Abstract: A modular steel-framed construction mold apparatus comprised of a plurality of contiguous foundation, cavity wall and roof deck void spaces defined and formed by assemblies of interlocking encasement panels and connectors integrally attached to a structural steel grillage for accepting, containing, and shaping wet concrete fill, a method for forming, casting, and encasing monolithic composite concrete and steel buildings and structures in situ using said mold apparatus, and a permanently encased monolithic composite concrete and steel structure constructed by employing the foregoing modular mold apparatus and method of concrete construction. The structural steel grillage supports the encasement assemblies before and during the casting process, becoming fully embedded within the cast concrete, and provides tensile strength complementing the compressive strength of concrete fill.

Abstract: Various embodiments of methods and apparatus for detecting a change in an orientation of a portion of a structure. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes a processor, an energy storage unit, a location reporting unit, a wireless communication module and one or more inclination sensors. In some embodiments, each of the one or more inclination sensors is configured to measure inclination by measuring an orientation of the each of the one or more inclination sensors relative to a gravitational acceleration vector.

Abstract: Pile foundations for power transmission towers or the like are installed in different types of soil prone to frost heaving. The pile foundations provide bearing capacity against horizontal loads, reduce labor content and installation cost, and increase reliability against the impact of frost heaving forces of the soil on the pile. The pile foundation has a casing pipe and a dipped pile, comprising a shaft and a toe bulb, secured at the bottom of the shaft. The pile comprises rigid elements that are mounted on the shaft in the direction of horizontal forces acting on the pile against the anticipated horizontal loads. The rigid elements transfer horizontal forces from the pile to the casing pipe.

Abstract: A method for installing pile foundations for power transmission towers or the like in different types of soil prone to frost heaving provides piles with bearing capacity against horizontal loads, reduced labor content and installation cost, and increased reliability against the impact of frost heaving forces of the soil on the pile. A casing pipe is driven in and then the pile is inserted into it, while installing rigid elements on the pile shaft by welding. When driving the pile, when a mark indicating a point of installation for a rigid element reaches the top of the casing pipe, a geometric measurement of gaps is made between the casing pipe and the pile. Based on the measurement, rigid elements are sized and welded in pairs on the opposite side in a vertical plane. The operation of placing and welding is then repeated during the pipe inserting.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the construction of a support for above-ground pipelines and can be used for laying pipelines in in permafrost and on slopes. The result of the support is uniform distribution of the load from the pipeline to a bedding cradle, displacement of a movable part in response to predetermined conditions, and prevention of deformation due to soil heaving. The result is achieved due to inclusion of moving and fixed parts. The movable part includes a semi-cylindrical cradle with two semi-annular frames on the outside of the cradle, detachable half-yokes fix the pipe in the cradle, side cheeks welded to the frame and movably fixed to the tower base by a hinged joint, and a base slidably positioned on a stationary surface of the support. The objective is also solved using a support assembly being structurally different than prior art supports, as described herein.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a saddle support for use in above-ground pipeline construction in severe geological conditions, such as permafrost. The support provides structural stability and redistribution of a load from a pipeline to a pile foundation. The saddle support includes the spool coupled to four adjustable stands through electric insulating units. The stands can be adjusted to change a height and slope angle of the support and are fastened to a single-level pilework that supported by the pile foundation via flanges. The spool is a pipe having an external case and a heat-insulating layer. Longitudinal ribs are fastened to the spool to fasten the spool to the stands. The load-bearing structure of the spool resists axial and side movements of the pipeline and transfer the load absorbed by the spool to the pilework foundation via the electric insulating units on the adjustable stands.

Abstract: A shovel according to embodiments of the present invention includes: a lower traveling body; an upper swivel body that is rotatably mounted on the lower traveling body; an attachment that is configured by a boom, an arm, and an end attachment; an engine that is mounted on the upper swivel body; a motor generator that is able to assist the engine; a power storage system that is mounted on the upper swivel body; a swiveling motor that is driven by electric power from the motor generator and the power storage system; temperature detection units; and a control device. The control device switches a control mode in a case where at least one of a temperature relating to the motor generator, a temperature relating to the power storage system, and a temperature relating to the swiveling motor, detected by the temperature detection units, is higher than a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A grapple apparatus may comprise at least one grapple arm movable between an open and a closed position, and having a proximal arm portion and a distal arm portion. The apparatus may include a primary actuator having extended and retracted conditions to move the proximal arm portion, and a secondary actuator having extended and retracted conditions to move the distal arm portion. The primary actuator may be configured such that an initial rate of movement of the primary actuator from the extended condition toward the retracted condition is slower than an initial rate of movement of the secondary actuator from the extended condition toward the retracted condition to produce substantially complete movement of the distal arm portion of the at least one grapple arm toward the open position before movement of the proximal arm portion toward the open position is initiated.

Abstract: The hydraulic excavator capable of accurately positioning an engine and an exhaust gas treatment unit is provided. The hydraulic excavator includes a engine, an exhaust gas treatment unit, a front left pillar portion, a rear left pillar portion, a plurality of support portions, and a center frame. The exhaust gas treatment unit treats an exhaust gas from the engine. The plurality of support portions support the exhaust gas treatment unit. The center frame carries the engine. The center frame has a vertical plate. Two support portions are fixed to the vertical plate.

Abstract: The revolving device for a work vehicle is such that a support ring is disposed on the second pinion shaft at a position between an output pinion and a second bearing component, and comes into contact with the second bearing component and the output pinion to support the output pinion above the second bearing component. A seal member has a mounting component that is disposed on the outer peripheral face of the support ring, and a lip component that is formed protruding outward in the radial direction from the mounting component and seals the upper side of the second bearing component. The support ring has a protrusion protruding outward in the radial direction from the lower end of the support ring. The mounting component is disposed higher than the protrusion, and the lip component protrudes further outside than the protrusion.

Abstract: A shovel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an engine; a motor generator that functions as a motor that uses a drive force of the engine and functions as a motor capable of assisting the engine; a power storage system, a swiveling motor; a DC bus that connects the motor generator, the power storage system, and the swiveling motor; and a controller that controls movements of the motor generator, the power storage system, and the swiveling motor. In a case where the power storage system is stopped, the controller supplies electric power of the motor generator that functions as the power generator to the swiveling motor when the swiveling motor is in a power running operation, and supplies regenerative electric power of the swiveling motor to the motor generator that functions as the motor when the swiveling motor is in a regenerative operation.

Abstract: An industrial machine that includes a plurality of components, an identification tag reader, an actuator, and a controller. The plurality of components is installed in the industrial machine and each of the plurality of components includes an identification tag. The identification tag reader is receives a signal from each of the plurality of identification tags, and each signal received from the plurality of identification tags is specific to a respective one of the plurality of components. The controller identifies the plurality of components that is installed in the industrial machine based on the signals from each of the plurality of identification tags, compares the identified plurality of components to a predetermined list of components that are expected to be installed in the industrial machine, and modifies an operational setting of an operating parameter when the identified plurality of components does not match the predetermined list of components.

Abstract: A work vehicle includes an automatic running control unit 51 that executes automatic running based on an own vehicle position and a target running path; a manual running control unit 52 that executes manual running based on an operation signal from a manual running operation unit 9 that is manually operated; a first control unit 61 that executes a change from manual running to automatic running, a manual stoppage of the vehicle being a condition for the change; a second control unit 62 that executes a forced stoppage of the vehicle when changing from automatic running to manual running; and a third control unit 63 that executes a forced stoppage of the vehicle by temporarily suspending automatic running in response to a suspend instruction from the manual running operation unit 9, and resumes automatic running in response to a resume instruction from the manual running operation unit 9.

Abstract: Disclosed are a travelling control device for a construction machine for travelling a long distance by adjusting only one of left and right travelling pedals and a control method thereof.

Abstract: A shovel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper swivel body, an engine, a motor generator which can assist the engine, a capacitor, a swiveling electric motor which swivels the upper swivel body, a DC bus which is connected to the motor generator, the capacitor, and the swiveling electric motor, and a controller which controls charging and discharging of the capacitor. In a case where a swiveling operation is performed, the controller drives the swiveling electric motor by discharging power discharged by the capacitor, and thereafter, drives the swiveling electric motor by power generated by the motor generator.

Abstract: A shovel according to embodiments of the present invention includes a lower travelling body, an upper swivel body, an operation attachment, an engine, a motor generator which is connected to the engine, a hydraulic pump which is connected to the motor generator and supplies hydraulic oil to the operation attachment, a swiveling electric motor which is mounted on the upper swivel body, a power storage device, a DC bus which electrically connects the power storage device and the swiveling electric motor to each other, and a control device, in which the control device decreases a charging/discharging limit value of the power storage device and changes a discharging requirement value which is the maximum value of power which is supplied from the power storage device to the swiveling electric motor, according to a decrease of temperature.

Abstract: Engine and pump control device including controller functioning to, when pump discharge pressure changes from flow rate control area in which pump discharge flow rate is controlled at a low load to output control area in which engine output is controlled at a middle or high load, calculate each value of reduced engine rotating speed and increased engine torque on condition that the product of the engine rotating speed by the engine torque is maintained within a predetermined output level and control engine rotating speed based on these values and control the swash plate angle of the variable displacement pump.

Abstract: A method, system, and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for calibrating an implement actuation sensor of a machine are disclosed. The method may include calculating a first elevation value of an implement of the machine. The method may include calculating a second elevation value of a ground-engaging device of the machine. The method may include, in response to determining that the machine is spreading, adjusting the second elevation value based on a compaction factor to determine an adjusted second elevation value. The method may further include determining a first elevation difference value based on a difference between the first elevation value and the adjusted second elevation value. The method may further include calibrating the implement actuation sensor based on the determined difference.

Abstract: A method for determining an N+1—dimensional environmental model is provided. According to the method, environmental information in N dimensions is determined using a sensor. In a further step, position and/or orientation of the sensor is/are determined. Then, the N+1—dimensional environmental model is determined based on the determined environmental information in N dimensions and the determined position and/or orientation of the sensor. Further, a device and a mining apparatus are provided.

Abstract: A position restoring and water splitting shower arm and a method of implementing the same. The shower arm comprises: a tube body and a switch valve. The tube body is provided with a water input port and a first water output port, while a second water output port is disposed on a middle section of the tube body. The switch valve is disposed vertically in the tube body, to switch connection and communication between the water input port and a first water output port, or between the water input port and the second water output port. The switch valve includes a valve seat; and a gravitation valve core disposed in the valve seat, with its one end provided with a valve core head, used to block the second water output port or the valve seat upper port.

Abstract: A switch device with multiple water outputs includes a switch valve, a rotary rod, an engagement ring, a first rotary plate and a second rotary plate. The rotary rod is mounted through an opening of the switch valve. The engagement ring has an inner toothed ring and an outer toothed ring formed on a bottom end of the rotary rod. The first rotary plate and the second rotary plate respectively engage the inner toothed ring and the outer toothed ring, and the both rotary plates have multiple holes. As water entering the holes with different number and deviation angle of the first and second rotary plate selectively communicate with each other, different water outputs can be provided.

Abstract: A front-knob type multi-function shower arm and method of implementing the same. The method includes the following two water output modes: (1) a shower head water output mode: when rotating upward a knob on a front face, a three-way splitter is brought to connect a water input channel of a main body to a shower head water output channel, so that water flows to the shower head water output channel, and then it flows directly out from a shower head; and (2) a shower water output mode: when rotating downward a knob on a front face, the three-way splitter is brought to connect the water input channel of the main body to the shower water output channel, so that water flows to the shower water output channel, and then it flows out a shower from an outside connected shower hose.

Abstract: A push-button type multi-function shower arm includes a shower arm main body, provided with a water input end, a shower water output end, and a shower head water output end; a water output chamber, disposed in the shower arm main body, with perimeter of its outer wall disposed with the shower water output end and the shower head water output end in communication with the water output chamber; a shunt valve, disposed in the water output chamber, movable upward and downward, while in a center of the shunt valve is provided with slot channel, to enable communication between the water input end and the shower water output end; and a press device, disposed at top of the shunt valve, to drive the shunt valve to move along axial direction of the water output chamber.

Abstract: A control mechanism for manually adjusting a plurality of control parameters, the control mechanism including a mechanical multiple axis handle movable about three axes of rotation for operating an operated device, wherein each of the axes of rotation pass through the handle, and a movement transformation assembly to transform rotational movements of the handle to control commands to the operated device.

Abstract: A touch-free faucet provides control over flow and/or temperature by detecting object presence in one or more detection zones. In one embodiment, the faucet provides for continuous-flow water flow wherein the spout of the faucet pours water for a period of time regardless of whether an object is detected in a detection zone, such as the sink, during that time. The faucet may initiate continuous-flow based on the detection of an object in another detection zone, and may cause continuous-flow operation for a determined period of time based on the amount of substantially uninterrupted time during which an object is detected in a detection zone associated with initiating continuous-flow mode. Furthermore, the faucet may provide for user-programmable sensitivity affecting the amount of continuous-flow time that is determined based on the amount of time that the faucet detects object in the continuous-flow mode detection zone.

Abstract: A tube device including concentric inner and outer tubes to form an annulus to receive an upright stem in a toilet tank and adjustable relative to the stem. A keeper limits travel of a float to prevent opening of a control valve absent flushing of the toilet. In one aspect, the present invention includes an elongated catch device pivotally mounted intermediately to an inlet tube device and carrying at its upper extremity a keeper selectively disposed in the path of a float device to, unless a toilet has been flushed, block lowering of the float device and consequent opening of the control valve.

Abstract: A flush valve system is provided having an inlet and an outlet, and a main valve element adapted for transition between a closed position and an open position is disclosed. The flush valve further includes a control chamber in communication with the inlet, and a vent outlet in communication with the outlet. The system includes a solenoid for establishing communication between the control chamber and the vent outlet to establish a pressure differential across a portion of the main valve element. The system also includes a power supply for energizing the solenoid, a deployable actuator in communication with the power supply, and a microprocessor in electrical communication with the main valve element. The microprocessor is adapted to determine a valve opening time, calculate fluid pressure based on the valve opening time, and deliver a predetermined quantity of fluid through the valve based on fluid pressure.

Abstract: A water saving toilet device comprises a drain pipe of a basin connected with a flush unit of a toilet, thereby providing the wastewater, which is produced after the basin is used, into the flush unit of the toilet via the drain pipe to be a water for cleaning the toilet after the user used the toilet, achieving the effect of water saving.

Abstract: A splash guard system for includes a toilet that has a bowl and a seat. A guard is positioned within the bowl. A plurality of mounts is provided and each of the mounts is attached to the guard. A plurality of retainers is provided and each of the retainers is attached to an associated one of the mounts. Each of the retainers engages the bowl to retain the guard within the bowl.

Abstract: In certain aspects, devices and methods for moving a toilet are provided that can include an elongated member, a first engaging member, and a second engaging member. The engaging members can be coupled to the elongated member and extend radially away from the elongated member. The engaging members can include contact surfaces that are disposed distal to the elongated member and that are configured to engage the toilet. In other aspects, devices and methods for moving a toilet can include a handle, a first collar, and a second collar. The collars can be coupled to the handle and can be configured to slide along the handle in unlocked modes and to positionally secure along the handle in locked modes. The collars can be configured to receive and secure to one or more removable shackles.

Abstract: An embodiment providing one or more improvements includes a trap primer with upper and lower chambers separated by a flexible diaphragm which also interacts with a valve stem to start and stop the flow of water from the trap primer to the trap(s). The lower chamber contains a polymeric foam medium such as a foam ring containing closed cells containing gas or gases. In use, equilibration of water pressures in the upper and lower chambers causes distortion of the foam ring, resulting in equilibration of the gas pressure in the closed cells with that of the chambers. A decrease in line water pressure causes water from the lower chamber to be emitted into the traps.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembly for providing a drain in a floor. The drain assembly includes a drain conduit, a strainer and an adaptor. The drain conduit has an inner, surface that defines a fluid flow path, and an outer surface. The strainer is disposed above the drain conduit and has openings in fluid communication with the fluid flow path of the drain conduit. The adaptor may be securable in the drain conduit and may be connected to the strainer. Prior to securing the adaptor in the drain conduit, a position of the adaptor in the drain conduit may be moveable to allow a top surface of the strainer to be substantially aligned with the floor. A method of assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydraulic mixer inlet for a septic or interceptor tank. The hydraulic mixer has an inlet for receiving organic containing liquid such as sewage from a source disposed in a first plane; and an outlet disposed in a second plane, the outlet fluidly communicating with the inlet by way of a pipe, the pipe having an upper surface and a vented orifice located on the upper surface; wherein an angle is disposed between the first plane and the second plane allowing for flow deflection resulting in increased mixing.

Abstract: A device for installation, maintenance, and/or removal of a catch basin hood and/or a catch basin trap; the device comprising a shank connecting a handle on one end and jaw-like arms on an opposite end, wherein the handle end of the shank further comprises a lever capable of actuating a snap-action installation of a catch basin trap.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a curb, grate, and combination curb and grate inlet temporary filtering system to filter silt, sedimentation and debris from runoff entering a storm water drainage system. The invention comprises a body sized to fit over the inlet and includes one or more support members encapsulated with a filter material that assists in the filtering of water entering the storm sewer inlet.

Abstract: The support and insulation element for supporting and insulating a window frame has a support part and an insulating part. The support part has a first leg comprising a first side surface, a second leg, which projects from the first leg, and a third leg, which projects from the first leg a certain distance away from the second leg. The support part is made of load-bearing material. The insulating part is arranged at least on the side of the first leg of the support part opposite the first side surface and is made of compacted mineral wool or a rigid foam. The insulating part comprises two slots, into which the second leg and the third leg of the support part are inserted. The insulating part surrounds three sides of both the second leg and the third leg of the support part.

Abstract: The present invention provides in one aspect for a bracket for use with insulated forms for concrete walls. The bracket has an attachment plate for overlying the exterior of the insulated form to provide for a means of attaching the header or rim joist to the bracket. The bracket is provided an anchoring plate extending from the attaching plate for insertion into the interior of the insulated form. The present invention also provides for a method of attaching a header or rim joist to a concrete wall formed using insulated forms. The method involves cutting a vertical slot in the insulated form and inserting a bracket into the slot. The bracket has an attachment plate for overlying the exterior surface of the insulated form and an anchoring plate extending from the attachment plate through the slot into the interior of the insulated form. Concrete is poured into the form and allowed to set, after which the header or rim joist is attached to the brackets.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a curtain wall panel bracket leveling system that facilitates leveling a panel bracket mounted to a fixture (such as an embedment or an anchor array) cast in a concrete slab.

Abstract: A ventilating sill for elevating a wall partition from a floor surface in order to isolate the wall partition from moisture and humidity that can emanate from the floor surface or be present thereon. The ventilating sill includes a block having a support surface, a base surface, two opposed side surfaces and a plurality of spaced channels extending between the side surfaces forming channeled surfaces. The ventilating sill further includes a pair of slats, each slat extending from each side surface upwardly towards the wall partition at a right angle to the support surface, the slats defining a support area, and being adapted to guide the wall partition onto the support surface and at least one aperture communicating between the support area and an ambient environment for ventilating the support area and draining moisture and humidity therefrom.

Abstract: A foam retention barrier includes a broad pliable substrate substantially impermeable to spray foam; and a field of spray foam retainers extending across a major portion of the substrate. A method of installing spray foam insulation including affixing a broad pliable substrate to structural building members. The substrate includes a substantially spray-foam-impermeable layer and presenting a field of spray foam retainers across a major portion thereof. The method further includes applying a spray foam onto the field of spray foam retainers on the substrate. The substrate provides a foam-impermeable barrier between the building sheathing and the spray foam and wherein the field of spray foam retainers serve to retain the spray foam on the substrate adjacent the building sheathing.

Abstract: The building section comprises a wall and a peripheral window case, into which a window frame is inserted. The window case comprises several support sections arranged a certain distance apart and standing laterally out from the wall, each support section comprising a support part and an insulating part. The first leg of the support part is screwed to the wall, whereas the window frame is screwed to the second leg of the support part. The insulating part surrounds three sides of the second leg of the support part. In the areas between the support sections, the window case comprises insulating sections. The insulating parts of the support sections and the insulating sections bring about a substantially continuous insulation of the window frame around the window case.

Abstract: The present invention enables reduction in, as well as low-frequency sound, high-frequency sound of diffraction sound that is to be diffracted in the vicinity of an upper end edge of an uppermost one of soundproof panels.

Abstract: A yield link connection for use in bracing structures against lateral loads connects a first structural member, fixed to a foundation to the structure in need of bracing. The yield link is created by cutting out a portion of material from a standard rolled steel structural section, so the remaining elements of the yield link become separate bending elements with predictable yielding, creating plastic hinge zones around the cutout. Should the yield link need to be replaced after an episodic event, removal of the damaged yield link is easy compared to prior art.

Abstract: A self-aligning block system is disclosed having a series of block formations wherein the blocks comprise predefined polygonal shaped channels for insertion of a uniformly shaped polygonal peg. Insertion of a peg between adjacent channels will drive uneven blocks into alignment and hold the blocks without the need of mortar. Walls may be created by end-to-end stacking of linear blocks and half blocks in staggered or parallel columns to create internal walls and corners within a wall by addition of corner blocks and half blocks without offsetting the progression of the outer wall. Addition of half blocks into wall progression may be implemented to reset the progression of inner and outer wails after corner formation.

Abstract: An adjustable connector system for stay-in place formwork has a male adjustable connector end that can be inserted into a corresponding female adjustable connector end at variable positions. Using adjustable connector ends in assembling a formwork system increases accuracy by facilitating on-site adjustability of the length and/or diameter measurements of the system. The stay-in-place formwork can be used to create building surfaces, including ceiling panels, siding and walls, and can be used for forming concrete structures, such as walls and sumps.

Abstract: A wall surfacing system for providing a secondary ceiling or wall covering structure adjacent a primary structure. The system provides a plurality of elongated structural support rails, each of these support rails have a coupling web with a bearing surface for attachment to the primary structure, a coupling mechanism, and a portion integrally formed with and connecting the coupling web to the coupling mechanism. A plurality of generally planar surface panels are provided. Each panel has an integral interlocking member configured to mate with the coupling mechanism on the support rail. The elongated support rails are secured to primary structures, thereby extending the surface panels to form an aesthetically pleasing covered surface.

Abstract: The invention comprises a product. The product comprises a foam insulating panel, the panel having a first primary surface and an opposite second primary surface, wherein the foam insulating panel defines at least one recessed channel in the first primary surface, the at least one recessed channel being sized and shaped to provide a mold for a structural reinforcing member. The product also comprises a concrete panel formed on the first primary surface and filling the at least one recessed channel so as to provide a structural reinforcing member for the concrete panel. The product further comprises an elongate anchor member in the foam insulating panel and extending from the first primary surface of the foam insulating panel into the concrete panel. A method of making a composite reinforced insulated concrete structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for constructing post-tensioned concrete slabs in a new floor construction that has a reduced gap distance between the slabs. The devices, systems, and methods can improve project construction time by reducing the time delay in accessing the floor underneath the slabs due to safety and/or weather conditions.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an asphalt roofing shingle, adapted to be laid up in courses on a roof, comprising an upper headlap portion, a lower tab portion, vertically spaced apart upper and lower edges, laterally spaced apart right and left edges and top and bottom surfaces. The bottom surface is configured to be laid up on a roof facing the roof and the tab portion of the top surface is configured to be substantially weather-exposed when laid up on a roof. The upper headlap portion is configured to be substantially covered by the tab portion of roofing elements in a next-overlying course of roofing elements when laid up on a roof. The upper headlap portion further comprises a plurality of parallel, evenly laterally spaced, first markings, the first markings being useful, at least, for aligning adjacent shingles, cutting books of shingles, forming starter shingles from full shingles and forming a grid of shingles without external measuring devices.

Abstract: A roof system includes a roof panel formed of concrete and an architectural surface such as a corrugated surface. A first layer of reinforcing material is disposed along and spaced inwardly from a first surface of the roof panel, and an optional second layer of reinforcing material is disposed along and spaced inwardly from a second surface of the roof panel. The first layer of reinforcing material is spaced from the second layer of reinforcing material. The reinforcing material may be formed of fiber-reinforced polymer mesh, made with carbon fibers or glass fibers. FRP rebar may be used in conjunction with FRP mesh to provide added structural strength. The roof panel may include one or more elongated ribs having a thickness greater than adjacent portions of the roof panel. In other aspects, concrete structures with reinforcing material may be used for either roof panels or wall applications.