Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for oxidizing a primary amidoalcohol to the corresponding amidocarboxylic acid in high yield.

Abstract: A process for preparing an organic target compound by heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation of an organic precursor compound with molecular oxygen in two oxidation reactor lines operated in parallel and removal of the target compound from the mixture of the product gas streams in a workup line, wherein the catalyst charge of one of the oxidation lines comprises a portion of catalyst over which the heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation has already been carried out for longer than over the portions of catalyst of the catalyst charge of the other oxidation reactor line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sequence for the preparation of amino acids, for example alpha-amino acids, in particular methionine, by making use of an amidocarbonylation reaction in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl catalyst and separating the catalyst in the form of a Co(N-amino acid)2 compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high yield process to prepare high purity crystalline glycolic acid using a multi-loop crystallization process characterized by high liquid and/or solid recycle, said process suitable for large scale purification and producing high purity glycolic acid with low diglycolic acid content.

Abstract: Citric acid is separated from a fermentation broth containing gluconic acid by using an adsorbent comprising a water-insoluble, macroreticular or gel, strongly or weakly basic anionic exchange resin possessing quaternary or tertiary amine functional groups, said a anionic exchange resin having a cross-linked acrylic or styrene resin matrix and a desorbent comprising water or dilute sulfuric acid. The pH of the feed is maintained below the first ionization constant (pKa1) of citric acid to maintain selectivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to 4-{(1R)-2-[(6-{2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]ethoxy}hexyl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl}-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol; and salts and solvates thereof, including those which are pharmaceutically acceptable, along with formulations thereof, combinations thereof, and methods for the treatment or prophylaxis of mammals by administering such compounds.

Abstract: Novel cyclohexyl-1,4-diamine compounds corresponding to formula I, processes for the production thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, methods of producing pharmaceutical compositions including these compounds and related methods of treating or inhibiting certain diseases or conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a two-step process for the preparation of guanidinium salts of the formula (1), where the substituents R have a meaning indicated in Claim, and A? is a sulfonate, alkyl- or arylsulfate, hydrogensulfate, imide, methanide, carboxylate, phosphate, phosphinate, phosphonate, borate, thiocyanate, perchlorate, fluorosilicate or nitrate, and to intermediate compounds from this process.

Abstract: Novel ligand compounds that activate RAR receptors have the following structural formula (I): and are suited for formulation into pharmaceutical compositions useful in human or veterinary medicine, or, alternatively, into cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: The compound 2-[(1R)-3-(diisopropylamino)-1-phenylpropyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenol may be used to prepare the compound (3R)-3-[2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium bromide by reaction with methyl bromide.

Abstract: The present invention provides enantiomerically pure (R)-(?)-tomoxetine (S)-(+)-mandelate and atomoxetine HCl. The present invention further provides enantiomerically pure (R)-(?)-tomoxetine (S)-(+)-mandelate prepared from racemic tomoxetine. The present invention also provides enantiomerically pure atomoxetine HCl prepared from (R)-(?)-tomoxetine (S)-(+)-mandelate.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved processes for the preparation of atomoxetine hydrochloride under reaction conditions that improve reaction yields and facilitate commercial synthesis. In particular, the invention is directed to the synthesis of atomoxetine HCl by adding HCl to a mixture of (R)-(?)-tomoxetine (S)-(+)-mandelate with an organic solvent, with or without a base and water. In preferred embodiments, the atomoxetine hydrochloride produced is Form A.

Abstract: The invention disclosed a new process of asymmetric alkynylation of ketone or ketimine, involving the chiral ligand-mediated asymmetric addition of zinc or copper acetylide to a trifluoromethyl ketone or ketimine intermediate to give a chiral tertiary proparglic alcohols or amines. The adduct compounds include the key precursors to the potent HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor Efavirenz (DMP 266), DPC 961 and DPC 083. The invention also disclosed a novel chiral amino alcohol ligand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new, selective process for the preparation of mono- and bisacylphosphanes of formula (I) n and m are each independently of the other 1 or 2; R1, if n=1, is e.g. phenyl R1, if n=2, is e.g. C1-C18alkylene or phenylene; R2 is e. g. C1-C18alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl; R3 is e. g. C1-C18alkyl, by (1) reacting a phosphorous halide of formula IIa or a phosphorous halide oxide of formula (IIb) or a phosphorous halide sulfide of formula (IIc) with an alkali metal in a solvent in the presence of a proton source; (2) subsequent reaction with m acid halides of formula (III) An oxidation step may follow to obtain mono- and bisacylphosphane oxides or mono- and bisacylphosphane sulfides.

Abstract: A method for producing menatetrenone that does not have a deleterious influence on the environment, that is safe even when applied to large-scale production, and that is also simple to operate, wherein a compound represented by the following formula (1) is produced by treating with an oxygen source, and without the addition of an additive other than water or aqueous sodium chloride solution, a reaction solution consisting essentially of a solution of a compound represented by the following formula (2) dissolved in a solvent:

Abstract: The present invention primarily relates to the use of an aldehyde, substituted in alpha position by an alkyl residue, of the formula having (I) a total of 13 C atoms, wherein R means an unbranched alkyl residue having 6, 7, 8 or 9 C atoms and R? means an unbranched alkyl residue having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, or (II) a total of 15 C atoms, wherein R means an unbranched alkyl residue having 8, 9, 10 or 11 C atoms and R? means an unbranched alkyl residue having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, or a blend comprising or consisting of two, three or more such aldehydes of type (I) and/or (II), as an odoriferous or aroma substance.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) by oxidizing cumene in a liquid phase in a reactor in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, wherein the oxygen content of the whole gas fed into the liquid phase in the reactor is adjusted to 22 to 50 mol % and the oxidation is carried out under the condition that: (1) the CHP production per unit volume of the reaction fluid in the reactor is at least 22 kg/m3/hr, (2) the oxygen content of the exhaust gas from the reactor is 2 to 10 mol %, or (3) the oxygen-containing gas is fed into the reactor by the use of a sparger whose aperture pitch is at least twice the aperture diameter. The process enhances CHP production per unit volume of the reaction fluid in the reactor, thus downsizing the reactor permitting required CHP production or enabling increased CHP production in an existing reactor.

Abstract: The invention is a method of purifying a propylene glycol monoalkyl ether containing carbonyl impurities which comprises contacting the propylene glycol monoalkyl ether stream in the liquid phase with a carbon adsorbent, and recovering a purified propylene glycol monoalkyl ether product. The purification method improves product quality and reduces the amount of carbonyl impurities in the propylene glycol monoalkyl ether.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the catalytic hydrogenation of methylol alkanals of general formula (I), where R1 and R2 independently represent an additional methylol group or an alkyl group having with 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group with 1 to 22 C atoms, or an aryl group or aralkyl group with 6 to 33 carbon atoms, in the liquid phase on a hydrogenation catalyst. The inventive method is characterized in that a pH value ranging between 6.3 and 7.

Abstract: Fluorinated pentacene derivatives, for example, the novel compounds tetradecafluoropentacene, 5,6,7,12,13,14-hexafluoropentacene, 5,7,12,14-tetrafluoropentacene, and 6,13-difluoropentacene, and intermediates therefor are provided. And a method of producing fluorinated pentacene derivatives and intermediates therefor is also provided. Pentacene derivatives fluorinated at desired positions of the pentacene skeleton are obtained by introducing the oxo group, hydroxyl group, or alkoxyl group into the pentacene skeleton followed by fluorination with sulfur tetrafluoride and partial defluorination using a reducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of formula (V) where R is H or F, by reacting a compound of formula (IV) where R is H or F, with hydrogen sulphide or salts thereof, optionally in the presence of a reaction auxiliary and optionally in the presence of a diluent.

Abstract: Low-value mixed butanes are processed to obtain a high yield of high-purity para-xylene. Processing steps may comprise fractionation to recover isobutane, dehydrogenation of the isobutane to isobutene, dimerization of the isobutene to obtain C8 iso-olefins and isoparaffins, aromatization of the dimerized C8 product, and recovery of high-purity para-xylene from the dimerized product by low-intensity crystallization. The availability of isobutane may be increased by isomerization of normal butane. Each of the processing steps may be tailored to the overall objective of high para-xylene yield from a relatively inexpensive feedstock.

Abstract: An integrated isomerization-alkylation process is disclosed that uses a common distillation zone. The process can comprise halogen removal. The process is suitable for the production of motor fuels from isoparaffins and olefins using solid alkylation and isomerization catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing an alkylated aromatic compound. The inventive method is characterized in that it comprises an alkylation reaction of an aromatic compound with an alkylating agent which is selected from an olefin, an alcohol and a polyalkylated aromatic compound, in the presence of a catalyst which is a porous crystalline material with the following chemical composition in the calcined form: X2O3:n YO2:m ZO2, wherein (n+m) is at least 5, X is at least a trivalent element, Z is Ge, Y is at least a tetravalent element different from Ge and the n/m ratio is at least 1. Said method is particularly suitable for obtaining cumene.

Abstract: A process for producing a PX-rich product comprises (a) separating a feedstock containing C8 hydrocarbons to produce a C8 hydrocarbons rich stream; (b) separating at least a first portion of the C8 hydrocarbons rich stream to produce a first PX-rich stream and a first PX-depleted stream; (c) isomerizing at least a portion of the first PX-depleted stream to produce a first isomerized stream having a higher PX concentration than the first PX-depleted stream; (d) separating a second portion of the C8 hydrocarbons rich stream and/or at least a portion of the first isomerized stream to produce a second PX-rich stream and a second PX-depleted stream; (e) isomerizing at least a portion of the second PX-depleted stream to produce a second isomerized stream having a higher PX concentration than the second PX-depleted stream; (f) recovering at least a portion of at least one of the first and second PX-rich streams as PX-rich product; and (g) supplying at least a portion of at least one of the first isomerized stream, t

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing high-purity isobutene from industrial methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and the economical utilization of the secondary streams.

Abstract: Improved processing of spent catalyst from an oxygenate-containing feedstock to olefins conversion process is realized through the employment of a barrier filter to treat a catalyst particle-containing flue gas resulting from a catalyst regenerator. The barrier filter serves to separate the catalyst particles from the flue gas. Catalyst material so recovered can, with or without classifying, subsequently be appropriately recycled and further used.

Abstract: This invention provides in vivo and in vitro methods of screening for an agent or a combination of agents that reduces one or more repetitive behaviors, comprising contacting neuronal cells of an animal with a HOXB8 gene mutation with the agent combination of agents to be screened, and determining whether one or more repetitive behaviors of the animal is reduced or whether one or more biochemical correlates of repetitive behaviors is reduced, the reduction in one or more repetitive behaviors or biochemical correlates indicating an agent or combination of agents that reduces repetitive behaviors. The invention also provides method of treating a subject with repetitive behaviors, comprising administering a therapeutically effective dose of the agent or combination of agents identified by the screening method.

Abstract: This invention provides the genes for indeterminate gametophyte (ig1), mutants of ig1, homologs of ig1, and orthologs of ig1, as well as the proteins encoded by these genes. This invention also provides compositions and methods which utilize these genes and proteins. Such methods include the creation of transgenic plants with antisense or expression constructs which comprise a nucleotide sequence derived from ig1.

Abstract: A transgenic plant transformed by a transcription factor stress-related protein (TFSRP) coding nucleic acid, wherein expression of the nucleic acid sequence in the plant results in increased tolerance to environmental stress as compared to a wild type variety of the plant. Also provided are agricultural products, including seeds, produced by the transgenic plants. Also provided are isolated TFSRP, and isolated nucleic acid coding TFSRP, and vectors and host cells containing the latter. Further provided are methods of producing transgenic plants expressing TFSRP, methods of increasing expression of other genes of interest using the TFSRP, methods of identifying novel TFSRP, and methods of modifying the expression of TFSRP in plants.

Abstract: An isolated peptide having an amino acid sequence FWGHIWNAVKRVGANALHGAVTGALS (SEQ ID No. 1), its derivatives and its fragments containing at least 7 amino acids.

Abstract: Nucleic acid sequences from potato that encode the enzyme ?-solanine/?-chaconine rhamnosyltransferase (SGT3) are disclosed. Recombinant DNA molecules containing the sequences, and use thereof, in particular, use of the sequences and antisense constructs to inhibit the production of SGT3 and thereby reduce levels of the predominant steroidal glycoalkaloids ?-chaconine and ?-solanine in Solanaceous plants such as potato are described.

Abstract: This invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid fragment encoding a plant cysteine ? synthase. The invention also relates to the construction of a chimeric gene encoding all or a portion of the plant cysteine ? synthase, in sense or antisense orientation, wherein expression of the chimeric gene results in production of altered levels of the plant biosynthetic enzyme in a transformed host cell.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided a novel soybean variety designated XB22N06. This invention thus relates to the seeds of soybean variety XB22N06, to the plants of soybean XB22N06 to plant parts of soybean variety XB22N06 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing plants of the soybean variety XB22N06 with another soybean plant, using XB22N06 as either the male or the female parent.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 6600375 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 6600375, to the plants of soybean 6600375, to plant parts of soybean cultivar 6600375 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean cultivar 6600375 with itself or with another soybean variety. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. This invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars and plant parts derived from soybean variety 6600375, to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 6600375 and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants and plant parts produced by crossing the cultivar 6600375 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A novel garden bean cultivar, designated H 24956, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of garden bean cultivar H24956, to the plants of garden bean line H24956 and to methods for producing a bean plant by crossing the cultivar H24956 with itself or another bean line. The invention further relates to methods for producing a bean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic plants produced by that method and to methods for producing other garden bean lines derived from the cultivar H24956.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the corn variety designated I291289. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety I291289, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety I291289 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to corn seeds and plants produced by crossing plants of variety I291289 with plants of another variety, such as another inbred line. The invention further relates to the inbred and hybrid genetic complements of plants of variety I291289.

Abstract: A novel inbred maize variety designated PHEWB and seed, plants and plant parts thereof. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprise crossing inbred maize variety PHEWB with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into PHEWB through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. Hybrid maize seed, plant or plant part produced by crossing the inbred variety PHEWB or a trait conversion of PHEWB with another maize variety. Inbred maize varieties derived from inbred maize variety PHEWB, methods for producing other inbred maize varieties derived from inbred maize variety PHEWB and the inbred maize varieties and their parts derived by the use of those methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides an actuation system for the pedal system of a keyboard instrument. The system includes an actuator with block of ferromagnetic material having a bore, a coil disposed in the bore, and a piston surrounded by the coil, the piston is in mechanical communication with a pedal rod. When the actuator is energized, the piston moves relative to the coil, thereby moving the rod.

Abstract: A support for a body of a stringed instrument includes a brace structure having a plurality of legs radially disposed about a central body. The brace structure has a substantially flat first surface. A portion of the plurality of legs conforms to a soundhole opening which is integrated into the body of the stringed instrument. A brace for a body of a guitar includes a unitary structure adapted to mount to a soundboard of the guitar. The unitary structure has a plurality of arms radially disposed about a central body. A method of assembling a guitar includes mounting a brace structure to a soundboard of the guitar. Again, the brace structure has a plurality of legs radially disposed about a central body.

Abstract: An improved wind instrument incorporating several innovative design features that collectively enhance the sound and playability of a wind instrument including a footjoint section in which low B is normally closed and is opened only when low C is sounded. Additional improvements include the tone of the instrument in the third octave, especially high G#, high F# high B and high C and the introduction of a low B key that does not have to be pressed for notes in the third octave. Finally, a wind instrument with a tapered bore in the body combined with a tapered bore in the headjoint to improve the intonation match between octaves even more than is possible with a tapered headjoint alone.

Abstract: A wind instrument with improved tonal characteristics by positioning an octave hole, an octave key mechanism, and/or a water key on a surface of the wind instrument that is not a tone-rich region. The wind instrument may be a woodwind instrument such as a saxophone or a brass instrument such as a trumpet. The octave hole may be placed on a concave portion of a curve in the wind instrument. The octave hole may be covered by an octave key mechanism that opens the octave hole using the same fingering that would open an octave key in a typical wind instrument. The water key may be placed on a portion of the body of the wind instrument that is not a tone-rich region of the wind instrument.

Abstract: A device for keeping the D# (D Sharp) tone hole open hence corresponding pad cup of a saxophone drier is described. According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the device is a key clamp for holding down the D# key such that the D# pad cup can be kept open when the saxophone is not being played. The device is made of a continuous wire having a first segment having a first end, and a second segment having a second end, said first segment and said second segment are oriented substantially perpendicular to each other but non-coplanar, wherein said first segment has a form of an unsymmetrical S-shape, and said second segment has a form of a substantially closed loop.

Abstract: A banjo tensioner is provided in which wave springs inserted between the flange and the nuts operate to maintain a constant tension on the banjo hooks. The invention also contemplates using a wave spring as placed between the washer that applies pressure to the rim and the top coordinator rod nut to maintain the pressure on the inside of the rim. The tensioner may also be used on a drum.

Abstract: An electronic drum comprises a pad comprising a body portion made of a polymeric elastic material such as a rubber or a thermoplastic elastomer, and a surface layer portion which is bonded with the body portion so as to cover the body portion, the surface layer portion being made of a polymeric material having an elastic modulus of 0.5 to 20 GPa.

Abstract: A snare drum strainer includes a switch stand, a brake part, a suspender steady base and a pull handle driven part. The brake part can slide inside the switch stand and also can move upward and downward. The suspender steady base is steady located at a lower end of the brake part for clipping multiple snares. The pull handle driven part is pivotally coupled to the switch stand for controlling the brake part to be ascending and descending. The brake part makes use of a self-lubricating bearing and a shaft sleeve to generate a self-lubricating effect. Further, the pull handle driven part makes use of a bolt and a spacer to have the pull handle, the driven buttons and the driven pole pivotal coupled together. When the suspender steady base is in use, friction can be reduced, so as to enhance the fluid movement and further reduce the noise.

Abstract: An improved mallet for percussive musical instruments comprises, in one embodiment, a shaft (1100, 1200, etc.), an adapter or inner core (300, 1400), an elastomeric surrounding core (400), and an elastomeric core overlay (1200). Optionally a cover (1300), or optionally two simultaneously-wound layers of yarn or other wrapping material (1705, 1710) are attached over the assembly. The adapter or inner core and the elastomeric surrounding core are formed together in molds (700, 900). Yarns are wrapped either by hand or with the use of a wrapping machine comprising a rotary motive source, a chuck (1810), and wrapping arms (1825, 1830) for interweaving the layers of yarn. In an alternative embodiment the adapter has a through-hole to permit extension of the shaft through the adapter to near the top of the mallet head. Numerous percussive sound effects are achieved by selection of the properties of the adapter or inner core, surrounding core, overlay, and yarn layers.

Abstract: A solid drumstick tapers towards its balance point to redistribute weight at its shoulder and butt sections. A diameter of the shoulder and the butt portions increases or decreases in a consistent manner so as to not change the drumstick's balance point, but in a manner that still provides a means to move the mass outwards. A flared butt portion is less likely to cause slippage.

Abstract: A main case body of a musical instrument, which is capable of securing a degree of freedom of design. A case structure includes a lower front case, a lower rear case, and an upper case. The lower front case has a keyboard unit mounted therein. A bottom part extends in a front-rear direction of the lower front case. A key supporting part is formed such that it rises from the rear of the bottom part of the lower front case and extends in the key arrangement direction. A stopper body for stopping a free end of each key is formed such that it rises from the front of the bottom part of the lower front case and extends in the key arrangement direction. A battery case is formed by six battery terminal-associated parts arranged side by side for batteries between the key support part and the stopper body.

Abstract: An improved musical notation system, which uses a staff patterned upon the standard piano keyboard. It replaces the Grand Staff's system of lines and spaces with a system of “pitch stripes” of two colors arranged in the same pattern as the black and white keys of the standard piano keyboard. Music scores, especially those for keyboard music, produced with the art are significantly easier to understand and sight-read. The art further incorporates positional numerical music notes to marry positional notation and numerical notation of music in the same musical score. The art further facilitates a method by which music scores of the same music in different keys can be obtained easily by moving all markings and notes collectively up or down the staff.