Abstract: This invention provides a composition comprising a daidzein-containing substrate and a strain of micro-organism capable of metabolizing daidzein to equol as essential ingredients. This composition is effective in the prevention and alleviation of unidentified clinical syndrome inclusive of menopausal syndrome in middle-aged to elderly women for which no effective means of prevention or alleviation has heretofore been available.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula I where R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 have the meanings given in claim 1. The compound is suitable in particular for use in skin care compositions. They protect, firstly, against harmful oxidation reactions and, secondly, also act as UV filters.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting and/or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The analog or derivative is administered such that the subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and/or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. In some embodiments, the invention may include a chemical compound including an at least partially water soluble carotenoid analog or derivative. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ether functionality.

Abstract: A topical insecticide preparation is provided which can be safe to use and avoids many common deleterious side effects of conventional topical insecticides. The topical insecticide contains a combination of a first pyrethroid insecticide effective for killing fleas, a second pyrethroid insecticide effective for killing ticks, and an insect growth regulator (IGR). The topical insecticide preparation can be packaged together or packaged so that the first and second pyrethroid insecticides are stored separately prior to administration of the insecticide preparation to the animal. The combination of the first and second pyrethroid insecticides with an insect growth regulator results in an insecticide preparation formulated to have enhanced insecticidal activity against fleas and ticks compared to the effectiveness of the first and second insecticides used alone.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel methods of enhancing the solubility of a compound. Compositions prepared using such methods are also disclosed. Compositions prepared using the methods have various advantages over conventionally known compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound represented by the Structural Formula (I): Y is a covalent bond, a phenylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained hydrocarbyl group. In addition, Y, taken together with both >C=Z groups to which it is bonded, is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group. Preferably, Y is a covalent bond or —C(R7R8)—. R1 and R2 are independently an aryl group or a substituted aryl group, R3 and R4 are independently —H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aryl group or a substituted aryl group. R5-R6 are independently —H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aryl group or a substituted aryl group. R7 and R8 are each independently —H, an aliphatic or substituted aliphatic group, or R7 is —H and R8 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or, R7 and R8, taken together, are a C2-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group. Z is ?O or ?S.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the Formula I wherein R1, R2, R3, m, and n are as defined. Compounds of the Formula I have activity inhibiting production of A?-peptide. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating disorders and diseases, for example, neurodegenerative and/or neurological disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease, in a mammal comprising compounds of the Formula I.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds and composition of compounds that modulate norepinephrine levels for the prevention and treatment of vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flush, caused by, inter alia, thermoregulatory dysfunctions.

Abstract: An autoxidisable architectural coating composition suitable for application to surfaces found in and around buildings at ambient temperatures and in natural daylight by unsophisticated users having no respiratory protection wherein surface autoxidation of the composition is promoted by a combination of low concentrations of metal ions (especially manganese or vanadium) and at least one photoinitiator. The composition avoids the need to use more than trace amounts cobalt ions which are rumoured to be carcinogenic yet achieves adequately fast rates of autoxidation. Preferably the use of cobalt is avoided altogether. The use of the low concentrations of the other metal ions reduces discolouration of the compositions often to levels below what is achieved using conventional cobalt promoters. It also improves gloss. Also a modification in which surface autoxidation is promoted by a combination of a photoinitiator and trace amounts of cobalt ions in the absence of other surface autoxidation promoting metal ions.

Abstract: A water-based ink comprising an aqueous dispersion of polymer particles made of a water-insoluble vinyl polymer containing a colorant, wherein the water-insoluble vinyl polymer is prepared by polymerizing a monomer composition comprising a specific monomer A such as a monomer A1 represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl, R2 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkylphenyl, and n is 1 to 30; a monomer having a salt-forming group; and a monomer copolymerizable with the monomer A and the monomer having a salt-forming group. The water-based ink can be suitably used as a water-based ink for inkjet recording and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous ink for ink jet printer recording including a water dispersion of water-insoluble vinyl polymer particles containing carbon black, wherein the carbon black has a volatile content of 5% or less at 950° C. and includes at least two kinds of carbon black differing from each other in at least one of a primary particle diameter, a specific surface area and a DBP absorption amount.

Abstract: A water-based ink composition for a ballpoint pen containing at least colored resin particles which have an average particle diameter of 2 to 20 ?m and which are non-thermoplastic in a proportion of 5 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of the ink composition and non-colored particles having a glass transition point of 60° C. or higher. The average particle diameter of the non-colored particles is preferably to 0.01 to 10 ?m. The ink composition preferably includes at least one selected from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide adducts of glycerin and ethylene oxide or propylene oxide adducts of diglycerin in a proportion of 1 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of the ink composition.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant, alkali resistant coating composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a binder comprising a reaction product of an epoxy-containing material and a phosphorus-containing material together with a curing agent. Aminoplasts, especially melamine-based aminoplasts, are particularly suitable curing agents. A source of silicon can optionally be included. The compositions also provide excellent adhesion and can be used with or without a weldable primer. The compositions are applied to and cured on a metal substrate.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition for encapsulating optical semiconductor element, comprising the following (A) to (D): (A) an epoxy resin component comprising a novolak type epoxy resin having at least one of the biphenyl skeleton and naphthalene skeleton in one molecule in an amount of from 50 to 100% by weight of the total weight of the epoxy resin component, (B) a curing agent component comprising a novolak type phenol resin having at least one of the biphenyl skeleton and naphthalene skeleton in one molecule in an amount of from 50 to 100% by weight of the total weight of the curing agent component, (C) an organic phosphorus flame retarder, and (D) a curing catalyst, wherein the content of an organic phosphorus flame retarder as (C) is from 1.5 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the epoxy resin composition.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydraulic composition which enables both of high fluidity and material separation reducing and can eliminate the delay of setting. The present invention is directed to a hydraulic composition comprising cement (A), a copolymer (B), a high-performance water reducing agent (C) and a powdery cement admixture (D), wherein the copolymer (B) comprises a repeating unit (I) represented by the following formula (1); (wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. n is an integer of 2 to 4.), and a repeating unit (II) represented by the following general formula (2); (wherein R2, R3 and R4 are same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a (CH2)pCOOM2 group, and may form a structure of an anhydride when the total number of COOM1 groups and COOM2 groups are 2.

Abstract: Blends of polycarbonate and copolyester that are capable of being extrusion blow-molded are described. The blends preferably comprise (I) about 1 to 99% by weight of a linear or branched polycarbonate and (II) about 1 to 99% by weight of a mixture of (i) about 40 to 100% by weight of a first copolyester and (ii) about 0 to 60% by weight of a second copolyester. The first copolyester preferably comprises (A) diacid residues comprising terephthalic acid residues, (B) diol residues comprising about 45 to 75 mole percent of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues and about 25 to 55 mole percent of ethylene glycol residues, and (C) about 0.05 to 1.0 mole percent of the residue of a trifunctional monomer. The optional second copolyester preferably comprises (A) diacid residues comprising terephthalic acid residues and (B) diol residues comprising about 52 to 90 mole percent of CHDM residues and about 10 to 48 mole percent of ethylene glycol residues.

Abstract: A conductive adhesive composition is obtained by mixing a binder resin with 30-98 wt % based on the adhesive composition of a silver powder as a conductive agent. The silver powder contains a silver powder consisting of flat primary particles and having a massive agglomerate structure and a tap density of 0.1-1.5 g/cm3 in an amount of 30-98 wt % based on the adhesive composition. The conductive adhesive composition cures into a product having improved conductivity, adhesion, heat resistance, moisture resistance, ease of working and heat transfer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition having a ethylene-propylene-diene rubber component and a Fischer-Tropsch derived process oil. The process oil preferably has a flash point of above 260° C. and an evaporation loss at 107° C. during 22 hours of less than 0.05 wt %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a material which consists essentially of sand and polymers as well as optionally, a small quantity of aggregates. The invention also relates to a method for producing this material, comprising the following steps: producing a hot molten mixture consisting of sand and polymers; introducing said molten mixture into a mould; cooling the molten mixture under pressure until the molten mixture hardens in the mould. The material can be used e.g. for producing building blocks, pavement slabs, manhole covers, housings in electrical engineering and insulators for high-voltage applications.

Abstract: Additives comprising dispersed silica nanoparticles are disclosed. The silica nanoparticles are dispersed in an aminoplast, such as a modified aminoplast formed from the reaction between an aminoplast, a modifying component, and optionally a siloxane. The resulting additives can be added to coating compositions to provide improved mar and/or scratch resistance.

Abstract: Water-dilutable polyurethane dispersions comprising structural units derived from polyisocyanates A, polyols B having a number-average molar mass Mn of at least 400 g/mol, compounds D that contain at least two groups reactive towards isocyanate groups and at least one group capable of anion formation, low molar mass polyols E that do not carry any further groups reactive towards isocyanate groups, compounds G that are monofunctional towards isocyanates or contain active hydrogen of different reactivity and that are different from the compounds E, characterised in that the polyols B contain a mass fraction of polycarbonate polyols B1 of at least 85%, and the use thereof in coating compositions

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of an aqueous polyurethane dispersion based on at least one aliphatic and/or aromatic polyisocyanate is described, which is characterised by the following steps: a) production of an aqueous pre-emulsion by mixing a polyurethane prepolymer containing hydrophilic and/or potentially hydrophilic groups with water in a mixing nozzle, wherein the polyurethane prepolymer is injected into the water; b) formation of an emulsion by homogenization of the pre-emulsion from step a) in a multi-step homogenizing nozzle. Paint films containing the aqueous polyurethane dispersion produced by the process can be used to coat substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acrylic polymer emulsion containing a polymer formed by polymerizing 100% by weight in total of a monodic mixture comprising 50 to 90% by weight of an alkyl acrylate or an alkyl methacrylate, 9 to 49% by weight of a vinyl monomer of which homopolymer having a glass transition temperature Tg is not lower than 80° C., 0.2 to 10% by weight of a vinyl monomer having a carboxyl group and 0.1 to 5% by weight of a crosslinkable monomer having a molecular weight of not less than 280. The acrylic polymer emulasion of present invention provides gloves for home uses, works, examination operations, medical uses and the like which are superior in practical performances such as tensile strength, elongation, alcohol resistance, detergent resistance, oil resistance, recovering property after a stretch and wearing touch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermoplastic resin composition and a preparation method of the same, more precisely, a thermoplastic resin composition containing acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) graft copolymer resin, aromatic polycarbonate resin, aromatic vinyl compound and vinyl cyan compound copolymer resin and styrene-acrylonitrile graft maleic anhydride (SAN-g-MAN) to improve exterior physical properties such as scratch resistance, surface gloss, colorability, weather resistance, etc, and a preparation method of the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyethylene composition with a bimodal molecular weight distribution, methods for making the same, and articles made therefrom, such as high topload blow moldings and transmission and distribution pipes. The composition comprises a low-molecular-weight (LMW) ethylene homopolymer component and a homogeneous, high-molecular-weight (HMW) ethylene interpolymer component, wherein the LMW component is characterized as having a molecular weight distribution, MWDL, of less than about 8. In some embodiments, the HMW component is characterized by a reverse comonomer distribution.

Abstract: According to the present invention, during or after the process of separating an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid by-produced from a chlorinated vinyl chloride resin slurry obtained by chlorinating vinyl chloride resin or a copolymer of vinyl chloride and another copolymerizable monomer, hypochlorite is added to the chlorinated vinyl chloride slurry or water-containing resin. Due to this, the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin or chlorinated vinyl chloride copolymer resin before drying is reduced, and the problem of removing hydrochloric acid in the subsequent drying treatment is reduced, whereby the problem of corrosion of a drier can be reduced.

Abstract: A process is provided for the hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bonds in polymers by treatment of the polymers with hydrogen in the presence of rhodium-based catalysts and in the complete absence of organic solvent.

Abstract: An optically clear thermoplastic resin composition is disclosed which comprises structural units derived from substituted or unsubstituted polycarbonate and substituted or unsubstituted polyester, wherein said polyester comprises structural units derived from terephthalic acid and a mixture of 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol and ethylene glycol, wherein said ethylene glycol is greater than about 60 mole percent based on total moles of 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol and ethylene glycol. In addition the composition disclosed possess good environmental stress cracking resistance, flow and thermal properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of a haemocompatible polymer, consisting of a polyurethane bound covalently to sulphated hyaluronic acid. These sulfated derivatives have anticoagulative, non-thrombogenic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. They also have the ability to inhibit platelet adhesion, aggregation and activation. The invention is particularly advantageous in resisting the enzyme hyaluronidase, therefore ensuring anti-coagulant activities for longer periods of time when compared to similar compounds. This biocompatible polymer material is well suited for surgical or other medicinal uses.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing an elastomeric base composition comprising: (I) mixing by an extrusion process (A) a fluorocarbon elastomer with (B) an optional compatibilizer, (C) an optional catalyst (D) a silicone base comprising a curable organopolysiloxane, (E), an optional crosslinking agent (F) a cure agent in an amount sufficient to cure said organopolysiloxane; and (II) dynamically vulcanizing the organopolysiloxane, wherein the weight ratio of fluorocarbon elastomer (A) to silicone base (B) in the elastomeric base composition ranges from 95:5 to 30:70. The cured rubber compositions obtained from the elastomeric base compositions herein have good fuel resistance properties.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization solid catalyst including a reaction product of a transition metal compound and an organoaluminum compound carried on a support having silica treated with an organoaluminum-oxy compound.

Abstract: An acrylic polymer having pendant alkoxysilane comprising the free radical reaction product of a polysiloxane, an N-alkylphosphonate N-oxylalkyl ester initiator; and ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The acrylic polymer can be further crosslinked with reactive polysiloxanes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical sector of the polymerisation of acrylic acid and its salts, more particularly in solution, more particularly by controlled radical method, the use of the corresponding organo-sulphurated transfer agents, the acrylic acid polymers thus obtained, having a very low polydispersity PD (or very low polymolecularity index IP, which is an equivalent term), and their applications in industry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a high stereospecific (isotactic) polybutylene polymer comprising the step of polymerizing a reactive monomer, 1-butene, which is used or is not used as a solvent, in the presence of catalyst and inert gas. According to the present invention, it is possible to prepare a high stereospecific polybutylene polymer in much higher activity than that of any other known processes for the preparation of a high stereospecific polybutylene polymer. The high stereospecific polybutylene polymer according to the present invention is a homopolymer of 1-butene, or a copolymer containing a-olefin and up to 40% by weight of a comonomer, wherein titanium in the catalyst residues is not detected in the ppm level, stereospecificity (Isotactic Index, mmmm %) determined by 13C-NMR is 96 or more, molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) is 3-6, and molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) can be controlled to 8 or more.

Abstract: A composition comprises a copolymer comprising repeating units derived from at least one co-reactant comprising two or more acrylate groups and repeating units derived from a fluoroacrylate comprising the reaction product of: (a) at least one fluorochemical alcohol represented by the formula: C4F9—X—OH wherein: R=hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m=2 to 8, Rf=CnF2n+1, n=1 to 5, y 32 0 to 6, and q=1 to 8; (b) at least one unbranched symmetric diisocyanate; and (c) at least one hydroxy-terminated alkyl (meth)acrylate or 2-fluoroacrylate monomer having 2 to about 30 carbon atoms in its alkylene portion; wherein the composition is coatable.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a fluorine-containing polymer having few branched chains and little weight change in high temperatures, which is a new process wherein composition distribution substantially does not occur. The fluorine-containing polymer is prepared by a batch copolymerization process conducted under conditions of reduced temperature of at least 0.95 and reduced pressure of at least 0.80 of the critical constant calculated from critical temperature, critical pressure and composition ratio of each monomer in the gaseous phase of the reaction vessel using the Peng-Robinson formula.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silicone resin composition that can be used for a roll film having small birefringence, the silicone resin composition being suitable for, for example, optical applications, and a window material for an automobile, the silicone resin composition having high heat resistance, the silicon resin composition being stained at a low level, the silicone resin composition having a low thermal expansion coefficient, the silicone resin composition enabling a transparent conductive film to be stably formed, and the silicone resin composition providing good winding property.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of a hydroxyl-containing polymer including: protecting a hydroxyl group of a hydroxyl-containing monomer with a protecting group to make the monomer a protected monomer with decreased hydrophilicity; adding the protected monomer alone or together with a hydrophobic monomer to a water-based medium containing a salt and a dispersion stabilizer; adding a polymerization initiator to the mixture to carry out suspension polymerization; and de-protecting the obtained polymer having the protecting group to recover the hydroxyl group.

Abstract: Acrylic polymers are made by the living radical polymerization of acrylic monomers utilizing organo halide initiators with either metal-free or metal catalysts. Moreover, block copolymers of vinyl halide monomers and acrylic monomers are described by generally polymerizing either the vinyl halide monomers or acrylic monomers utilizing an organo halide initiator in the presence of either a metal catalyst or a metal-free catalyst and subsequently polymerizing thereon the remaining type of monomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peroxide curable rubber compound comprising at least one elastomeric polymer comprising repeating units derived from at least one C4 to C7 isomonoolefin monomer, at least one C4 to C14 multiolefin monomer and at least one m- or p-alkylstyrene monomer.

Abstract: A catalyst for the polymerisation of 1-olefins is disclosed, which comprises (1) a compound of Formula B wherein M is Fe[II], Fe[III], Co[I], Co[II], Co[III], Mn[I], Mn[II], Mn[III], Mn[IV], Ru[II], Ru[III] or Ru[IV]; X represents an atom or group covalently or ionically bonded to the transition metal M; T is the oxidation state of the transition metal M and b is the valency of the atom or group X; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl or substituted heterohydrocarbyl; and when any two or more of R1-R7 are hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl or substituted heterohydrocarbyl, said two or more can be linked to form one or more cyclic substituents; and (2) a further catalyst. Copolymers made using the catalyst having specific physical properties are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is an adhesive composition comprising a) one or more silane functional prepolymers comprising a polyether or a polyolefin backbone and silane moieties capable of silanol condensation; b) one or more isocyanate functional prepolymers comprising a polyether backbone and isocyanate moieties; c) one or more organotin compounds or titanate or zirconate compounds having one or more ligands comprising a hydrocarbyl phosphate ester or a hydrocarbyl sulfonate ester, or a mixture thereof; d) a tertiary amine or an anhydrous strong organic acid which is miscible with the polymer and enhances the bonding of the adhesive to a coated unprimed substrate. In one embodiment, the invention is a method of bonding two or more substrates together using the adhesive compositions of this invention. The process comprises applying an adhesive as described herein to one or more of the substrates; contacting the one or more substrates with the adhesive disposed between the substrates; and allowing the adhesive to cure.

Abstract: The invention relates to moisture-crosslinkable organopolysiloxane-polyurea block copolymers, to a process for preparing the crosslinkable organopolysiloxane-polyurea block copolymers, and to their use; to crosslinkable compositions comprising the crosslinkable organopolysiloxane-polyurea block copolymers, to the preparation of the crosslinkable compositions, to their vulcanization, and to the use of the vulcanizates.

Abstract: Provided an industrially excellent method of producing a phenol novolak resin having an ortho ratio of 30% or more by: (1) a method of reacting a phenol and an aldehyde using an oxalic acid catalyst at 110 to 160° C. under pressure; or (2) a method of reacting a phenol and an aldehyde under pressure while removing the heat of reaction by a condenser with controlling a pressure so that water or an organic solvent present in the reaction system is refluxed.

Abstract: A branched polycarbonate and processes for its preparation are disclosed. The polycarbonate contains structural units conforming to in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 mutually independently denote C1-C10 alkyl, R5, R6 and R7 mutually independently denote hydrogen or C1-C10 alkyl, or R1 and R2, and R3 and R4, with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a C5-C10 cycloalkyl group, wherein the cycloalkyl group may be substituted.

Abstract: A polymer that includes a constitutional unit contributed by (a) a first monomer comprising a halocatechol diacrylate, a halocatechol diacrylate, a haloresorcinol diacrylate, or a halohydroquinone diacrylate, and (b) a second monomer comprising a charge transporting moiety.

Abstract: The invention provides a crosslinkable aromatic resin having a protonic acid group and a crosslinkable group, suitable for electrolytic membranes and binders used in fuel cells, etc., and electrolytic polymer membranes, binders and fuel cells using the resin. The crosslinkable aromatic resin has a crosslinkable group, which is not derived from the protonic acid group and can form a polymer network without any elimination component. This resin exhibits excellent ion conductivity, heat resistance, water resistance, adhesion property and low methanol permeability. Preferably, the crosslinkable group is composed of a C1 to C10 alkyl group directly bonded to the aromatic ring and/or an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the main chain in which at least one carbon atom directly bonded to the aromatic ring bonds to hydrogen, and a carbonyl group, or a carbon-carbon double bond or triple bond.

Abstract: Water-resistant, protein-based adhesive dispersion compositions and methods for preparing them are provided. The adhesive dispersions are prepared by copolymerizing a denatured vegetable protein, such as soy flour, that has been functionalized with methylol groups with one or more reactive comonomers, and preparing an acidic dispersion of the adhesive. The adhesive dispersions exhibit superior water resistance, and can be used to bond wood substrates, such as panels or laminate, or in the preparation of composite materials.

Abstract: Modified copolyesters having relatively low refractive indices and relatively high glass transition temperatures are disclosed. These modified copolyesters can be used in forming one or more layers in an optical film, such as a multilayer polymer film.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a biodegradable system for the controlled release of bioactive substances. This system comprises novel biodegradable and biocompatible polyphosphoesters that carry positive charges. Process for making these polyphosphoesters, compositions containing these polyphosphoesters and biologically active substances, articles and methods for delivery of drugs and genes using this system are described. A controlled gene delivery system based on these polyphosphoesters is prepared by complex coacervation of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) with polymers. The release rates can be manipulated by adjusting the charge ratios of polyphosphoesters to nucleic acids. This gene delivery system yields a higher gene expression in muscle when injected intramuscularly.