Abstract: An optical recording medium having at least a recording film and a protection film disposed on a substrate is disclosed. The optical recording medium includes a plurality of recording tracks being disposed, along a predetermined direction, on a signal recording surface to which a laser beam is incident, the recording tracks having tapered protruding portions, wherein the protruding portions are formed of an optical near field generation film.

Abstract: A disk apparatus includes a plurality of stockers each for stocking a disk therein, a plurality of stocker moving mechanism arranged around the plurality of stockers, for, when stocking a disk in one of the plurality of stockers and when playing back a disk stocked in one of the plurality of stockers, moving the one of the plurality of stockers upward or downward, each of the plurality of stocker moving mechanism having small-diameter portions at upper and lower ends thereof, and an actuation member movably arranged in a gap between the small-diameter portion of one of the plurality of stocker moving mechanism and an inner surface of a wall of a housing.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus is provided, which comprises a lens tilting section for tilting an objective lens to correct coma aberration occurring in a light beam spot focused on an information surface of an optical disc, a spherical aberration correcting section for correcting spherical aberration occurring in a light beam spot focused on the information surface, and a lens tilt-spherical aberration correction control section for controlling the spherical aberration correcting section to change an amount of spherical aberration correction performed by the spherical aberration correcting section depending on a tilt of the objective lens tilted by the lens tilting section.

Abstract: A recording medium has a first recording area on which multiplexed audio informations are recorded as sets of one or more information units, a second recording area on which control information for controlling recording of the multiplexed audio informations are recorded. The control informations include first information representing the number of sets of information composing the multiplexed audio informations, and second information instructing to record the multiplexed audio informations as a stream.

Abstract: An information recording/reproducing apparatus and information reproducing method records information data, regardless of an external disturbance. According to a demodulated timing pulse, a synchronization signal and address data representative of an address is demodulated from a readout signal. An error correction process carried out on the address data obtains corrected address data. A determination is made if the corrected address data is a correct address. When the synchronization signal has a period equal to a predetermined period, a synchronization process is executed to place the demodulated timing pulse in synchronism with the synchronization signal, wherein, when the corrected address data is determined as a correct address, then the re-synchronization process is put into stand-by until the corrected address data is determined as an incorrect address.

Abstract: A data recording/reproducing method with robust error handling capability and a data recording/reproducing apparatus therefore, are provided. The data recording method includes: dividing data to be recorded on a recording medium into blocks having a predetermined size; repeatedly recording each block at a predetermined number of times on the recording medium, and recording the predetermined block size and the predetermined number of block recordings on the recording medium. According to the data recording method, it is possible to recover damaged data using a predetermined different block instead of a defective block by dividing data into blocks having a predetermined size and repeatedly recording the blocks on a recording medium a predetermined number of times, so that the recorded data has a robust defect resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a recording medium (2), particularly an optical recording disk, which comprises at least one record track (3) having a physical volume (32) with addressable blocks (4). The physical volume (32) is divided into spare area (36;38) and user-accessible logical volume (37). A single spare area (36) is only located at the beginning of the physical volume (32), or a single spare area (38) is only located at the end of the physical volume (32). Alternatively, a first spare area (36) is located at the beginning of the physical volume (32) and a second spare area (38) is located at the end of the physical volume (32). Thus, the logical volume (37) is physically contiguous, that is, not interrupted by any spare area. The recording medium according to the invention can be used both for storing computer data as well as for recording audio and/or video information. The invention also relates to methods and a device for use in conjunction with the recording medium.

Abstract: In order to make it possible to reproduce information recorded on an optical recording medium without causing deterioration in the information, a semiconductor laser driving device include a semiconductor laser, a photodetecting element for receiving a part of light emitted from the semiconductor laser and converting the part of light into an electric signal corresponding to a light amount; a laser driving circuit for inputting a driving signal into the semiconductor laser in such a manner that an average value of the electric signal coincides with a given target value, and a high-frequency superimposing control section for controlling an amplitude of the high-frequency signal. The high-frequency superimposing control section controls the amplitude in such a manner that a peak-to-average ratio that is a ratio of a peak value of the electric signal with respect to the average value of the electric signal does not increase above a given reference value.

Abstract: In a recordable data storage medium on which property data was recorded after having been modulated and on which data that is decodable by a cryptographic key to be generated from the property data was recorded, the property data was preferably modulated by a different method from that applied to a read-only data storage medium. Then, an optical disc drive, having no ability to distinguish the recordable data storage medium from the read-only data storage medium, cannot read the recordable data storage medium. Consequently, a greater number of drives should be equipped with the function of recognizing the type of a given data storage medium and the copyright protection function should be consolidated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a disc discriminating method and an optical disc information reproducing apparatus wherein DVD-RAM which is DVD-RAM1 or DVD-RAM2 and DVDRW which is DVD-RW or DVD+RW which cannot be respectively determined based upon distance from the surface of a disc to the recording face, the number of recording faces and the reflectance can be discriminated. In case an optical disc is DVD-RAM or DVDRW, the amplitude of a push-pull tracking error signal is measured by a microcomputer in a state in which servo control is executed based upon a focus error signal. Determination is performed based upon the amplitude of the push-pull tracking error signal, when the amplitude of the push-pull tracking error signal is larger than a predetermined value, the optical disc is judged as DVD-RAM and when the amplitude is smaller than the predetermined value, the optical disc is judged as DVDRW.

Abstract: An 11T single signal and a 3T single signal are recorded on a DVD?RW at the optimum recording power P1 and a recording power P2 of an intensity of 85% with relative to the optimum recording power P1, and then these signals are reproduced to calculate asymmetry values A1 and A2. If a difference (A1-A2) between both asymmetry values is equal to or greater than a reference value of 0.05, it is judged that a method using the asymmetry value is available for the OPC, and if the difference is less than a reference value of 0.05, it is judged that the method is not available. Then, the judgment result is recorded on the DVD?RW as a flag. A DVD drive judges whether or not the asymmetry value is used for the OPC on the basis of the flag.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes: a light source outputting light; a head disposed so as to face a disk on which a signal is recordable, the head being capable of condensing a light from the light source onto the disk as near-field light; an distance adjusting mechanism adjusting a distance between the head and the disk; first control means for causing the head to approach the disk and controlling the head to nearly stop at a position where a distance from the disk is a first distance at which the light is condensed on the disk by the head as the near-field light; detection means for detecting if the distance is the first distance; and second control means for controlling the distance adjusting mechanism based on the detected signal so as that the distance is a second distance under near-field light condition.

Abstract: An information storage medium and an apparatus for recording and/or reproducing the information storage medium capable of controlling optimal recording power without an influence of an optimal power control (OPC) area in a layer upon an OPC area in a different layer. The information storage medium includes at least one information storage layer including an optimal power control area for obtaining an optical recording condition. OPC areas in adjacent information storage layers are disposed within different radiuses of the information storage medium. Accordingly, even when the information storage medium is made eccentric or has a manufacturing error, a recording property of the information storage medium is prevented from being degraded due to an influence of an OPC area in an information storage layer upon an OPC area in an adjacent information storage layer.

Abstract: A signal generating circuit of the invention includes a current polarity switch circuit that receives an output current of a light-sensitive element and outputs a current of which the direction the polarity switch circuit keeps constant regardless of the direction of the received current, a current-to-voltage conversion circuit that converts the current outputted from the current polarity switch circuit into a voltage, and a signal processing circuit that receives the voltage outputted from the current-voltage conversion circuit to generate a signal based on the received voltage. Thus, the signal based on the received current signal can be generated regardless of the direction of the received current signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser apparatus is provided which comprises a semiconductor laser device for emitting laser light and a base having a major surface and a circumferential side surface. The circumferential side surface has an upper surface and a lower surface. The semiconductor laser device is mounted on the major surface of the base. At least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the circumferential side surface is tilted from a direction perpendicular to the major surface so that a height in a vertical direction of the semiconductor laser apparatus is reduced or minimized.

Abstract: A method of writing data on a storage device using a probe technique. In the method of writing data on a memory device including a resistive probe used for reading and writing of data, a ferroelectric writing medium on which data is written by the resistive probe, and a lower electrode disposed on a bottom surface of the ferroelectric writing medium, heat and an electric field are applied simultaneously to a domain of the ferroelectric writing medium, on which the data will be written, by applying a voltage to the resistive probe and the lower electrode.

Abstract: An optical information storage medium has multiple information layers. On each layer, information is stored in the form of an electroluminescent material. The pits are organized into regions called pages. A specific page on a specific layer can be addressed through electrodes integrated into the medium. The medium can be read-only or WORM. For the WORM embodiment, a recordable electroluminescent material is combined with a quencher and a free radical generating compound that, when thermally degraded, generates free radicals to bleach the quencher. To amplify the light from an information layer, a photoconductive layer and an additional electroluminescent layer can be provided.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a user data area and a lead-out area each having grooves and lands formed thereon. Wobbles are formed on at least one lateral surface of the grooves of the user data area and the lead-out area, and configured such that wobble characteristics are made different between the user data area and the lead-out area. Different types of the wobbles are formed on the grooves of either the user data area or the lead-out area, thereby preventing an optical pickup that performs recording/reproducing, from deviating from the user data area. Also, in a multi-layer optical recording medium, a whole area of a recording layer is configured to have the same condition, thereby preventing deterioration in reproducing and/or recording due to a difference in light power transmittance of another recording layer.

Abstract: An optical reproduction method is provided that is able to increase recording capacity of an optical recording medium by combining the techniques of light wavelength reduction, signal level multiplication, and recording layer multiplication in an optical recording medium. In the optical reproduction method for reproducing signals based on light reflected from plural pits in the optical recording medium with plural recording layers, a pit depth H, a wavelength ? of the incident light, and a refractive index n of the substrate of the optical recording medium satisfy: ?/6n?H<?/4n. The region including the pits is divided into cells each having the same area, and multi-level reproduction signals are generated in response to pit occupation of the cells. Spherical aberration W40 in light condensed onto the optical recording medium satisfies W40?0.07 ?rms.

Abstract: A method of recording data optically to an optical disk having a plurality of sectors, in which each sector has a region to be recorded with data, the data is recorded in units of blocks, and the block includes a predetermined number of sectors and is a data unit including error correction codes. In recording data related to a content by dividing and recording the data in a plurality of sectors continuously, dummy data to be used for extracting a clock in phase lock loop (PLL) for data reproduction is recorded on a region adjacent before a sector from which data recording is started. The data related to the contents is recorded on sectors following the region recorded with the dummy data.

Abstract: In an optical disk including at least a rewritable phase change material and comprising a recording layer having a reflectivity of more than 15%, an address output value as an address pit signal component occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be 0.18 though 0.27 or a numerical aperture of an address pit signal occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be more than 0.3.

Abstract: In an optical disk including at least a rewritable phase change material and comprising a recording layer having a reflectivity of more than 15%, an address output value as an address pit signal component occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be 0.18 though 0.27 or a numerical aperture of an address pit signal occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be more than 0.3.

Abstract: A general optical storage system (OSS) contains an optical drive and a fluorescent multilayer disc (FMLD), which can be realized as a multilayer structure with data storage in fluorescent spots like pits or spiral grooves, divided by layers, transparent to reading and fluorescent radiation. The OSS includes a fluorescent signal reception device, capable of reading FMLD, as well as reflective CD and DVD discs (including CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, etc.). Increase of pit width in FMLD and use of microangle mirrors allow increase of the information signal. Elimination of FMLD fluorescence lifetime influence on data pulse duration allows an increase in the data reading rate. The absorption indices of different layers of FMLD are optimized.

Abstract: A method of communicating data across a channel that experiences near-end cross talk (NEXT) interference and far-end cross talk (FEXT) interference in alternate intervals. In one embodiment, the method comprises: a) determining NF, the number of bits per symbol usable in a FEXT-only mode of operation; b) determining NS, a number of bits per symbol usable in a single mode of operation; c) determining whether the FEXT-only mode or the single mode provides a higher data rate; and d) configuring a modem to transmit using the mode having a higher data rate. The FEXT-only mode may be determined to have a higher data rate when 126NF>340NS.

Abstract: A fiber-optic networking system that can survive a break in the fiber and restore full connectivity to all nodes in the network. The network can detect the presence of a cut in the fiber, locate the cut, recover from the cut, and restore the communication capacity that was available before the cut. The network is also capable of automatically determining the existence and identity of the nodes in the network, the distance of the node from the headend, and the executing procedures to handle both planned and unplanned (i.e., during a fault) removal of nodes from the network.

Abstract: Techniques are described for reducing the impact of failure of a primary and a secondary routing control unit within a network device, i.e., a double-failure of the network device. For example, a network device, such as a router, initially establishes a routing communication session between a primary routing control unit of the router and a neighboring router. The initial routing communication session has a first restart time in the event of a session failure. The router reestablishes the routing communication session with a secondary routing control unit upon failure of the primary routing control unit. The reestablished routing communication session has a second restart time that is less than first restart time. Upon recovery of the failed routing control unit, the secondary routing control unit renegotiates the restart time associated with the session to an increased value with the neighboring routers to which the reduced restart time was initially advertised.

Abstract: A network communications tunnel is established by assigning a unique label to each communications link between adjacent nodes in a pre-defined network path. A node's unique label is used to forward a data packet to the adjacent node in the pre-defined path. The unique labels for all the nodes in the pre-defined path are stored by each node in the tunnel. A bypass tunnel to bypass a node in the pre-defined path may be established to reroute data packets around a failed communication link in the tunnel. The bypass tunnel may be established before the communication link failure providing fast tunnel restoration.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments provide a method comprising: in a network at a node located on a label switched path: selecting a backup path to respond to a failure; and for each link along the backup path, reserving a backup bandwidth, wherein the backup bandwidth is sufficient to reroute traffic around the failure.

Abstract: In a mesh communications network, in which working and protection paths may be established, channels used to carry protection traffic between nodes are shared across multiple protection paths. Channels need only be shared if sharing does not adversely impact network usage. If working and protection paths become susceptible to single points of failure, channels need not be shared.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for improving fibre channel frame delivery. Techniques are provided for the in order delivery of frames by intelligently delaying or dropping selected fibre channel frames. Other techniques are provided for in order delivery by using label switching and frame labels. The various techniques can be applied during circumstances such as a link state or channel change.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for facilitating an activity switch between a plurality of redundant routing modules in a network element is disclosed. Lower layer protocol packets, each encapsulating a higher layer protocol packet, are received at a lower layer task of a first routing module. The method first determines a peer network element In response to failure of a higher layer protocol task of the first routing module. The higher layer and lower layer protocol sessions between a second routing module and the peer network element are terminated following the determination of the peer network element, wherein the second routing module functions as a backup of the first routing module. The method then initiates a switchover from the first routing module to the second routing module of the network element.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus, base station apparatus and communication terminal apparatus capable of predicting an accurate transmission rate before starting data communications to know download time and the like. In the apparatus, a packet CH demodulation section (103) demodulates received packet data. A pilot CH demodulation section (104) demodulates a received signal of a pilot channel. A reception state measuring section (105) measures the SIR from the received signal of the pilot channel. A transmission rate candidate selecting section (106) stores a calculation expression that associates CQI with SIR, and selects CQI by the calculation expression using the measured SIR. A transmission rate predicting section (108) averages selected CQI for a predetermined time to output a transmission rate prediction value. A transmission rate prediction control section (110) outputs information of the transmission rate prediction value to a display section (111) when detecting a key input.

Abstract: A packet forwarding apparatus wherein a routing control packet received from a network is forwarded to both active and standby routing modules, the standby routing module executes predetermined routing control information processing and sends identification information of the routing control packet to the active routing module, the active routing module executes predetermined routing control information processing, returns a response packet to a sender of the routing control packet, and determines a state of the standby routing module depending on whether an internal control packet has been received from the standby routing module and its contents.

Abstract: A switch fabric system comprises a first chassis for receiving a plurality of line cards each having a plurality of ports and at least two switch fabric cards wherein each line card comprises a plurality of link ports for linking the line card with the switch fabric card. Each switch fabric card provides a switching bandwidth. The system comprises a management unit for managing the traffic on the switch fabric cards wherein the management unit removes the traffic from one switch fabric card if the one switch fabric card is to be removed while the other switch fabric card operates and transfers the traffic to the other switch fabric card.

Abstract: A system and method for managing the multipath failover protocol of a storage area network that includes storage systems that include multiple ports and multiple storage controllers. A number of available storage paths between each server and each storage unit of the storage system are identified. A storage path is selected. In the event that the storage path becomes inoperable, an alternate storage path is selected in replacement of the inoperable storage path. The alternate storage path will be selected so that it does not include a storage controller that was part of the inoperable storage path.

Abstract: In an IP network, tabulating the number of data packets received from and/or sent to a particular IP address over time can provide a mechanism by which it is possible to determine or predict overloading of a node or nodes in an IP data network. By selectively deleting data packets received from a suspect source address or inhibiting the transmission of data packets to a suspect destination address, network management and control can be readily accomplished.

Abstract: A system and method for late-dropping packets in a network switch. A network switch may include multiple input ports, multiple output ports, and a shared random access memory coupled to the input ports and output ports by data transport logic. Packets entering the switch may be subject to input thresholding, and may be assigned to a flow within a group. A portion of a packet subject to input thresholding may be accepted into the switch and assigned to a group and flow even if, at the time of arrival of the portion, there are not enough resources available to receive the remainder of the packet. This partial receipt of the packet is allowed because of the possibility of additional resources becoming available between the time of receipt of and resource allocation for the portion of the packet and receipt of subsequent portions of the packet.

Abstract: A bundler, un-bundler and sequencer for use in controlling and driving opposing sets of logical or physical modems to drive multiple-subscriber lines with multiple communication channels. The sequencer determines subscriber requirements such as maximum and minimum bandwidth and quality of service. The sequencer also determines bandwidth availability and status of multiple subscriber lines from which a bundle may be formed. The bundler couple to the sequencer and implement header or headerless insertion of multiple channels in round robin sequence into the X-DSL frames at data rates which correspond with subscriber requirements. The un-bundler reverses the process of the bundler and passes the appropriate packet data onto the corresponding network.

Abstract: A system and method, e.g., Voice Proxy Server (VPS), is described for managing Voice over IP (VoIP) services between a NAT enabled private network and a public network such as the Internet. The VPS acts like the Call Agent to the nodes in the private network and it represents an embedded voice client to the real Call Agent in the public network. Each logical line of the VPS corresponds to a real voice line in the private node. VoIP signaling messages may be carried in the payload of the IP packets. VPS will properly translate IP address and/or port number information in the payload to correctly route the signaling data between networks. Additionally, VPS will forward the incoming Real Time Protocol (RTP) packets to the real destination in the private network.

Abstract: A wireless communication system having a Node B and a plurality of wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs), includes a contention-based uplink (UL) channel and at least one downlink (DL) physical channel. The UL channel supports UL transmissions from the WTRUs to the Node B. The UL channel is randomly accessed by a WTRU when the WTRU is ready to transmit data. The DL physical channel supports DL transmissions from the Node B to the WTRUs. The DL transmissions include an acquisition indicator and information regarding said acquisition indicator. The acquisition indicator confirms whether the data transmitted over said UL channel was successfully received by the Node B.

Abstract: A policy decision point for processing resource-reservation requests within a data network. It includes a software bus for communicating with management modules for processing the resource-reservation requests, and transmission of each resource-reservation request to one or more management modules, in application of a set of rules.

Abstract: A buffer storage memory data scheduler includes a write unit writing data objects to the memory, which unit receives data packets from a data source at a variable transmission rate, calculates attribute data for each received packet, and writes the packet data to the memory as a data object string including linked data objects. The string includes pointer data for linking the objects, calculated attribute data, and packet payload data. The write unit inserts filling objects into the memory between linked data objects to compensate for the variable rate when writing the string to the memory. The write unit increments a counter when the string is written. A time out signaling unit signals to a data processing unit that a buffer-stored data/filling object is ready to be read when the counter reaches a value. The signaling unit decrements the counter corresponding to the data in the object.

Abstract: A method of computing shortest paths in a weighted graph having vertices and an adjacency matrix with memory resources and a processor including (a) selecting integer weights; (b) carrying out a series of incrementations, an incrementation including finding a set of vertices to which one may arrive from a given set of vertices; (c) carrying out a series of decrementations, a decrementation including finding a set of vertices from which one may go to arrive to a given set of vertices; (d) causing the incrementations and decrementations to be carried out in any order; (e) transforming vectors of increments/decrements in paths, the paths making up a set E1 of the shortest paths in term of number of arcs or using a given number of arcs, Na; (f) selecting n-uple of paths C of lowest cost among set of paths E1; (g) calculating Nb=Na+1; (h) computing iteratively, while Nb?W(C) the following steps: i.

Abstract: Methods, configured storage media, and systems are provided for communications using two or more disparate networks in parallel to provide load balancing across network connections, greater reliability, and/or increased security. A controller provides access to two or more disparate networks in parallel, through direct or indirect network interfaces. When one attached network fails, the failure is sensed by the controller and traffic is routed through one or more other disparate networks. When all attached disparate networks are operating, one controller preferably balances the load between them.

Abstract: Described is a method for managing flow of protocol information in a node of a hierarchical network in which the protocol information is communicated between network nodes in topology state elements. The method comprises checking topology state elements generated by the node to identify protocol information encapsulated therein, and selectively allowing transmittal of the topology state elements from the node to lower levels of the network based on the protocol information identified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for simulating at least one item of equipment missing on an AFDX network and for testing such a network comprising at least one real item of equipment, which uses non-specific computer means including: a simulation layer (21) controlling at least one Ethernet controller (22), at least one commercially available Ethernet switch (42) to switch data.

Abstract: Interference Measurements in a Wireless Communications SystemA method and a transmitting unit for performing an interference measurement in a multiple access wireless communications system utilizing a carrier sensing technique is described. In accordance with the carrier sensing technique, it is monitored during a sensing period (Tmin) if a carrier is idle. A continuous or quasi-continuous interference measurement is performed on the carrier during a measurement period (TM) which is typically longer than the sensing period (Tmin). While performing the interference measurement, pulses are transmitted on the carrier such that an interval between the end of a pulse and the beginning of the next pulse is typically shorter than the sensing period (Tmin). The interference measurements preferably relate to detection of interference from radar signals or radar like signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for data-signal quality control, a related receiver and a related transmitter in an XDSL communications system, where this XDSL communications system comprises a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is coupled to the receiver over an XDSL line, over which the transmitter sends a data-signal on a plurality of data carriers for carrying this data-signal from the transmitter to the receiver. This receiver analyses a quality of the data-signal received by the receiver and subsequently requests the transmitter, in case this quality of the data-signal is beneath a predefined level to improve the quality of the data-signal, by performing an equal transmit power increase over a plurality of the data-carriers. The transmitter in response to the requesting improves the data-signal by performing an equal transmit power increase over at this plurality of data-carriers.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling the number of computations involved in computing the allocation of resources given resource constraints. According to one embodiment, a set of existing constraints for providing the resources is received. An adjustable parameter for reducing the number of computations is received. A complexity-scalable resource-allocator is executed where the complexity-scalable resource-allocator computes an estimated constraint for providing a resource, at least in part, by dividing an existing constraint for providing the resource by the adjustable parameter, rounding down, and multiplying by the adjustable parameter, wherein the estimated constraint is used to optimally allocate the resources.

Abstract: A routing method is used to establish a data transfer path between a source node and a destination node in wireless networks having a tree structure. If a relay node relaying a data transfer receives data to be forwarded from a source node to a destination node, the routing table is searched to check whether the routing table stores information on a path to the destination node, and the received data is forwarded along a corresponding path if the path information to the destination node exists. However, if the information on a path to the destination node does not exist in the routing table, the routing table is searched to check whether the routing table stores information on a path to a parent node of the destination node, and; if the path information exists, the received data is forwarded along the path to the parent node.