Abstract: A switchboard device and methods of operation of same are disclosed. Embodiments of the invention may provide a flexible means of interconnecting wideband and narrowband communications interfaces, where wideband communications interfaces may transfer low-band data and high-band data, and narrowband communication interfaces may transfer low-band data. Low-band data may be combined and sent to a narrowband communications interface or a wideband communications interface. High-band data may be combined and sent to a wideband communications interface. The low-band data may represent audio signals below a predetermined frequency, while the high-band data may represent audio signals above the predetermined frequency. The predetermined frequency may be, for example, approximately 4 kHz. The spectral mask of the low-band data may meet the spectral mask of G.712. Methods of operating embodiments of the present invention are included.

Abstract: A packet voice transceiver adapted to reside at a first end of a communication network and to send an ingress communication signal comprising voice packets to, and receive an egress communication signal comprising voice packets from, a second packet voice transceiver residing at a second end of the communication network. The packet voice transceiver includes a far-end echo canceller that reduces echo that is present in the egress communication signal. The far-end communicates with other functional components of the transceiver system and adapts its behavior based on the activity of the other functional components.

Abstract: A telecommunications system and method for increasing communications bandwidth for an Internet Service Provider (“ISP”) to accommodate temporary fluctuations in demand. The present invention utilizes an Advanced Intelligent Network (“AIN”) to re-direct calls from a subscriber to an ISP from the ISP's modem pools to a shared modem pool operated by a telephone service provider (“telco”) when the ISP needs additional bandwidth. The shared modem pool is controlled by an access server and a remote authentication dial-in user service server managed by the telco. The telco servers identify the identified ISP to receive the call by looking at the original number dialed by the caller. The telco servers then communicate with the proper ISP which determines whether or not the caller is a valid subscriber of the ISP.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for transporting digital audio-related signals over point-to-point, non-circuit-switched, non-packet-based, local area connections. In one example, multiple digital audio-related signals are combined as a time division multiplexed (TDM) serial bit stream. In addition to the one or more multiplexed digital audio-related signals, the TDM serial bit stream also may be encoded with other information that pertains to one or more of the digital audio-related signals being multiplexed (e.g., data rates of the signals, various data type or status information, timing or other synchronization information, etc.). In one aspect, the TDM serial bit stream is transmitted and received via conventional packet-based network physical layer transceivers (e.g., Ethernet transceivers) that are particularly configured and controlled to transmit and receive essentially continuous bit streams rather than data packets.

Abstract: An RFID system includes transponders transmitting or receiving packetized data in standard form in lieu of custom format for applications executable in a mobile device or network. Tag data may be packetized in any of several standard formats. Each format includes a layer to identify packet format. In one embodiment, a tag contains a standard UDP header with a checksum and payload data. The application opens a socket to listen to UDP connections. The device transmits a RF signal activating tags which transmit UDP packets to a RFID reader in the device. The packets are passed to an IP stack which strips away the UDP header and validity of the checksum verified. If verified, the device transmits the payload to an application running in the device or a network, otherwise, the IP stack notifies the tag the transmission failed and requests re-transmissions which are repeated until a successful transmission occurs.

Abstract: A system and method for routing calls from a time-division multiplexed (TDM) sets in an IP network to a geographically appropriate portion of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). A call is routed to an edge gateway in a geographic location corresponding to the geographic location of an IP media gateway to which the TDM set is connected. Each IP media gateway is associated with a geographic zone. Each geographic zone is also associated with at least one edge gateway. Accordingly, incoming calls are routed by the central call server based upon the geographic zone associated with the IP media gateway receiving the call, and are routed to an edge gateway associated with the identified geographic zone. The system and method may be applied to route emergency service access calls to an appropriate portion of the PSTN so that they arrive at a geographically appropriate public service answering point (PSAP).

Abstract: A method for disrupting unauthorized communications between at least two communication devices is provided. The method comprises using an address resolution protocol (ARP) to redirect transfer of data that occurs using unauthorized wireless communication between a first wireless device and a second wireless device. In a preferred embodiment, the method maintains a layer two wireless link while the data are being redirected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mobile data communications in general, and more specifically, the present invention describes a route optimization technique requiring no awareness of the Mobile IP protocol by a Correspondent Node when forwarding traffic using the shortest path between a Mobile Node and the Correspondent Node in a visiting domain. The invention describes the management of route entries, network address translations and firewall filters in order to provide a secure, yet, flexible deployment of Mobile IP route optimization. Specific considerations are described for the case of separate Foreign Agent and co-located care-of address respectively.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a universal integrated mobile gateway used in wireless communication networks to interconnect different networks, comprising: AMP for data collocation and state management for other modules, CCM for data switching network management (together with other modules) and control data frame switching between modules, CDP for storage and management of relay resource and global shared resources, SPCs for processing services in different networks, and network interface; CCM is connected with AMP, CDP, and SPCs through HDLC protocol; SPCs are connected to the network interface through TCP/IP protocol. The embodiments improve normalization and operability of network interconnection, facilitate unified settlement between different networks, and enhance overall resource utilization of the networks.

Abstract: A services processor includes an editing unit, which performs various functions for editing data packets, such as packet creation, packet encapsulation, and packet replication.

Abstract: A network communication device including port control circuitry for controlling packet flow between the ports of the device, where the port control circuitry includes a port manager that directs packets between the ports and port bonding circuitry that bonds two or more of the ports into a bonded port set. For each packet to be sent via the bonded port set, the port bonding circuitry selects one of the bonded ports for transmitting the packet. More than one bonded port set may be defined in a given communication device, and each bonded port set may include from two ports up to all the ports of the device, as long as each port is included in only one bonded port set. One or more port bonding registers are provided to identify which of the plurality of ports are bonded in each bonded port set. In one embodiment, the bonded ports are selected on a packet by packet basis so as to achieve a relatively even distribution of packets sent by each bonded port.

Abstract: Methods and arrangements for monitoring at least one interconnection between at least two nodes in a distributed network. At least one subscriber node is prompted to ascertain the integrity of an interconnection with at least one parent node.

Abstract: Methods and arrangements for facilitating subscription among at least two nodes in a distributed network, involving the designation of one of the nodes as a publisher node, the designation of one of the nodes as a subscriber node, and the recordation of a path between the subscriber node and the publisher node. The path includes at least one link between the subscriber node and the publisher node, and the recordation involves recording each distinct link in the path between the subscriber node and the publisher node.

Abstract: A routing/switching processing unit rewrites the inbound multicast address or the source address and the destination multicast address of the inbound flow identifier of a received packet and forwards the received packet to only output ports corresponding to a resulting outbound multicast address or flow identifier. A conversion table stores first multicast addresses or flow identifiers designated by transmission sources, second multicast addresses or flow identifiers to be used for forwarding to users data transmitted from the transmission sources, and signal port IDs of signal ports to which the users are connected. A multicast packet processing unit converts the first multicast address or flow identifier of a received multicast packet to a second multicast packet or flow identifier by referring to the conversion table, and forwards the address-converted packet to network interfaces having signal ports corresponding to the second multicast packet or flow identifier.

Abstract: A system and method for storing header information in parallel with corresponding frames of data, wherein the frames of data are stored in a first-in-first-out buffer and wherein the header information is accessed to make routing decisions for the frames of data while avoiding having to read the frames out of the buffer. In one embodiment, this buffer system is implemented in a port of a network switch. Receive logic in the port stores frames of data in the storage elements of a FIFO buffer and concurrently snoops on the frame data to obtain header information. The header information is stored in a buffer separate from the FIFO that stores the frames. The header information can be read from the header buffer rather than the frame buffer. A routing decision for each frame can be made before a previous frame is completely read out of the frame FIFO, hence before the corresponding frame is ready to be transmitted.

Abstract: The invention provides apparati and methods for processing a packet. The processing is done according to a table and context based scheme.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for packet forwarding within a switch controller. In addition to unicast and broadcast forwarding, the method and apparatus can also analyze and forward IP multicast packets without the need of a CPU and a separate multicast address table, thereby enabling IP multicasting for the switch controller. Wherein, specific packet parsing and updating rules are used to analyze IP multicast control packets, and a multicast router or an address table is updated based on the analyzing result. IP multicast packets is then forwarded according to the updated tables. Moreover, with an extra flag bit set in each address table entry, unicast and multicast forwarding can share the same address table.

Abstract: A media gateway control protocol (MGCP) proxy server interfaces between a plurality of MGCP gateways and at least one MGCP call agent which may be coupled to a private network and served by a network address translation firewall. The proxy server comprises a private network interface for communicating over a private network with the call agent and a public network interface for communicating over the Internet. A translation module provides for receiving an MGCP message generated by a gateway and addressed to the public network interface. The MGCP message includes a message transaction ID assigned by the gateway and an endpoint ID identifying the gateway. The endpoint ID comprises a local endpoint name and a domain.

Abstract: A method for sequencing delivery of information packets from a router having several processing elements to a receiving processing installation, wherein delivery of the packets must be completed in the order the packets arrive at the router. A linked list of packets is formed in the order they are received at the router, and each packet fragmented into successive fragments. Each fragment is processed at the router. The last fragment of each packet in each linked list is labeled with the sequence in which the packet was received, and enqueued in the order labeled for each last fragment on each linked list. Each fragment of each packet is delivered as processed, except the last fragment of each packet on its linked list to the receiving processor installation, and thereafter, transmitting the final fragment of each packet after processing only if that fragment is at the head of the queue.

Abstract: The invention relates, inter alia, to a method according to which a connection is alternately established via a telecommunications network (11) or the internet (34). A user (TlnB) can thus be reached better.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for scheduling transmissions from a plurality of services operating over a widely distributed communications network. A headend communications device (such as a cable modem termination system) arbitrates bandwidth among a plurality of cable modems configurable for bi-directional communications. The headend grants a bandwidth region to a specified cable modem or assigns contention regions for a group of cable modems. Each cable modem contains a local scheduler that sends requests for bandwidth according to local policies or rules. Upon receipt of a grant from the headend, the local scheduler selects packets to be transmitted to best serve the needs of the services associated with the cable modem. Accordingly, a service requesting bandwidth may not be the service utilizing the grant corresponding to bandwidth request. Nonetheless, the local scheduler manages bandwidth allocation among its local services such that all requesting services eventually receive bandwidth.

Abstract: A method for indicating the priority of a Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call includes receiving a dialed number for a connection, generating a call set up request including the dialed number, receiving a priority for the call based on user input provided contemporaneously with the dialed number, generating a priority indicator based on the priority, and transmitting the call setup request and priority indicator to a destination device.

Abstract: E-mail to which difference moving picture data is attached is transmitted from a mobile telephone for displaying difference moving pictures to a mail server. The mail server separates the difference moving picture data from the e-mail and transmits it to a moving picture converting server. The moving picture converting server converts the difference moving picture data to complete moving picture data and stores the complete moving picture data in a database. A URL link indicating the storage location in the database is generated by the mail server and transmitted to a mobile telephone for displaying complete moving pictures.

Abstract: Method and apparatus of separating packets. Specifically, a method of separating data packets in a memory buffer is disclosed. The method locates a memory buffer containing a pre-selected address at a buffer header of the memory buffer. A first data packet containing the buffer header is separated from a remaining part of the memory buffer. The first data packet is associated with a first packet length. The method then searches the remaining part of the memory buffer to locate a plurality of packet headers associated with a plurality of concatenated data packets. Each of the plurality of packet headers contains the pre-selected address. The method then separates the plurality of concatenated data packets, that is associated with a plurality of concatenated packet lengths, for processing.

Abstract: A telecommunications system for receiving from a telecommunications unit a request for data from a target network address may include a request completion unit configured to receive the request for data from the telecommunications unit and to transmit a request for the data to the target address. The request completion unit may be further configured, on receiving the data from the target address, to transmit the data to the telecommunications unit via the radio link. The request completion unit, if it is determined that the request to the target address is not satisfied, may be configured to attempt to establish communication with the target address, and, if it is determined that such communication is possible, transmit an indication via the radio link to the telecommunications unit.

Abstract: Network Address and Port Translators (NATs) have the potential to interrupt the end-to-end nature of Internet applications, thereby threatening end-to-end security and other end-to-end functions. Thus it is important to be able to discover the existence of NATs and their type. Accordingly there is provided a method of discovering the existence and type of NAT that involves instigating a test call between media endpoints on a Media Gateway (MG) and a Media Gateway Controller (MGC). The MGC is able to deduce the existence of a NAT by examining the media packets sent to its endpoint. If a NAT is determined to be present the MGC instructs the endpoint on the MG to send media packets to another endpoint on the MGC. By comparing the IP addresses and ports of the media packets received at the endpoints of the MGC, the MGC is able to deduce whether the type of NAT is Cone or Symmetric.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented for determining network nodes for aggregating addresses in routing information used for routing data packets over a network. Link data and reachability data are received. Link data indicates direct links between each of multiple candidate routers of a network and a different router or a network segment. Reachability data indicates a set of one or more contiguous network addresses that can be reached on each link described in the link data. A measure of possible aggregation of contiguous network addresses is determined at the candidate routers based on the link data and the reachability data. A preferred router to aggregate addresses in routing information sent between routers in the network is determined among the candidate routers based on the measure of possible aggregation at each candidate router.

Abstract: In a services processor, a queue operations unit controls the output of processed data packets from the services processor. In accordance with a hybrid list/calendar queue priority scheme, the queue operations unit uses a unique data structure comprising a tree of calendar arrays and queue lists to schedule the data packets for output.

Abstract: A method for assigning sending permissions in a telecommunications system and a telecommunications system comprising a unit (20) providing access to said system for at least one telecommunication terminal (40) and a control unit (11) for scheduling data transfer between said at least one telecommunication terminal and the telecommunications system, whereby the control unit (11) is located apart from the access providing unit (20) and whereby said data transfer takes place on at least one transmission channel and more than one telecommunication terminal is arranged to use the same transmission channel so that a telecommunication terminal is allowed to send on the transmission channel when a sending permission is assigned to said telecommunication terminal, whereby the access providing unit (20) is arranged to assign a sending permission to the telecommunication terminal.

Abstract: A communication system has a number of nodes connected to a serial data bus. Nodes communicate with each other by transmitting dominant and recessive bits during bit intervals as taught by the CAN (controller area network) arbitration protocol. According to the CAN arbitration protocol, any dominant bit transmitted during a bit interval causes the bit value received to be a dominant bit regardless of the number of recessive bits being sent. The system is arranged so that two or more nodes each respond to a report query message sent by one of the nodes, with a report message sent simultaneously by each of the nodes. The headers (leading bits) of each of the report messages sent by nodes responding to a report query message are the same, allowing arbitration on a trailing node data field. This results in the message having the numerically largest (or smallest) node data field value to survive arbitration.

Abstract: The present invention enables a data-driven, dynamic transaction manager capable of coordinating interworking between disparate networks. The transaction manager is preferably provided in a gateway connecting the disparate networks. The transaction manager may dynamically determine which tasks, messages, and interactions must be involved in the fulfillment of a transaction based on a variety of data-driven sources. The transaction manager is flexible and configurable rather than a rigid architecture requiring an application-specific configuration. With the present invention, the data driving the transaction manager may involve parameters from the incoming inquiry message, parameters in data from various sources associated with the contents of the incoming message, and parameters in the gateway's behavioral configuration data, as well as parameters received in response from activities involved directly in the transaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method and apparatus for obtaining a scalable and managed bandwidth for connections between asynchronous and synchronous hierarchy level in a telecommunication network, in which the bandwidth of the synchronous hierarchy level is rendered scalable by a variable number of connections in a link between two nodes, each of the connections being made by a synchronous frame of lower-order virtual containers only (e.g. VC12 at 2 Mb/s in SDH). The incoming data packets are singularly and independently arranged in the VCs of the various connections, ensuring their integrity. The number of connections to be used is variable and scalable, and controlled depending on the total incoming packet data rate, so as also to ensure the minimum of necessary granularity.

Abstract: A multi modal communications system for facilitating interpersonal conversational communications and messaging communications over a network structure. The multi modal communications system includes a portal system for transmitting and receiving communications between various communications modes, a first communications channel providing connectivity between a first user and the portal system, and a second communications channel providing connectivity between a second user and the portal system whereby the first user communicates with the second user through the portal system.

Abstract: A method and system for interworking between an Ethernet communication network and a frame relay network, in which a first network interface is operable to communicate with the Ethernet communication network using an Ethernet communication protocol. A second network interface is operable to communicate with the frame relay communication network using a frame relay protocol. A processing unit is in communication with the first network interface and the second network interface, in which the processing unit encapsulates frames received from the Ethernet network into frame relay frames, decapsulates frames received from the frame relay network to recover Ethernet frames and maps parameters corresponding to the received one of the frame relay and Ethernet frames into the other of the frame relay and Ethernet frames, the mapped parameters including connection configuration control plane information and data plane parameters corresponding to individual frames.

Abstract: In general, the invention provides for the relaying of ATM cells through an IP network. In one embodiment, an apparatus, such as a routing device, comprises a first interface card for coupling to an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network, and a second interface card for coupling to an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The apparatus further comprises a control unit to assign labels to inbound cells from the ATM network to form outbound Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) packets for forwarding to the IP network, and to remove labels from inbound MPLS packets from the IP network to form outbound cells for forwarding to the ATM network. The apparatus can encapsulate the ATM cells within MPLS packets, and route the MPLS packets through the IP network without regard to the content of the ATM cells. In this manner, the routers may relay ATM cells of any type, including data and control cells.

Abstract: A method for providing handling of data sent between a first network and at least a second network and a third network, wherein the first network is of a first protocol and the at least second and third networks are of a second protocol at least partially overlap is provided. A packet transmitted from the first network is received. The packet has a first address prefix if the packet is directed to the second network and has a second address prefix if the packet is directed to the third network. A destination address of the packet and a source address of the packet are translated from the first protocol to the second protocol. The packet is directed to the second network if the packet has the first address prefix. The packet is directed to the third network if the packet has the second address prefix.

Abstract: A communications network for transporting data packets among L2/L3 nodes based on dynamically L1-channelizable multi-source buses. The dynamic channelization of a packet transport bus among source-node-specific L1 connections is managed by a bus control process, which periodically optimizes the allocation of bus capacity pool among the source nodes based on real-time bus capacity demand figures by the source nodes of the bus. The invention provides means for real-time dynamic, traffic load adaptive allocation of transport network capacity to continuously maximize the data throughput of the transport network for dynamic packet traffic, such as Internet traffic.

Abstract: To more fully utilize the available bandwidth of a network link, network nodes in accordance with the present invention allow TDM data to be combined with packet data. A Packet/TDM cross connect switch, having both a TDM switch and a packet switch, is used in these embodiments. Data packets are transformed into TDM packet columns. The TDM packet columns are combined with standard TDM data columns in the payload of a TDM data frame. Data packets may be sorted based on a priority scheme, in which high priority data packets are given precedence over lower priority data. However, both high priority and low priority may be combined in a TDM packet column.

Abstract: A supervisory communications node monitors and controls communications with a plurality of remote devices throughout a widely distributed network. A method, system, and computer program product are provided to convey and maintain information used to synchronize the packetization and burst operations within the network. During session setup, jitter constraints indirectly are used to explicitly communicate a synchronization timing reference. The timing reference is set at the beginning of a phase/period boundary used to service the session. In an embodiment, the announcement of the first grant is used as an explicit indication of the synchronization timing reference value. In another embodiment, the synchronization timing reference value is inferred if a remote device receives contiguous voice grants meeting certain conditions. In an embodiment implementing periodic scheduling, the actual arrival of the first grant is used to infer the synchronization timing reference value.

Abstract: Synchronous and asynchronous data traffic over multipoint ad-hoc telecommunication networks is scheduled in frames, and bandwidth in such networks is allocated based on packet type and traffic type by a scheduler that points to frame descriptors, or data structures, that define where data is located, what packet type to use for the transmission, etc. The scheduling of reception is implicit, viz., there is always a transmit/receive descriptor pair. The same scheduler can schedule traffic in interconnected networks in which there is a participant, even if the networks are unsynchronized to one another, and the scheduler can schedule connection-setup actions, such as page and inquiry. The scheduler can also schedule non-actions, or inactivity, such as “no operation” and “sleep”.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for generating predicted data utilizing data gathered from portions of one or more bit streams present in a static buffer, or look-ahead window buffer over a first time period. By generating predicted data for the bit streams over a second time period, the present invention provides a longer “effective” look-ahead window buffer(s) time period without increasing system delay usually associated with increasing the “actual” look-ahead window buffer size.

Abstract: The present invention provides an interface and method for synchronous data transfer between domains clocked at different frequencies. The interface includes a first latch for receiving data from a first domain clocked at one frequency when the first latch is selected and a second latch for receiving data from the first domain when the second latch is selected. A third latch is provided for transferring data from either the first latch or the second latch to the second domain when the second domain is clocked.

Abstract: A high-resolution, per-packet measurement tool for analyzing a computer network that operates by sending a predetermined number of packets from a sender machine to a receiver machine with measurement information inserted into the packet. The system kernel at the sending machine stamps a sequence number and the sender's local time into the data section of each packet. When packets arrive at the receiver machine, they are similarly stamped by the receiving machine's kernel with the receiving machine's local time. The maintained packet information serves as the basis for latency analysis. For example, one set of latencies can be obtained with QoS mechanisms turned on, and another set with QoS mechanisms turned off, whereby the benefits of the QoS mechanisms can be accurately determined. To analyze the latencies, the present invention normalizes each time and each latency into relative latency information. Clock skew and timer jumps may be handled as part of the normalization.

Abstract: A transmission method according to the present invention is capable of transmitting and receiving a data signal and information signal among a plurality of devices by full-duplex operation, wherein, when the information signal consecutively repeats a single pattern, a different pattern is inserted between the same patterns before transmission thereof. This minimizes an adverse effect of crosstalk jitter over a transmission line susceptible to crosstalk, and reduces a margin between the transition and sampling point of a signal, thereby suppressing the cost of a CDR circuit.

Abstract: A method is provided for manually synchronizing the playback of a digital audio broadcast on a plurality of network output devices. The method is applicable for use with methods such as those that use a time code, insert a control track pulse, or use an audio waveform sample for synchronization. The manual adjustment method relies on a graphical user interface for adjustment and audible pulses from the devices which are to be synchronized. The digital audio broadcast from multiple receivers does not present to a listener any audible delay or echo effect.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus that selectively multiplexes a plurality of signal lines through an I/O pin on a semiconductor chip. This apparatus includes an I/O pin, for coupling a signal line within the semiconductor chip to a signal line outside of the semiconductor chip. A transmitting circuit is configured to selectively multiplex the plurality of signal lines onto the I/O pin. A receiving circuit is configured to receive multiplexed data from the I/O pin, and to reverse the multiplexing so that values originally from the multiplexed signal lines are separated into distinct signals in the receiving circuit. Note that the transmitting circuit and the receiving circuit are driven by a common clock signal. The apparatus additionally includes an initialization circuit that selectively configures the transmitting circuit and the receiving circuit to multiplex at least one of the plurality of signal lines through the I/O pin.

Abstract: Output power of light emitted from a data transmission light source is determined based upon forward voltage, forward current, ambient temperature and a factor specific to the manner in which the light source is mounted. Output power is determined with sufficient accuracy to control operation of the data transmission light source for compliance with eye safety and transmission protocol requirements without use of a complex lens and monitor diode.

Abstract: There is provided a laser. The laser includes a substrate, a first Bragg reflector layer sequence on the substrate, an active layer sequence on the first Bragg reflector layer sequence, a second Bragg reflector layer sequence on the active layer sequence, and a voltage source for applying a voltage via the active layer sequence to generate a beam of laser radiation. At least one of the first Bragg reflector layer sequence, the active layer sequence or the second Bragg reflector layer sequence includes a layer having a periodic pattern positioned in a direction of the beam to stabilize a polarization of the beam.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device comprising: a first cladding layer of a first conductivity type; an active layer provided on the first cladding layer and having a quantum well structure; an overflow blocking layer of a second conductivity type provided on the overflow blocking layer. The active layer includes a region having an impurity concentration is 3×1017 cm?3 or more and having a thickness of 30 nm or less between the overflow blocking layer and a well layer in the active layer closet to the overflow blocking layer.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor light-emitting device suitable for being mounted on a pickup is provided. The integrated semiconductor light-emitting device has a first laser part stacked on a semiconductor substrate and a projection-shaped second laser part formed by stack in thin-film-layer form. The second laser part is fitted into a trench formed adjacent to the first laser part in the semiconductor substrate. At least the first and second laser parts and the trench are bonded together through a metal bonding layer. An emission spot of the first laser part and an emission spot of the second laser part are located away in approximately the same horizontal direction perpendicular to the direction of the stack of the first and second laser parts.