Abstract: A current limiting driver circuit for a semiconductor power switch and a switching device including same. The driver circuit includes a sensing circuit for providing a signal representing the current flowing through the semiconductor power switch, a driver circuit for the power switch, a driver circuit for the sensing circuit, and a comparator circuit having a first input provided by an output of the sensing circuit, a second input provided by a reference signal, and an output provided as a signal input for the first and second driver circuits. A first charge pump provides the supply voltage for the driver circuits, and a second charge pump provides the supply voltage for the comparator, which is higher than the supply voltage for the power switch and the sensing circuit, so that the first and second driver circuits limit the current through the power switch and the sensing circuit even when the output of the sensing circuit approaches the value of the reference signal.

Abstract: The present invention describes a modulator including a differential amplifier connected to a reference voltage and a first transistor, and the first transistor is connected to a feedback device, and a second transistor is set between the first transistor and the differential amplifier and connected to a voltage detector and a diode, and the diode is connected to a power supply, and the voltage detector keeps on detecting an output voltage (VOUT) between the feedback device and the first transistor. If the output voltage (VOUT) value is lower than a predetermined voltage value of the power supply, the voltage detector will issue a signal to drive the second transistor and limit a gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor within a voltage difference of the diode, so as to reduce the impetus of the first transistor and avoid the phenomenon of a sudden climb with an excessively large output voltage (VOUT).

Abstract: An internal voltage generation circuit of a semiconductor device is disclosed. The internal voltage generation circuit comprises a reference voltage generator for generating a reference voltage having different levels depending on different operation modes of the semiconductor device, an active voltage generator for generating an active internal voltage of a level based on the reference voltage, a standby voltage generator for generating a standby internal voltage of a level based on the reference voltage, and an active voltage generation controller for controlling the active voltage generator such that the active voltage generator outputs the active internal voltage in a specific period after completion of a self-refresh mode.

Abstract: A power amplifying apparatus has: a signal converting section (20) which converts an input signal of an orthogonal coordinate system to an amplitude signal and phase signal of a polar coordinate system, which then converts the phase signal to an orthogonal-coordinate phase signal of the orthogonal coordinate system, and which outputs the amplitude signal and the orthogonal-coordinate phase signal; a modulating section (30) which performs orthogonal modulation on the orthogonal-coordinate phase signal, and which outputs the modulated signal to a nonlinear power amplifier (2); and a correcting section (40) which outputs a gain control signal for the nonlinear power amplifier (2). The correcting section (40) has a correction LUT which is produced on the basis of an output signal of the nonlinear power amplifier (2) and the input signal of the orthogonal coordinate system, and outputs the gain control signal with reference to the correction LUT on the basis of the amplitude signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for controlling an amplification within a receiver. The gain of a variable gain amplifier which amplifies an input signal to obtain a gain-controlled signal is set. Said gain controlled signal is analog-to-digital converted. Thereby digital words are generated. Each digital word has a value out of a plurality of possible digital values. Digital words having a value within a first and a second subset of the possible digital values are counted in order to generate a first and a second counter value. The gain is set in accordance with the first and second counter values in a fashion that all counter values are as equal as possible. Furthermore, this invention is related to a circuit to be used within a receiver for adjusting the gain of a variable gain amplifier in order to ensure a proper analog-to-digital conversion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an amplifier circuit having improved linearity and frequency band using a MGTR. The amplifier circuit comprises an amplification unit including a main transistor and an auxiliary transistor, an attenuation unit including inductors respectively connected to the source of the main transistor and the source of the auxiliary transistor, a capacitor connected at one end thereof to the sources of the main transistor and auxiliary transistor and connected at the other end thereof to the gates of the main transistor and auxiliary transistor, and an output unit connected to the drains of the main transistor and auxiliary transistor.

Abstract: In a signal determining apparatus including an amplifier circuit adapted to receive and amplify an input signal to generate an output voltage, and a comparator adapted to compare the output voltage of the amplifier circuit with a reference voltage to generate an output signal, the amplifier circuit has variable response speed characteristics so that a response speed of the amplifier circuit is controlled during its amplifying operation.

Abstract: A local oscillator without a frequency divider is provided. The local oscillator includes a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator generating I and Q signals having a frequency which is one-third of a local oscillation frequency, and a differential second-harmonic signal having a frequency which is two-thirds of the local oscillation frequency, a poly-phase filter converting the differential second-harmonic signal input from the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator into I and Q signals, and a single side band (SSB) mixer receiving the I and Q signals having the frequency which is one-third of the local oscillation frequency from the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator as an input and receiving the I and Q signals having the frequency which is two-thirds of the local oscillation frequency from the poly-phase filter as an input, and outputting the I and Q signals having the local oscillation frequency.

Abstract: A method and programmable oscillator model are provided for implementing high frequency clock generation for a simulation environment. The programmable oscillator model includes an internal ring oscillator for generating a high frequency clock. The internal ring oscillator counts a number of clocks and determines when to switch the reference clock. For example, a clock edge time is recorded as a two-byte field, where a high byte records a programmable number of fast clocks per clock edge, and a low byte records a fraction of a clock edge. Each time the reference clock switches a count down counter is loaded with the high byte, and the low byte is added to the current fraction. If the fraction has a carry, an additional fast clock is added to the count down counter.

Abstract: A method and circuit arrangement is provided for load modulation in a receiving oscillator circuit, which can be mutually coupled with a transmitting oscillator circuit, having at least one inductance, at least one capacitance, and at least one controllable impedance. The controllable impedance can have at least one depletion layer element and at least one ohmic resistance.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element includes permanent magnets, a ferrite having center electrodes, a circuit substrate on which the permanent magnets and the ferrite are disposed, and an annular yoke. The circuit substrate has substantially rectangular surfaces. The permanent magnets and the ferrite are disposed on a front surface of the circuit substrate. The permanent magnets and the ferrite have principal surfaces that are disposed facing each other and are substantially perpendicular to the front surface of the circuit substrate. The permanent magnets and the ferrite have longitudinal sides that are substantially parallel to longitudinal edges of the circuit substrate.

Abstract: A multilayer 180 degree hybrid coupler comprises a cascaded pair of quarter wavelength directional couplers, one of the connections between the directional couplers being made by direct connection and the other connection being made indirectly via a length of transmission line that introduces a 180 degree phase shift at the operating frequency of the hybrid coupler. Each directional coupler comprises a pair of broadside coupled conductive tracks on opposite sides of a dielectric layer and the length of transmission line comprises a further conductive track on at least one side of the dielectric layer. Both the direct connection and the connection via the length of transmission line extend through the dielectric layer at respective via holes so that the hybrid coupler has two input ports on one side of the dielectric layer and two output ports on the other side of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a resonator filter structure (10) for radio frequency (RF) filters, especially a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filter structure. According to the invention, a resonator filter structure (10) is constructed with a BAW lattice filter section (20), in which all of the BAW resonator elements (20-1, 20-2, 20-3, 20-4) within the BAW lattice filter section (20) have substantially equal resonance frequencies. According to the invention, there are parallel capacitances (30-1, 30-2) connected in parallel to the BAW resonators (20-2, 20-3) of one branch type of the BAW lattice filter section (20). Thus, anti-resonance frequency of the respective BAW resonator (20-2, 20-3) is tuned. That results in a very narrow passband which corresponds approximately to the difference in anti-resonance frequencies between diagonal and horizontal branches of the lattice filter section (20). The parallel capacitances (30-1, 30-2) are used to tune the bandwidth: the smaller the capacitance, the smaller the bandwidth.

Abstract: There are many inventions described and illustrated herein, as well as many aspects and embodiments of those inventions. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a resonator architecture including a plurality of in-plane vibration microelectromechanical resonators (for example, 2 or 4 resonators) that are mechanically coupled to provide, for example, a differential signal output. In one embodiment, the present invention includes four commonly shaped microelectromechanical tuning fork resonators (for example, tuning fork resonators having two or more rectangular-shaped or square-shaped tines). Each resonator is mechanically coupled to another resonator of the architecture. For example, each resonator of the architecture is mechanically coupled to another one of the resonators on one side or a corner of one of the sides. In this way, all of the resonators, when induced, vibrate at the same frequency.

Abstract: An auxiliary switch terminal housing is provided for a telecommunication system circuit breaker including an enclosure, separable contacts inside the enclosure, line and load terminals in electrical communication with the separable contacts, an operating mechanism for opening and closing the separable contacts, and an auxiliary switch which is actuated by the operating mechanism. The auxiliary switch includes outputs and conductors electrically interconnected with the outputs. The terminal housing includes a first portion coupled to the enclosure of the circuit breaker proximate the line and load terminals, a second portion distal from the first portion, a plurality of terminals inside the second portion and electrically interconnected with the conductors and the outputs of the auxiliary switch, and a fastening mechanism, such as a pair of screws or rivets, fastening the terminal housing to the circuit breaker enclosure. An electrical switching apparatus employing a terminal housing is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an electromagnetically conductive assembly including a first member having a first end and a second end and a second member disposed between the first end and the second end of the first member. The second member and the first end of the first member define a first gap. The second member and the second end of the first member define a second gap. A movable member moves with respect to the conductive member. A first magnet is coupled to the movable member and is disposed a distance from the first gap. A second magnet is coupled to the movable member and is disposed a distance from the second gap.

Abstract: An improve material holding device using magnetic force of variable strength comprising: an electromagnet mounted to a universal bracket adapted to mount to a vertical or horizontal surface, or a vise using the vise bar integrally attached to the underside of the magnet, a safety foot switch and timer, and control means to vary the force of said electromagnet. User can now safely free his hands from work pieces and speedily reposition said work piece.

Abstract: An impact and vibration-resistant noise filter avoiding cracking of a core at the time of application of a vibration or impact. The noise filter includes a case and core. The case has a first case portion having a first wall portion, a second wall portion, and a first bottom wall portion. The first and second wall portions have first and second parting surfaces, respectively on the end surfaces thereof. The first bottom wall portion is positioned between the first and second wall portions. A first supporting piece 31B, whose base end is positioned on the side of the first bottom wall portion and whose free end extends toward the first parting surface, is formed on the first wall portion. Similarly, a second supporting piece is formed in the second wall portion. First and second presser pieces are formed respectively on the first and second bottom wall portions. The core is resiliently retained by the first and second supporting pieces, and first and the second presser pieces.

Abstract: A new method and structure is provided for the creation of a semiconductor inductor. Under the first embodiment of the invention, a semiconductor substrate is provided with a scribe line in a passive surface region and active circuits surrounding the passive region. At least one bond pad is created on the passive surface of the substrate close to and on each side of the scribe line. A layer of insulation is deposited, a layer of dielectric is deposited over the layer of insulation, at least one bond pad is provided on the surface of the layer of dielectric on each side of the scribe line. At least one inductor is created on each side of the scribe line on the surface of the layer of dielectric. A layer of passivation is deposited over the layer of dielectric. The substrate is attached to a glass panel by interfacing the surface of the layer of passivation with the glass panel. The substrate is sawed from the backside of the substrate in alignment with the scribe line.

Abstract: A comprehensive vehicle anti-theft and alarm system that immediately notifies a vehicle owner when a vehicle is being tampered with. Notification is accomplished via wireless signal to the owners' cell phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), laptop or desktop computer, or other electronic device, or to the police. The signal can be used to provide an audible, inaudible (e.g., vibratory), or visual alert, depending upon the mode the owner has chosen. In addition, the system transmits a photograph or image of the person tampering with the vehicle. The transmitted image(s) may be periodically refreshed. In alternate embodiments of the system, realtime streaming video may be transmitted. The anti-theft system typically includes a GPS receiver that tracks the movements of the vehicle in the event it is actually stolen. Finally, the system includes a communications link that allows the owner to speak directly to the unauthorized occupant of the vehicle.

Abstract: A system for providing directed advertising or informational messages specific to individual persons or vehicles. The system encompasses a sensing and evaluation mechanism to detect persons or vehicles, in conjunction with a billboard or other display device capable of delivering a message specific to one or more individuals.

Abstract: A system for the monitoring and wireless signaling of a pressure or a change of pressure in pneumatic tires on vehicles, comprising wheel electronics that are disposed inside the pneumatic tire and are provided with a battery as a power source, with a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure or the change of pressure, with a RF-transmitter for transmitting a signal derived from the signal of the pressure sensor, and with a (first) receiver for receiving wireless interrogation signals and/or control signals, a (second) receiver which is arranged in or on the vehicle and which receives the signal derived from the signal of the pressure sensor, a device for signaling to the driver information relating to the pressure or change of pressure, and transmitters for emitting interrogation signals and/or control signals, the transmitters being disposed, respectively, individually near each running wheel and having a transmission frequency of less than 1 MHz.

Abstract: A signal receiving apparatus includes a receiving circuit board having a signal receiving circuit formed on one side of an insulating substrate, a wide conductive pattern formed on the other side of the insulating substrate that faces a forming position of the signal receiving circuit, and a printed radiating conductor formed on the other side of the insulating substrate deviated from a position that faces the forming position of the signal receiving circuit. In the signal receiving apparatus, an input stage of the signal receiving circuit, an output stage of the printed radiating conductor, and the wide conductive pattern are conductively connected on the receiving circuit board, and received signals are supplied to the signal receiving circuit, by using the printed radiating conductor and the wide conductive pattern as an antenna, through a conductive connection point thereof.

Abstract: A child seat occupant warning system for an auto, comprising a sensor detecting the connection of the removable seat to the seat base, further comprising a central processing unit that communicates with a sensor in the driver seat of the auto, a vibration sensor sensing engine operation of the auto, a GPS transmitter with delay, and a low battery warning mechanism, whereby engine cessation, driver absence and seat base connection to child seat triggers an audio alarm to remind a driver to remove the child from the vehicle, the system reset by removing the child seat from the base.

Abstract: The present invention provides a distributed motion prediction network including a plurality of nodes. The nodes in the network comprise a mechanism for detecting the presence of an object in an area around a node. A node that detects an object is termed a “detecting node.” After a node has detected an object, it communicates a signal to local nodes that are local with the detecting node to inform the local nodes of the presence of the object in the area around the detecting node. After the local nodes receive the signal, they further propagate the signal to other nodes (local to the local nodes) so that information regarding the presence of the object is progressively propagated to nodes away from the detecting node and so that as the object moves, the propagated signal is used to predict a direction of travel of the object.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a transmission signal generation section 1, a transmission signal control section 2, a transmission section 3, a leakage electric power detection section 4, and an electric power control judgment section 5. The transmission signal generation section 1 generates a transmission signal for carrying out transmission using a plurality of sub-carriers, under control of the transmission signal control section 2, and has a transmission electric power control function with respect to each sub-carrier. The leakage electric power detection section 4 detects electric power which is leaked from a transmission line 9 among transmission electric power.

Abstract: The invention relates to method for operating two or more mobile terminals in an interactive session. The mobile terminals are provided with one or more sensors. The data captured by the sensors is send via a wireless connection to the other mobile terminals that participate in the interactive session. The data received from the other mobile communication terminals is communicated to the user of the respective mobile communication terminals via the user interface.

Abstract: A system that monitors various conditions of a plurality of hospital beds located in different rooms of a healthcare facility is provided. Alternatively or additionally, other types of equipment may be monitored by the system. Various configurations of network interface units that are coupleable to or integrated into a hospital bed are also disclosed. The system receives data from the hospital beds and/or other equipment and initiates a communication to a wireless communication device of at least one designated caregiver in response to the received data being indicative of an alarm condition.

Abstract: A system for locating a position marker includes a locating device for locating the position marker, and a GPS device communicatively coupled to the locating device that provides GPS coordinate data when the position marker is located by the locating device. Electronic memory is provided in at least one of the locating device and the GPS device for storing a data record associating the GPS coordinate data with the located position marker.

Abstract: An image processor, having a control panel with a display function and performing device operation and external access using the control panel, includes a control panel operating status judgment unit which judges whether the operating status of the control panel is a device operation status or an external access status, an abnormality detection unit which detects the abnormality of the device, a reporting mode select unit which selects a reporting mode of a device abnormality when the device abnormality is detected by the abnormality detection unit, according to the operating status of the control panel judged by the control panel operating status judgment unit and the type of device abnormality detected by the abnormality detection unit, and a reporting unit which reports the device abnormality detected by the abnormality detection unit in the reporting mode selected by the reporting mode select unit.

Abstract: Occupancy sensors are provided that do not require an external power source in order to operate. The sensors operate with a low voltage non-rechargeable battery and are fully functional for at least about 15-20 years. The sensors include a relay output capable of switching high or low voltage and high or low current with virtually no generated heat. The sensors require no warm-up period, no minimum load, and no external ground connection. The sensors are always active and are easily installed, having two electrically interchangeable outputs for coupling to, for example, a load and a load power source.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus executes data processing with respect to an output of A/D conversion of an input signal. The data processing apparatus includes a high-frequency noise recognition unit. The high-frequency noise recognition unit detects number of peaks of waveforms of the input signal on a basis of the output of the A/D conversion. The high-frequency noise recognition unit determines whether or not the number of the peaks, which has been detected within a predetermined time, is equal to or larger than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A device of automated closure, and of locking, comprising a mobile closure or locking element (2), an actuator (3) electrically controllable for the motion of the element, a sensor (4), a programming and control device, the program of which comprises at least a mode of delayed action and a unit of transition to that delayed action mode, wherein, when placed in the delayed action mode, the programming and control device delivers a complete closure instruction only on activation of a sensor.

Abstract: A glass breakage detector (100) having an acoustic transducer (102) for sensing first acoustic waves (130) and for providing a first analog signal (110) representative of the received first acoustic waves (130), an analog to digital converter circuit (104) adapted to convert the first analog signal (110) to a digital signal (112), processing circuitry (106) adapted to process the digital signal (112) to determine if the received first acoustic waves (130) are a result of glass breakage and generate an alarm signal (116) when it is determined that the received first acoustic waves (130) are a result of glass breakage, and a memory circuit (108), wherein the processing circuitry (106) is adapted to cause the memory circuit (108) to store the digital signal (112) for subsequent retrieval and analysis.

Abstract: A radio-frequency identification (RFID) system including an RFID tag and an RFID-enabled object. The RFID tag may include first and second antennas and an RFID circuit. The antennas receive activation energy from a reader. The tag may also include a transmission line for operatively coupling the RFID circuit to the antennas. The first antenna may receive activation energy which, in turn, may be radiated by the second antenna. The second antenna may also receive tag energy radiated by an antenna of another RFID tag. The received tag energy may then be radiated by the first antenna. When a plurality of the RFID tags are positioned in sequence in operative proximity with each other, activation energy may be propagated through the sequence from one RFID tag to another in one direction, and tag energy may be propagated through the sequence from one RFID tag to another in another direction.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to automatically configure a remote control for use with different devices are described.

Abstract: An asset monitoring and security system includes at least one asset and at least one user identification device assigned a unique identifier and operable to transmit an identification signal embodying the identifier over a wireless communications link. A data store maintains lists of the assets, users authorized to use the assets, and privileges associated with the assets for each of the authorized users. A control unit is adapted to receive identification signals from the assets and user identification devices and monitor positions of the assets and user identification devices within a defined area based on the identification signals. The control unit communicates with the data store and is further operable to initiate an alarm event when privileges associated with a given authorized user for a given asset are exceeded. Each of the assets includes a lock-out mechanism that impedes use of the asset when the lock-out mechanism is activated.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) system having the capacity to detect various geometric parameters of alignment. The described system is configured for use with dental x-ray, medical imaging and treatment, and customary and digital radiography apparatus, but is not restricted to such apparatus or applications. The system may include a multiplicity of RF transponders, RF tags, and RF readers, wherein each RF tag may include one or more carrier receive/data transmit coils and wherein each RF reader may include one or more carrier transmit/data receive coils, and wherein each coil of an RF tag or RF reader may resonate at one or more, and/or, at the same or differing frequencies. An RF tag located about an x-ray sensitive film or device, and an RF reader located about a dental x-ray machine or apparatus, are configured to be critically aligned, one to the other, rendering repeat imaging unnecessary.

Abstract: An RFID monitoring arrangement comprises a first RFID device and a second RFID device for monitoring the first RFID device. The first RFID device transmits at least two messages each including unique identifying information and a power level code, wherein the transmitter power level corresponds to the power level represented by the power level code in each transmitted message. The second RFID device receives messages transmitted by the first RFID device and processes the identifying information and the power level code to provide an indication of a condition. Messages received from said first RFID device, the indication of a condition, or both the messages received from said first RFID device and the indication of a condition, may be relayed to a remote location.

Abstract: An RFID reader system for tracking and locating RFID tags is described, along with an antenna suitable for use in this system, and an antenna configuration apparatus for use in this system. The system offers an antenna configuration that is cost-effective and easily reconfigurable, in which antennas with integral tuning components can be moved or replaced with antennas of a similar or different format. An end user is therefore able to easily reconfigure his or her platform in the field, in order to account for different products or different product orientations. Specific orientations of the reader antennae will furthermore increase system functionality by permitting multiple tag locations on the product.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the use of a hearing protection unit comprising a left ear hearing protection device (14) and a right ear hearing protection device (12) to be worn by a user (10) within a monitoring area, an arrangement (16, 18, 22, 1006, 2006) for wirelessly detecting the position of the left ear hearing protection device (14) and the position of the right ear hearing protection device (12) within the monitoring area, a device (22) for judging whether a predefined condition for the detected positions of the left ear hearing protection device and the right ear hearing protection device is fulfilled, and a device (22) for outputting a wearing compliance signal depending on whether the predefined condition is found to be fulfilled by the judging device or not.

Abstract: The instant invention is designed to detect when undue tension is placed on a belt or strap that is connected to a restraining vest, such undue pressure being indicative that a patient may be in trouble. It is preferable that, whatever sensor is used, it should be elastically resilient to return to its unstressed state after tension on the strap is removed. Additionally, it is preferable that the amount of force that is required in order to trigger an alarm be adjustable to accommodate patients of different weights. Finally, it is also preferable that the level of stress on the strap—and the duration over which it is applied—that is necessary to trigger an alarm be such that the patient cannot easily intentionally cause the device to sound an alarm.

Abstract: A radar level gauge system for determining the filling level of a filling material in a tank is disclosed. The system comprises a transmitter for transmitting measuring signals towards the surface of the filling material; a receiver for receiving echo signals from the tank; processing circuitry for determining the filling level of the tank based on said echo signal and adapted to compare said determined filling level with at least one preset threshold value and to produce an alarm signal in dependence of said threshold value; and a storage means for storing the preset threshold value, wherein said threshold value in said storage means is replaceable and/or adjustable. The alarm signal could indicate high level and/or overfill. The possibility of adjusting/replacing the threshold values enables adjustment of the alarm levels when the system is already installed. A corresponding method of operation is also disclosed.

Abstract: A combined doorbell and smoke detection device includes a housing that has monolithically formed sides. One side includes openings formed adjacent to the housing top corners for receiving fasteners therethrough. Nested within the housing are a door bell chime, a first control unit, a carbon monoxide smoke detector, and an ionization smoke detector. A second control unit is coupled to the carbon monoxide and ionization smoke detectors, and includes an amplifier. A power interrupt diverting switch is disposed within the housing and is mated to an external power source. An internal power supply source is nested within the housing and is coupled to the power interrupt diverting switch. A transformer is coupled to the power interrupt diverting switch, and the first and second control units for converting a first voltage level to a second voltage level transmitted to the first and second control units respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device and method for automatically reporting and determining the geographic location of potential carbon monoxide emergencies utilizing wireless E-911 location systems. The combination carbon monoxide and wireless E-911 location alarm in its main device embodiment comprises a self-contained carbon monoxide alarm interfaced with a cellular transceiver, which operates in existing wireless E-911 location systems. The cellular transceiver is a cellular processor with integrated memory for storing emergency identification data for automated carbon monoxide emergency incident reporting to 911 public safety answering point operators.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for permitting diagnostics in a PC is described. Signals, imperceptible to a user, are transmitted through the LED used to indicate on/off power status. A small hand-held device may be used for detecting and interpreting the signals and to provide a visual indication to the user of a particular problem.

Abstract: In a method for self-diagnosis of a system for seat occupancy detection, in particular for self-diagnosis of a HOBBIT system, a self-diagnosis signal that has been modulated in a predetermined manner is transmitted by the transmit unit to the receive unit of the base station and analyzed, preferably with the reflectors deactivated. From the analysis it is possible to make deductions about the operational integrity of the base station.

Abstract: A system serializes control signals within a safety control architecture wherein a safety serial interface at least one of receives and transmits signals from one or more processing components. A serialization component receives and serializes at least one data packet from the safety serial interface to control at least one of an input and an output associated with the safety control architecture. A safety related test circuit verifies input signals associated with the serialization component are not internally falsifying the state of the input signals. A heartbeat watchdog component verifies a true heartbeat bit in the at least one data packet is opposite a complement heartbeat bit in the at least one data packet within a predetermined time interval and shuts off power to at least one of an output and an input if such a condition is not met.

Abstract: A display unit for a refrigerator is provided. The display having a TV receiving function is installed at a front surface of a refrigerator door. A mounting panel with a plurality of speaker holes formed therein is also installed around an edge of the display. A speaker is mounted to a rear surface of the mounting panel on a portion where the speaker holes are formed. Further, a resonance box is installed to enclose the speaker such that low and middle frequency sound can be transmitted forward to the outside. A sound transmission tube that communicates with the speaker hole is forced at a front portion of the resonance box. In addition, a sound absorbing material is covered on an inner rear surface of the resonance box that faces the rear of the speaker. A display as configured has improved sound quality.

Abstract: An outdoor display includes a net formed of intersecting cables and a number of pixel display units disposed on the net at the intersection of a pair of cables. Each pixel unit includes a number of different colored LEDs. The LEDs of the pixel units forming the display are selectively activated to form a still image or moving video images. The net display can be attached to, supported by or between existing structures.