleotide to the second end of the polynucleotide synthesized in step (b), the nested oligonucleotide having a first portion that anneals to the second end of the polynucleotide and a second portion having the same predetermined sequence as the second portion of the primer; e) extending the polynucleotide synthesized in step (b) to provide

Abstract: The present invention relates to single domain ligands derived from molecules in the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, receptors comprising at least one such ligand, methods for cloning, amplifying and expressing DNA sequences encoding such ligands, preferably using the polymerase chain reaction, methods for the use of said DNA sequences in the production of Ig-type molecules and said ligands or receptors, and the use of said ligands or receptors in therapy, diagnosis or catalysis.

Abstract: Mutations in a genome associating in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are found in human DR3 genomic DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:1. The invention provides a genome having such mutations, transcripts thereof, a method of highly accurately evaluating the RA onset or the RA onset possibility by using the mutations thereof, an evaluation kit therefor, and a therapeutic method and remedies for RA.

Abstract: The present invention provides assays for detecting the presence of the PV-BNGT04(RT73) canola event based on the DNA sequence of the recombinant construct inserted into the canola genome and of genomic sequences flanking the insertion site.

Abstract: A method of providing a prognosis of breast cancer is conducted by analyzing the expression of a group of genes. Gene expresson profiles in a variety of medium such as microarrays are included as are kits that contain them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for assessing the risk of a patient for developing a potentially fatal cardiac dysrhythmia and for diagnosing Andersen's Syndrome. A tissue sample from a patient is obtained and the DNA or proteins of the sample isolated. From the DNA and protein isolates the sequence of the KCNJ2 gene or the Kir2.1 polypeptide can be obtained. The KCNJ2 gene or the Kir2.1 can be screened for alteration as compared to the wile-type sequence. An alteration in a copy of the KCNJ2 gene or a Kir2.1 polypeptide indicates that the patient has a high risk for developing a cardiac dysrhythmia and can be diagnosed with Andersen's Syndrome. The invention also related to isolated nucleic acid molecules with one or more alterations as compared to the wild-type sequence.

Abstract: Methods are provided for separating linear nucleic acid fragments based on their conformation. The methods are based on novel two-dimensional gel electrophoresis techniques. In one aspect the method comprises electrophoresing a sample of nucleic acids in a first dimension said sample through a gel matrix under a first set of pre-determined electrophoresis conditions; electrophoresing said gel matrix in a second dimension under a second set of electrophoresis conditions, such that linear nucleic acid fragments of equal length but having different conformation are separated; said first and second electrophoresis conditions are different, such that in one of said dimensions electrophoresis allows separation of linear nucleic acid fragments based on conformation and length, and in the other of said dimensions electrophoresis allows separation of the sample fragments based substantially on length.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the discovery of genetic polymorphisms that are associated with coronary stenosis. In particular, the present invention relates to nucleic acid molecules containing the polymorphisms, variant proteins encoded by such nucleic acid molecules, reagents for detecting the polymorphic nucleic acid molecules and proteins, and methods of using the nucleic acid and proteins as well as methods of using reagents for their detection.

Abstract: The instant invention describes a method for detecting protein-protein interactions in living organisms and/or cells, said method comprising: (a) synthesizing probe protein fragments from a protein which enables fluorescent or luminescent detection by dissecting the gene coding for the fluorescent or luminescent protein into a least two fragments; (2) constructing fusion proteins consisting of the probe protein fragments linked to protein domains that are to be tested for interactions; (3) coexpressing the fusion proteins; and (d) detecting reconstitution of the fluorescence or luminescence signal.

Abstract: A probe set is described that includes a first probe having a target-binding substance and a base sequence X1, a second probe having a base sequence X2c and a base sequence X1c hybridizable with the base sequence X1, and a third probe having a base sequence X2 hybridizable with the base sequence X2c. A method for detecting a target substance is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for detecting a change in chromosomal structure. These methods employ labeled probes that bind nucleic acids. For example, these probes may be comprised of nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogs and a detectable label.

Abstract: The present invention relates to means for the detection and characterization of nucleic acid sequences, as well as variations in nucleic acid sequences. The present invention also relates to methods for forming a nucleic acid cleavage structure on a target sequence and cleaving the nucleic acid cleavage structure in a site-specific manner. The structure-specific nuclease activity of a variety of enzymes is used to cleave the target-dependent cleavage structure, thereby indicating the presence of specific nucleic acid sequences or specific variations thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions and methods for genetic testing of an organism and for correlating the results of the genetic testing with a unique marker that unambiguously identifies the organism. The markers may be internal markers, such as for example single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), short tandem repeats (STRs), or other sites within a genomic locus. Alternatively, the markers may be external, such that they are separately added to the genetic sample before testing.

Abstract: A method for the isolation and purification of a cancer recognition (CARE) antigen about 66,000 Dalton molecular weight with a pH between 4.5 and 6.5, and detection of antibodies to this CARE antigen (CARE antibody). The CARE antigen and CARE antibody are cancer markers for a broad range of cancers and can be detected in fluids or tissues of cancer patients with simple ELISA assays. The combined use of these assays for both the CARE antigen and the CARE antibody provide improved sensitivity and selectivity for cancer detection compared to assaying for the antigen or antibody alone. The CARE antigen and antibodies to this antigen have therapeutic usefulness.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a nucleic acid molecule which encodes a protein associated with the modulation of obesity, diabetes and metabolic energy levels. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a nucleic and a recombinant and purified naturally occurring protein encoded thereby and their uses in therapeutic and diagnostic protocols for conditions such as obesity, diabetes and energy imbalance. The subject nucleic acid molecule and protein and their derivatives, homologues, analogues and mimetics are proposed as therapeutic and diagnostic agents for obesity, diabetes and energy imbalance.

Abstract: The invention is directed to diagnostic and monitoring methods (assays) for cancer and kits that may be used in such methods. More particularly, an aspect of the invention relates to the use of activated Stat5 for diagnosing and monitoring breast cancer and predicting the effectiveness of cancer treatment. The invention also relates to the use of screening assays for discovering compounds that effect levels of activated Stat5.

Abstract: A novel gene PGC-3, and its role in regulating the transcriptional activity of PPAR? in adipose tissue. PGC-3 is highly expressed in human white adipose tissue and has utility in the development of new therapeutic agents for use in the treatment of obesity and other related disorders such as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance syndrome, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to in vivo and in vitro methods, agents and compound screening assays for inhibiting extra-cellular matrix degradation, including joint degenerative inhibiting and/or anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical compositions, and the use thereof in treating and/or preventing a disease involving extra-cellular matrix degradation in a subject.

Abstract: A method for collecting a microbiological substance utilizes a micro fabricated biochip having a collection chamber. A fluid sample containing a microbiological entity of interest is delivered to the collection chamber in the biochip. Then a non-uniform electric field is generated in the collection chamber, to retain the microbiological entity of interest in the collection chamber. The microbiological entity is retained through dielectrophoresis induced by the energization of the electrodes by a periodically applied, alternating current.

Abstract: A method for identifying a molecule that binds an irradiated tumor in a subject and molecules identified thereby. The method includes the steps of: (a) exposing a tumor to ionizing radiation; (b) administering to a subject a library of diverse molecules; and (c) isolating from the tumor one or more molecules of the library of diverse molecules, whereby a molecule that binds an irradiated tumor is identified. Also provided are therapeutic and diagnostic methods using targeting ligands that bind an irradiated tumor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the early diagnosis of carcinomas and their preliminary stages, which comprises determining the overexpression of a cell cycle regulatory protein in a solubilized body sample. The present invention is particularly directed to a method for detecting cervical carcinomas, cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, or cervical carcinomas in-situ from a solubilized cervical body sample of a human subject, by solubilizing the cervical body sample in a lysis buffer, and determining the overexpression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p16 in the solubilized cervical sample. The invention also concerns a test kit usable for this purpose as well as an in-vitro diagnostic device.

Abstract: The disclosed nucleic acid primer sets, used in combination with quantitative amplification (PCR) of tissue cDNA, can indicate the presence of specific proteases in a tissue sample. The detected proteases are themselves specifically overexpressed in certain cancers, and their presence may serve for early detection of associated ovarian and other malignancies, and for the design of interactive therapies for cancer treatment.

Abstract: An assay is disclosed for measuring activity of enzymes, such as kinases, phosphatases, and proteases. Measurements of enzymatic activity are accomplished in a homogenous assay format utilizing a fluorescence quenching technique employing paramagnetic metal ions.

Abstract: Compositions and reaction kits are provided for controlling an enzymatic process. The compositions and kits include a substantially water-insoluble, water-permeable polymer and a poorly water-soluble salt of an essential ionic enzymatic reactant. The disclosed compositions and methods are particularly useful for improving the specificity and performance of PCR.

Abstract: A lanthanide is combined with a medium to be tested for endospores. The dipicolinic acid released from the endospores binds the lanthanides, which have distinctive emission (i.e., luminescence) spectra, and are detected using photoluminescence. The concentration of spores is determined by preparing a calibration curve generated from photoluminescence spectra of lanthanide complex mixed with spores of a known concentration. A lanthanide complex is used as the analysis reagent, and is comprised of lanthanide ions bound to multidentate ligands that increase the dipicolinic acid binding constant through a cooperative binding effect with respect to lanthanide chloride. The resulting combined effect of increasing the binding constant and eliminating coordinated water and multiple equilibria increase the sensitivity of the endospore assay by an estimated three to four orders of magnitude over prior art of endospore detection based on lanthanide luminescence.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel methods for making and refolding insoluble or aggregated proteins having free cysteines in which a host cell expressing the protein is exposed to a cysteine blocking agent. The soluble, refolded proteins produced by the novel methods can then be modified to increase their effectiveness. Such modifications include attaching a PEG moiety to form PEGylated proteins.

Abstract: The invention relates to alleles of the glk gene from coryneform bacteria coding for glucokinases, and to processes for the production of L-lysine by fermentation using bacteria containing such alleles.

Abstract: A bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia which has an ability to produce L-lysine or L-threonine and which is modified so that a malic enzyme does not function normally in a cell, and a method for producing L-lysine or L-threonine, comprising culturing the bacterium in a medium to produce and cause accumulation of L-lysine or L-threonine, and collecting the L-lysine or L-threonine from the medium.

Abstract: A porous solid ion exchange wafer having a combination of a biomolecule capture-resin and an ion-exchange resin forming a charged capture resin within said wafer. Also disclosed is a porous solid ion exchange wafer having a combination of a biomolecule capture-resin and an ion-exchange resin forming a charged capture resin within said wafer containing a biomolecule with a tag. A separate bioreactor is also disclosed incorporating the wafer described above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polypeptides having alpha-amylase activity and polynucleotides having a nucleotide sequence which encodes for the polypeptides. The invention also relates to a polypeptide having carbohydrate-binding affinity and polynucleotides having a nucleotide sequence which encodes for the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the nucleic acid constructs as well as methods for producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a variant of a parent Termamyl-like alpha-amylase, which variant exhibits altered properties, in particular reduced capability of cleaving a substrate close to the branching point, and improved substrate specificity and/or improved specific activity relative to the parent alpha-amylase.

Abstract: Novel enzyme variants including protease variants derived from the DNA sequences of naturally-occurring or re-combinant non-human proteases are disclosed. The variant proteases, in general, are obtained by in vitro modification of a precursor DNA sequence encoding the naturally-occurring or recombinant protease to generate the substitution of a plurality of amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence of a precursor protease. Such variant proteases have properties which are different from those of the precursor protease, such as altered wash performance. The substituted amino acid residue correspond to positions 27, 45, 170, 181, 251 and 271 of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin. Additional variants comprising at least one additional substitution at a position selected from 1, 14, 49, 61, 87, 100, 102, 118, 128, 204 and 258 of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin are also described.

Abstract: Methods for identifying compounds that are inhibitors of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis are disclosed. Such compounds can be used as lead compounds in methods for preparing antibacterial agents for treating bacterial infections (e.g., in humans, animals, and plants). Inhibitors of bacterial fatty acid synthesis can also be tested for their ability to inhibit synthesis of acylated homoserine lactones. Compounds that inhibit synthesis of acylated homoserine lactones can be used as inhibitors of bacterial virulence. The disclosed methods allow for high throughput screening of libraries of test compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides nucleotide sequences of the gpm gene which encode phosphoglycerate mutase, and fermentation processes for the preparation of amino acids, especially L-lysine, using corynebacteria wherein the gpm gene is amplified.

Abstract: An electroporation device having a signal generating circuit (3) connectable at the output to electrodes (5) fittable to a substrate (35) having cells. The electrodes (5) produce an electric field which induces permeabilization of the cell membranes to facilitate introduction of substances into the cells. The amplitude of the signal (12) applied to the electrodes is closed-loop controlled on the basis of the impedance (Z(?)) of the substrate, so as to regulate the amplitude of the signal following a reduction in impedance caused by permeabilization of the cell membranes.

Abstract: A simple and convenient sensor and measuring apparatus utilizing the optical interference effect of an optical thin film capable of measuring the binding between biochemical substances at a high throughput and having alkali resistance. An optical thin film of silicon nitride is disposed on the first surface and the rear surface of a silicon substrate, and the thickness of the silicon nitride film is modified in a direction parallel to the film. A portion of the thin film with increased thickness is used as a sensor upon which a probe is disposed, and over which a sample-containing solution is caused to flow. The binding between the probe and biochemical sample is detected based upon the change of the intensity of reflected light.

Abstract: The invention herein provides for the detection of certain calcium containing endospores, and particularly pertains to the detection of bacillus anthracis by first chelating calcium ions of said endospores and then reacting the chelated calcium ions with aequorin to generate a light pulse which can then be detected by a standard liquid scintillation spectrometer.

Abstract: The invention relates to new keratinocytes which may be cultured in vitro and the advantageous use thereof for preparing a product which can be used to treat acute and chronic wounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fusion protein which delivers a functional protein or peptide into a cell at enhanced efficiency. The fusion protein of the present invention is a transduction domain-target protein-transduction domain fusion protein, wherein the transduction domain, which comprises 6-12 amino acid residues whose more than ¾ consist of arginine or lysine residues, is covalently bonded to each of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends of the target protein. Green fluorescence protein and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutate (SOD) are used as the target protein.

Abstract: The application identifies fragments of alpha-synuclein in patients with Lewy Body Disease (LBD) and transgenic animal models thereof. These diseases are characterized by aggregations of alpha-synuclein. The fragments have a truncated C-terminus relative to full-length alpha-synuclein. Some fragments are characterized by a molecular weight of about 12 kDa as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis in tricine buffer and a truncation of at least ten contiguous amino acids from the C-terminus of natural alpha-synuclein. The site of cleavage preferably occurs after residue 117 and before residue 126 of natural alpha-synuclein. The identification of these novel fragments of alpha-synuclein has a number of application in for example, drug discovery, diagnostics, therapeutics, and transgenic animals.