Abstract: A data center includes an enclosure defining an interior space, a medium voltage power distribution system in the interior space, a plurality of transformers in the interior space, and a plurality of groups of racks in the interior space. The medium voltage power distribution system is electrically connected to a medium voltage power source outside the enclosure and includes a plurality of interconnected medium voltage power access units. Each transformer is electrically connected to an associated medium voltage power access unit and configured to step-down medium voltage power from the associated power access unit to low voltage power. Each rack includes a plurality of rack-mounted computers. Each group of racks is electrically connected to an associated transformer or to an adjacent rack or group of racks such that the associated transformer provides low voltage power to the group of racks.

Abstract: A device for inverting an electric parameter in the field of power transmission and distribution has a converter that can be connected between an alternating current grid and a DC circuit and having power semiconductor valves extending between an alternating current connection and a DC voltage connection. Each power semiconductor valve has a series circuit of bipolar submodules, each with an energy storage device and a power semiconductor circuit in parallel with the energy storage device, and a grid connection unit connected to the alternating current connection for connecting to the alternating current grid. Simple, effective, and inexpensive symmetrization of the voltages in the DC voltage circuit relative to ground potential is brought about. A star point reactor is connected between the grid connection unit and the inverter with a potential node, including throttle coils connected to a grounded star point.

Abstract: There is provided a movable iron core linear actuator, which includes a magnetic circuit (mc) which causes a moving element (2) to reciprocate. The magnetic circuit (mc) includes an iron core (20) constituting the moving element (2), a stator core (10) including a facing portion (10c) which faces the iron core (20), a pair of permanent magnets (12a, 12b) disposed in the facing portion (10c) along a reciprocating direction and having inverted magnetic poles at their surfaces which face the iron core, and a coil (11) wound around the stator core (10). Energization to coil (11) causes the moving element (2) to reciprocate. When the coil (11) is not energized, offset force (F4) is applied to the moving element (2) by the magnetic flux produced by the permanent magnets (12a, 12b).

Abstract: A linear actuator displaces a relative position between a guide rail and a slide table, which is arranged in confronting relation to the guide rail. Projections are formed on opposite end sides of the guide rail, the projections extending along a direction of displacement and projecting toward the slide table. The slide table is disposed between the projections on the opposite end sides of the guide rail, with rigid balls being interposed therebetween. Guide grooves and guide grooves, which rollably support the balls, are provided on the projections on the opposite end sides of the guide rail and on the slide table. The guide grooves and the guide grooves apply, on the balls, a pressure caused by a magnetic attractive force of permanent magnets.

Abstract: An electric motor for operating a small electric device is disclosed. The electric motor includes at least one first oscillatory motor component; an inductor for producing a magnetic field; and a first magnet arrangement including a first permanent magnet that generates a force for activating a rotatory oscillating movement (R) of the at least one first oscillatory motor component around a rotating axis (z). The at least one first oscillatory motor component and the first magnet arrangement are configured such that a magnetic reluctance torque acting between the first oscillatory motor component and the first permanent magnet operates as a righting moment for the rotatory oscillating movement (R).

Abstract: A clutch including a rotatable member including a first ramp and first teeth, a second member held against rotation, axially displaceable, including a second ramp and second teeth, a spring urging the first and second members apart, and an electromagnet causing the first and second teeth to engage and prevent rotation in a first direction, rotation in a second direction separating the first and second members as the first ramp ascends the second ramp.

Abstract: A resistance to ground monitoring system for a magnetic bearing is disclosed. The system includes a dummy bearing arranged in a cooling loop and having a dummy bearing coil made up of an electrical winding that is configured to detect the resistance to ground for the dummy bearing coil. The electrical winding is communicably coupled to a sensing device that monitors the resistance to ground for the dummy bearing coil. Since the magnetic bearing is arranged within the same cooling loop, the resistance to ground for the dummy bearing coil is indicative of a resistance to ground for the radial bearing coils of the magnetic bearing.

Abstract: [Problem] To allow for an increase in the output of an energy conversion device having a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in a ring shape. [Solution] A cover (3) is attached to a ring-shaped magnet holder (2) in which permanent magnets (1) are housed. An extended portion of the cover (3) is supported by a wheel (6). The wheel (6) is in contact with the extended portion of the cover (3) and the bottom surface of a case (5). Thereby, the magnet holder (2) can be rotated lightly even when the weight of the magnet holder (2) increases with the increase in the number of the permanent magnets (1) housed in the magnet holder (2). Thus, an energy conversion device (100) can produce more energy from the energy supplied, and thereby enhance the output.

Abstract: An axial flux Halbach rotor comprise: a first magnet set and a second magnet set. Further comprises: a plurality of first magnets that are respective featured by their respective first magnetizing directions and are arranged interconnecting to each other by the use of a first connecting element while allowing any two neighboring first magnets to be spaced from each other by a first distance; and the second magnet set further comprises: a plurality of second magnets that are respectively featured by their respective second magnetizing directions and are arranged interconnecting to each other by the use of a second connecting element while allowing any two neighboring second magnets to be spaced from each other by a second distance. In addition, the first magnet set and the second magnet set are arranged inlaid into each other while allowing the plural first magnets and the plural second magnets to be dispose alternatively.

Abstract: A permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine includes a rotor having a rotor core. Magnet holes circumferentially arranged at regular intervals in the rotor core include pairs of first magnet holes and pairs of second magnet holes. Each pair of first magnet holes are symmetric with respect to an imaginary line extending through a rotor core center. Each pair of second magnet holes are located on a radially inner side of the rotor core and are symmetric with respect to the imaginary line. Each pair of second magnet holes are located on an inner circumferential side of the paired first magnet holes with respect to a radial direction of the rotor core. A first magnet angle made by permanent magnets located in each pair of first magnet holes is larger than a second magnet angle made by permanent magnets located in each pair of second magnet holes.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, a multi-content composition pipeline encrypts protected video streams that may be utilized as part of a composite window using different encryption keys so that each encrypted video stream has a unique security domain. The protected video streams may be received as encrypted and compressed video streams that are decrypted and decoded (decompressed) and then the decompressed video streams may be encrypted. The encryption keys used to encrypt the decompressed video stream may be related to the encryption keys used to decrypt the corresponding encrypted compressed video stream. The encrypted decompressed video streams are stored in memory until they are needed for generating the composite window at which point they are read from memory and decrypted. The composite window is generated from the decrypted uncompressed video streams and possibly other content in real time and thus is not stored in memory prior to transmission to a display.

Abstract: An induction motor has a rotor core including a plurality of conductor bars and a shorting end ring having a plurality of grooves aligned with and mated to the first ends of the conductor bars. The rotor core further includes a cylindrically shaped steel laminate stack including a plurality of longitudinal grooves distributed around the periphery of the steel laminate stack. The conductor bars are each located in one of the plurality of longitudinal grooves and each includes a first end projecting from a first end of the steel laminate stack. The rotor core further includes an end sheet located to the end of the steel laminate stack, the end sheet including a retention feature configured to retain the shorting end ring to the end sheet.

Abstract: An electrical machine stator assembly comprises: an electroconductive coil arranged circumferentially with respect to the rotational axis; a plurality of pairs of side lamination assemblies arranged circumferentially with respect to the rotational axis; a plurality of pairs of switch lamination assemblies arranged circumferentially with respect to the rotational axis and positioned adjacent ends of side lamination assemblies proximal the rotor; and at least one tooth associated with each switch lamination assembly and proximal the rotor. Each switch lamination assembly comprises a first group of laminated materials aligned generally circumferentially and generally in a first direction with respect to the rotational axis, the first direction being one selected from the group consisting of the axial and radial directions with respect to the rotational axis.

Abstract: A motor is provided for use in a machine. The motor includes a segmented stator comprising magnetically isolated core segments.

Abstract: The permanent magnet type electrical rotating machine has an overhung rotor support structure in which a shaft of a rotor is supported at only one end side thereof by a bearing provided on one side of a casing of the electrical rotating machine. Another end side of the rotor shaft to be a bearing support-free side is capable of being joined to an end of a shaft of a prime mover via a flange formed at an end of the shaft. The rotor shaft is configured such that, upon a state of not being coupled to the prime mover shaft, the flange on the bearing support-free side is joined to an end face of the casing through a retaining member to be prevented from moving in any of an axial, radial and circumferential directions of the rotor shaft.

Abstract: Provided is an actuator simultaneously having better deformation response characteristics and larger generative force. The actuator includes a pair of opposing electrodes and an intermediate layer disposed therebetween. The intermediate layer contains at least an electrolyte and includes at least a polymer fiber layer. The polymer fiber layer includes a plurality of polymer fibers crossing each other and intertwined three-dimensionally. The polymer fiber layer has fused portions at intersections of the polymer fibers.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator includes a stacked body composed of internal electrodes and piezoelectric layers which are stacked on each other; and a surface electrode disposed on at least one of main surfaces of the stacked body so as to be electrically connected to the internal electrodes. The internal electrodes each includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The stacked body has an active section in which the first electrodes and the second electrodes of the internal electrodes are arranged so as to overlap each other in a stacking direction thereof, and an inactive section which is every section of the stacked body other than the active section. An internal electrode placed on a one-main-surface side of the internal electrodes is configured so that its end part situated near a boundary between the active section and the inactive section is curved toward the other main surface.

Abstract: Described is a proximity sensor used by an operation robot that may measure a proximity distance to an object using an ultrasonic wave in a device such as an operation robot, an endoscope, and the like, and a method of operating the proximity sensor which may be used by an operation robot. The proximity sensor used by the operation robot may include an inner wall provided in a circular structure to secure a cavity within the circular structure, a piezoelectric polymer film disposed outside the inner wall to generate an ultrasonic signal, and to sense the ultrasonic signal, and an outer wall disposed outside the piezoelectric polymer film to propagate the ultrasonic signal via an open window, thereby preventing a collision between devices or an unnecessary contact, and providing a more stable operation environment.

Abstract: There is provided a piezoelectric/electrostrictive element 1 comprising a piezoelectric/electrostrictive body 30 made of a piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramic composition containing Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3—PbTiO3—PbZrO3 ternary solid solution system composition as the main components, and an electrode disposed on the piezoelectric/electrostrictive body, wherein the ternary solid solution system composition is represented by the following composition formula: (Pb1-xSrx)?{(Ti1-yZry)a(Ni?/3Nb2/3)b(Al?/2Nb1/2)c}O3 (where 0.005?x?0.03, 0.45?y?0.54, 0.58?a?0.91, 0.07?b?0.36, 0.02?c?0.08, 0.97???1.03, 0.97???1.03, 0.97???1.03, and (a+b+c=1.000)).

Abstract: A piezoelectric device according to the present invention is provided with a first electrode film, a first nonmetal electroconductive intermediate film provided on the first electrode film, a piezoelectric film provided on the first nonmetal electroconductive intermediate film, a second nonmetal electroconductive intermediate film provided on the piezoelectric film, and a second electrode film provided on the second nonmetal electroconductive intermediate film. A linear expansion coefficient of the first nonmetal electroconductive intermediate film is larger than those of the first electrode film and the piezoelectric film, and a linear expansion coefficient of the second nonmetal electroconductive intermediate film is larger than those of the second electrode film and the piezoelectric film.

Abstract: An AT-cut quartz plate having chamfered ridge portions and an almost rectangular shape in planar view, wherein a resonance frequency is equal to or larger than 7 MHz and equal to or smaller than 9 MHz, lengths of long and short sides of the rectangular shape are equal to or larger than 1.5 mm and equal to or smaller than 2.4 mm, and equal to or larger than a frequency difference between primary vibration and sub-vibration is equal to or larger than 975 kHz and equal to or smaller than 1,015 kHz.

Abstract: Provided are a piezoelectric vibrating piece, a piezoelectric vibrator, an oscillator, an electronic device, and a radio-controlled timepiece which can effectively suppress the vibration leakage while maintaining sufficient rigidity of the piezoelectric vibrating piece without making the piezoelectric vibrating piece large-sized. A chamfered portion is formed on corner portions of a connecting portion 21 on a narrow width portion side on both sides in the widthwise direction (Y direction). Due to such chamfered portions, a cross-sectional area (width size) of the connecting portion is gradually reduced toward the narrow width portion from a distal end side (vibrating arm portion side). The chamfered portion may be formed such that an angle ? with respect to side surfaces on both sides of the connecting portion becomes 60° (?=60°).

Abstract: A piezoelectric vibrator is provided in which a piezoelectric vibrating piece is accommodated in a package, the piezoelectric vibrating piece including: a pair of vibrating arm sections; a base section to which each base end of the pair of vibrating arm sections is connected; and a support arm section that is connected to the base section between the pair of vibrating arm sections and extends from the base section to the same side as the vibrating arm sections, in which the piezoelectric vibrating piece is supported within the package in mount sections provided in the support arm section, and in which the mount sections are provided in a region which is defined between a position of which a distance from an end section of the base section opposite to the side where the support arm section is connected to the side of a leading end of the support arm section is 25% of a width dimension of the base section along the width direction and a position of which the distance is 65% of the width dimension.

Abstract: An igniter for an internal combustion engine includes a center electrode, an insulator disposed about the center electrode, and a ground shield or a threaded portion disposed about the insulator, wherein the insulator includes a tip portion extending past an end portion of the ground shield and a tip portion of the center electrode extending through and away from the tip portion of the insulator. The igniter further includes a cap secured to the center electrode, wherein the cap extends past and covers a distal end of the tip portion of the center electrode and a distal end of the tip portion of the insulator. A spark gap is disposed between a peripheral edge of the cap and the end portion of the ground shield or threaded portion wherein the peripheral edge of the cap is spaced away from a surface of the tip portion of the insulator.

Abstract: The spark plug has a configuration satisfying the relationships of B?0.7A and 0.3 mm?A?0.6 mm, where B is an axial thickness along the central axis line Q of the weld portion formed between the base material electrode and the noble-metal chip, and A is an axial distance along the central axis line Q between the intersection points P3 and X. The intersection point P3 is a point at which a phantom axis line radially distant from the central axis line Q by D/2 (D being a diameter of the noble-metal chip) intersects with the boundary line between the weld portion and the noble-metal chip. The intersection point X is a point at which an extension of the contour line of the base material electrode in the vicinity of the weld portion intersects with a boundary line between the weld portion and the base material electrode.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, an end-Hall ion source has an electron emitting cathode, an anode, a reflector, an internal pole piece, an external pole piece, a magnetically permeable path, and a magnetic-field generating means located in the permeable path between the two pole pieces. The anode and reflector are enclosed without contact by a thermally conductive cup that has internal passages through which a cooling fluid can flow. The closed end of the cup is located between the reflector and the internal pole piece and the opposite end of the cup is in direct contact with the external pole piece, and wherein the cup is made of a material having a low microhardness, such as copper or aluminum.

Abstract: A wave-length conversion inorganic member can includes a base body and an inorganic particle layer on the base body. The inorganic particle layer can include particles of an inorganic wave-length conversion substance which is configured to absorb light of a first wave-length and to emit light of a second wave-length different from the first wave-length. The inorganic particle layer can include an agglomerate of a plurality of the particles. Each of the plurality of the particles are in contact with at least one of the other particles or the base body. A cover layer comprises an inorganic material, and the cover layer continuously covers a surface of the base body and surfaces of the particles. The inorganic particle layer has an interstice enclosed by the particles, or by the particles and one of the base body and the cover layer.

Abstract: Silicon substrate having (100) crystal orientation can be wet etched to form (111) sharp tip pyramids. The sharp tip pyramids can be used to fabricate electrodes for flat panel displays, such as a plasma display panel or a field emission display.

Abstract: A lamp having improved color quality scale is provided. The lamp has a light-transmissive envelope and a phosphor layer comprising a first phosphor and a second phosphor wherein the first phosphor has an emission band with a maximum between 590 nm and 670 nm and the second phosphor has an emission band with a maximum between 520 nm and 570 nm. The light generated by the phosphor layer, when the lamp is energized, has delta chroma values for fifteen color samples of the color quality scale within select parameters. The delta chroma values are measured in the CIE LAB color space.

Abstract: A light-emitting element according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a body including an upper surface, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and a peripheral side surface extending between peripheral edges of the upper surface and peripheral edges of the lower surface, the peripheral side surface including a front surface and a rear surface opposite to the front surface; a pair of element electrodes as a first element electrode and a second element electrode positioned at the rear surface of the body; and a support disposed at the rear surface of the body between the first element electrode and the second element electrode that are positioned at a lower area of the rear surface of the body.

Abstract: Provided is a light-emitting element with high external quantum efficiency, or a light-emitting element with a long lifetime. The light-emitting element includes, between a pair of electrodes, a light-emitting layer including a guest material and a host material, in which an emission spectrum of the host material overlaps with an absorption spectrum of the guest material, and phosphorescence is emitted by conversion of an excitation energy of the host material into an excitation energy of the guest material. By using the overlap between the emission spectrum of the host material and the absorption spectrum of the guest material, the energy smoothly transfers from the host material to the guest material, so that the energy transfer efficiency of the light-emitting element is high. Accordingly, a light-emitting element with high external quantum efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The organic light emitting display device includes: a substrate including a display portion displaying an image as a plurality of sub-pixels that are arranged, and a non-display portion extending at an edge of the display portion; and a sealant formed along a periphery of the display portion, wherein an organic film having an emissive layer is formed on the plurality of sub-pixels, and an emissive layer storage unit storing an emissive layer coated on the non-display portion is formed between the display portion and the sealant. By forming the emissive layer storage unit by removing at least a part of a pixel defining layer on an edge of the substrate, a raw material of the emissive layer coated on the non-display portion on the substrate is easily processed via the emissive layer storage unit.

Abstract: A display device including a substrate, a display unit on the substrate, a sealing substrate coupled to the display unit, a plurality of power pads on the sealing substrate and electrically coupled to the display unit, and a connector including a housing unit, a power connection unit electrically coupled to the plurality of power pads, and a power contact unit for maintaining contact between the plurality of power pads and the power connection unit.

Abstract: A compact strobe device includes the following components: a flash discharge tube having an anode and a cathode; a conductive reflector storing a part of the flash discharge tube; a trigger coil having a hollow core, and a primary winding and a secondary winding around the core; and a conductor connecting the secondary winding of the trigger coil and the reflector. The trigger coil has an end of the flash discharge tube inserted into the core, and includes at an end thereof adjacent to the reflector, a secondary terminal connected to the secondary winding. The reflector has a bottom in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the flash discharge tube, the outer peripheral surface covering at least the region extending from the anode to the cathode. The conductor has a first contact portion in contact with the secondary terminal of the trigger coil, and a second contact portion in contact with the bottom of the reflector.

Abstract: A lamp includes a single string of light emitting diodes (LEDs), driven in common, configured to cause the lamp to emit a visible light output via a bulb. The lamp also includes a lighting industry standard lamp base, which has connectors arranged in a standard three-way lamp configuration, for providing electricity from a three-way lamp socket. Circuitry connected to receive electricity from the connectors of the lamp base as standard three-way control setting inputs drives the string of LEDs. The circuitry is configured to detect the standard three-way control setting inputs and to adjust the common drive to the string of LEDs to selectively produce a different visible light outputs of the lamp via the bulb responsive to the three-way control setting inputs. The lamp may also include nanophosphors pumped by emissions of the LEDs, so that the lamp produces a white light output of particularly desirable characteristics.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a plasma system. The plasma system includes a plasma device, an ionizable media source, and a power source. The plasma device includes an inner electrode and an outer electrode coaxially disposed around the inner electrode. The inner electrode includes a distal portion and an insulative layer that covers at least a portion of the inner electrode. The ionizable media source is coupled to the plasma device and is configured to supply ionizable media thereto. The power source is coupled to the inner and outer electrodes, and is configured to ignite the ionizable media at the plasma device to form a plasma effluent having an electron sheath layer about the exposed distal portion.

Abstract: A device for generating a cold, HF-excited plasma under atmospheric pressure conditions can be used advantageously for plasma treatment of materials for cosmetic and medical purposes. The device contains a metal housing functioning as a grounded electrode in the region of the emergent plasma, wherein an HF generator, an HF resonance coil having a closed ferrite core suitable for the high frequency, an insulating body acting as a gas nozzle, and a high-voltage electrode mounted in the insulating body are disposed in such a manner that they are permeated or circulated around by process gas. By integrating the plasma nozzle and required control electronics in a miniaturized handheld device, or by using a short high-voltage cable, the invention allows compliance with the electromagnetic compatibility directives and allows the power loss to be minimized and thus a mobile application to be implemented.

Abstract: An ion source is provided that includes at least one electron gun. The electron gun includes an electron source for generating a beam of electrons and an inlet for receiving a gas. The electron gun also includes a plasma region defined by at least an anode and a ground element, where the plasma region can form a plasma from the gas received via the inlet. The plasma can be sustained by at least a portion of the beam of electrons. The electron gun further includes an outlet for delivering at least one of (i) ions generated by the plasma or (ii) at least a portion of the beam of electrons generated by the electron source.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode fixture comprises spaced-apart first and second housing portions. There is a cooling device disposed within the first housing portion. The cooling device is in fluid communication with the second housing portion. First and second printed circuit boards are disposed within the second housing portion. A light-emitting diode and a negative coefficient thermistor array are mounted on the first printed circuit board. The light-emitting diode and the negative coefficient thermistor array are each thermally coupled to a heat sink. A rectifier is mounted on the second printed circuit board. The rectifier is electrically connected in series with the negative coefficient thermistor array and the cooling device. Current used to power the cooling device flows from the rectifier through the negative coefficient thermistor array to the cooling device.

Abstract: A dual-pixel circuit includes first and second OLEDs, and a driving circuit that includes first and second driving transistors, a capacitor, and a switching module operable between first and second modes based on a data voltage, first and second scan voltages, and first and second bias signals. When the switching module is operated in the first mode, the first OLED is forward-biased to emit light, and the second OLED is reverse-biased. When the switching module is operated in the second mode, the first OLED is reverse-biased, and the second OLED is forward-biased to emit light.

Abstract: A non-contact and non-disposable electric induction LED lamp includes a power source and a luminous-radiating unit combined together. The power source is formed with a power source module electrically connected with a first electric induction plate, while the luminous-radiating unit is provided with a second electric induction plate corresponding with the first electric induction plate and electrically connected with an LED module. Thus, the electricity of the power source can be transmitted to the luminous-radiating unit via electromagnetic induction produced between the first and the second electric induction plates to enable the LED module to emit light. The LED lamp of this invention can partially be replaced conveniently and has water proof and dustproof effects.

Abstract: A power management system for a lighting circuit may include a grid shifting controller that includes a processor and a connection to an external power source. The power management system may also include a communication interface associated with the grid shifting controller. The grid shifting controller may be configured to provide control information to a processor of at least one grid shifting electrical fixture over the communication interface, the control information being configured to direct the at least one grid shifting electrical fixture on the use of power from the external power source and an energy storage device associated with the at least one grid shifting electrical fixture.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) driving circuit includes an LED control circuit and a power stage circuit. The LED control circuit shifts an input pulse width modulation (PWM) signal toward a higher frequency direction in a frequency domain to generate an output PWM signal having a duty cycle substantially the same as a duty cycle of the input PWM signal. The power stage circuit outputs an LED driving current according to the output PWM signal.

Abstract: A device serves to control an electrical load of at least two single loads connected in series. Each of the at least two single loads is connected in parallel to a controllable switch, so that each of the at least two single loads can be switched independently of one another. In addition, a driver stage that drives a current into the electrical load is present. The controllable switches can be controlled by the control unit. A dummy load is connected in series to the at least two single loads.

Abstract: Control circuits and techniques are provided for use with DC-DC converters. The circuits and techniques may, in some implementations, be used with LED driver systems. In some embodiments control circuits are provided that rely on multiple different feedback paths to adjust a duty cycle of a DC-DC converter. In some embodiments, control circuits are provided that switch between multiple capacitors to provide as duty cycle control signal for use with a DC-DC converter.

Abstract: A driving circuit includes a first PWM driving module and a second PWM driving module. The first PWM driving module generates a first square-wave signal to drive a first illumination unit according to a first data signal of a data stream, wherein the first square-wave signal, having a rising edge located at the beginning of the display cycle, represents an illumination period of the first illumination unit in a display cycle. The second PWM driving module generates a second square-wave signal to drive a second illumination unit according to a second data signal of the data stream, wherein the second square-wave signal, having a falling edge located at the end of the display cycle and having a rising edge being behind the rising edge of the first square-wave signal, represents an illumination period of the second illumination unit in the display cycle.

Abstract: There is provided a light emitting diode driving apparatus capable of supplying a constant average current to a light emitting diode by generating a reference voltage used for driving the light emitting diode according to input power and a switching signal switching a path of a current supplied to the light emitting diode. The light emitting diode driving apparatus includes: a reference voltage generating unit generating a reference voltage set based on input power and a switching signal for supplying driving power to a light emitting diode; and a driving unit supplying the driving power to the light emitting diode according to the reference voltage.

Abstract: A light emitting diode control circuit with synchronization signal includes a signal coupling unit, an operational amplifier, a synchronization and control logic unit, a light signal generating unit, an output logic unit and at least a current output unit. The synchronization and control logic unit sends a synchronization clock signal to the light signal generating unit. The light signal generating unit sends a light control signal to the output logic unit. According to the light control signal, the output logic unit is configured to control the current output unit to drive at least a light emitting diode.

Abstract: A circuit capable of receiving, in series with at least one light-emitting diode, a rectified A.C. voltage, comprising: a first gate turn-off thyristor connected to first and second terminals of the circuit; and a control circuit for turning off the first thyristor when the voltage between the first and second terminals exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp (HID) control circuit and method are provided in the present invention. The circuit includes a first winding and a second winding, both of which are coupled with a series-connected inductor of an HID lamp circuit; a current zero point detector for detecting an inductor current zero crossing signal in the HID lamp circuit; an inductor current signal generator for generating an inductor current signal in the circuit to indicate a current value of the HID lamp; a modulator having input terminals connected to the current zero point detector and the inductor current signal generator, respectively, and an output terminal connected to a driving circuit for the HID lamp; and the driving circuit for driving switches in the HID lamp control circuit.