Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous and cost effective chemo-enzymatic process for fractionation of holocellulose, obtained from agri-waste, into arabinoxylooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides and cellooligosaccharides, suitable for commercial applications. The process comprises of mixing the holocellulose with an aqueous medium in a controlled condition to obtain an aqueous extract comprising of soluble arabinoxylooligosaccharides and insoluble solid fraction; followed by treatment of the solid fraction with an aqueous alkali solution at controlled condition to obtain soluble xylooligosaccharides and cellulose residue. The cellulose residue is thereafter suspended in aqueous acid solution followed by treatment with an enzyme at controlled condition to obtain soluble cellooligosaccharides. The arabinoxylooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides and cellooligosaccharides obtained from the process have a degree of polymerization greater than 4.

Abstract: A method for optimizing post-translational modifications of recombinant proteins expressed in living cells is described. More particularly, a method for modulation of host proteins in living cells that control PTMs on recombinant proteins is described that has particularly useful applications in developing manufacturing process changes or in biosimilar development. The goal of this modulation is to produce a recipe for production of a recombinant protein in the new process or in the biosimilar that will produce a targeted PTM profile in the resulting protein product. In the method one or more modulators are selected, as from a modulator library, which affect the activity of host proteins. These modulators are added to media during production such that the resulting product matches the PTMs of the reference product.

Abstract: ?-Glu-Val synthetase suitable for generating ?-Glu-Val, and a method for producing ?-Glu-Val-Gly using the same are provided. By using ?-Glu-Val synthetase showing a ratio of ?-glutamylvaline synthetase activity to ?-glutamylglycine synthetase activity of 2.0 or higher, such as ?-Glu-Val synthetase of Kocuria rosea (AJ3132), ?-Glu-Val-Gly is produced from Glu, Val, and Gly as raw materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides an arsenite oxidase enzyme modified to prevent translocation by modification of a translocation signal sequence. A microorganism modified to express the heterologous arsenite oxidase enzyme is also provided by the invention, together with a device for detecting the presence of arsenite in a sample.

Abstract: Compounds are provided that are either fluorogenic or fluorophoric. Compositions and articles that include the compounds are also provided. Additionally, methods of detecting a microorganism using the compounds are provided. The compounds are fluorinated and can be used advantageously under acidic conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for detecting a target nucleic acid in a sample. The methods include contacting the sample, in the presence of a polymerase and an endonuclease, with a first oligonucleotide comprising, in the 5? to 3? direction, a first signal DNA generation sequence, an endonuclease recognition site, and a sequence complementary to the 3? end of a target nucleic acid; a second oligonucleotide comprising, in the 5? to 3? direction, a second signal DNA generation sequence, an endonuclease recognition site, and a sequence that is homologous to the first signal DNA generation sequence of the first oligonucleotide; a third oligonucleotide comprising, in the 5? to 3? direction, a third signal DNA generation sequence, an endonuclease recognition site, and a sequence that is homologous to the second signal DNA generation sequence of the second oligonucleotide.

Abstract: Methods for the rapid detection of the presence or absence of a SNP in a target nucleic acid in a sample are described. The methods can include performing an amplifying step, a hybridizing step utilizing a double stranded probe with two overlapping SNP specific hydrolysis probe sequences where one of the probe sequences can include a hairpin structure toward the 3? end, and a detecting step. Furthermore, the double stranded SNP specific hydrolysis probes along with kits are provided that are designed for the detection of a SNP in a target nucleic acid.

Abstract: The invention is in the field of regulation of enzymatic activity in nucleic acid modifying reactions. It describes a method of regulating enzymatic activity by adding chelating agents to the reaction composition and exploits the fact that both the binding of divalent cations to these chelating agents and the pH of commonly used buffers is temperature dependent. PCR experiments that are hampered by non-specific side products can be regulated such that the target sequence is amplified in a more specific manner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method for stabilizing ribonucleic acid (RNA) from biological samples such that the ribonucleic acid within the sample remains stable at room temperature. The composition comprises an anionic detergent and a buffering agent at a pH of about 5 to about 8.2 and is used in methods for extracting and storing ribonucleic acid from the biological sample.

Abstract: Compositions, methods, and devices for the detection of multiple analytes with a single signal are provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods are used to detect spectral and spatial information in a continuous flow PCR system. An incident beam of electromagnetic radiation is emitted using a laser. The incident beam is received from the laser and the incident beam is transformed into an incident line of electromagnetic radiation using a line generator. The incident line is received from the line generator using a tube array that includes one or more transparent tubes in fluid communication with one or more micro-channels. Reflected electromagnetic radiation is received from the tube array and the reflected electromagnetic radiation is focused using an imaging lens. The focused reflected electromagnetic radiation is received from the imaging lens and a spectral intensity is detected from the focused reflected electromagnetic radiation using a spectrograph. The focused reflected electromagnetic radiation is received from the imaging lens and a location of the spectral intensity is detected using an imager.

Abstract: Techniques, systems, and devices are disclosed for non-thermal cycling of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In one aspect, a method for cycling PCR includes receiving an electrolytic fluid including ions, primers, polymerase enzymes, nucleotides, and a double-stranded nucleic acid in a fluid chamber having a first electrode and a second electrode, applying an electric field across the first and the second electrodes to generate a first pH level of the electrolytic fluid to denature the double-stranded nucleic acid to at least partial single strands, and applying a second electric field across the first and second electrodes to produce a second pH level of the electrolytic fluid, in which the second pH level enables binding of a polymerase enzyme and a primer with a corresponding segment of the single strands.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rapid detection of microbial-associated nuclease activity with chemically modified nuclease (e.g., endonuclease) substrates, and probes and compositions useful in detection assays.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of detecting nucleotide sequence differences between two nucleic acid samples. The method employs a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) technique to analyze the sequence differences between the samples. This method permits the identification of small sequence differences (e.g., sequence divergence of 1% or less) in nucleic acid samples of high complexity (e.g., an entire genome).

Abstract: Techniques for characterizing a molecule are described herein. In one example, a portion of the molecule is trapped in a nanopore, a variable voltage is applied across the nanopore until the trapped portion of molecule is moved within the nanopore, and the molecule is characterized based on the electrical stimulus required to affect movement of at least a portion of the trapped portion of the molecule within the nanopore.

Abstract: Methods, kits, and systems are disclosed for array-based counting. The method generally comprises obtaining data pertaining to one or more probes on an array and conducting probe-specific analysis of the data to determine a count of one or more objects hybridized to the probe on the array. The probe-specific analysis may comprise modeling a behavior of one or more probes. The objects hybridized to the probe may be nucleic acids from a sample. The sample may comprise a total quantity of nucleic acids of less than one genome equivalent. The array may be a tiling array. The methods, kits, and systems may be used for quantifying samples comprising low quantities of nucleic acids. The methods, kits, and systems may be used to diagnose a disease or condition in a subject. The methods, kits, and systems may be used to diagnose a fetal disorder.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is provided for the manufacture of a nano-sensor array. A base having a sensing region is provided along with a plurality of nano-sensors. Each of the plurality of nano-sensors is formed by: forming a first nanoneedle along a surface of the base, forming a dielectric on the first nanoneedle, and forming a second nanoneedle on the dielectric layer. The first nanoneedle of each sensor has a first end adjacent to the sensing region of the base. The second nanoneedle is separated from the first nanoneedle by the dielectric and has a first end adjacent the first end of the first nanoneedle. The base is provided with a fluidic channel. The plurality of nano-sensors and the fluidic channel are configured and arranged with the first ends proximate the fluidic channel to facilitate sensing of targeted matter in the fluidic channel.

Abstract: Methods for detecting a genetic mutation in target nucleotide sequences by sorting the target nucleotide sequences into bins, aligning the target nucleotide sequences in each bin with reference nucleotide sequences, and quantifying the number of target nucleotide sequences that align with reference sequences. Systems and kits for detecting a genetic mutation in target nucleotide sequences.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and processes for the identification of polymorphisms at one ore more designated sites, without interference from non-designated sites located within proximity of such designated sites. Probes are provided capable of interrogation of such designated sites in order to determine the composition of each such designated site. By the methods of this invention, one ore more mutations within the CFTR gene and the HLA gene complex can be identified.

Abstract: Methods for enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acid chains are disclosed in which a nucleotide-macromolecular conjugate is incorporated into the complementary strand of a target sequence.

Abstract: A method for detecting a low-occurrence mutation in isolated DNA adds a blocking probe to reagents during amplification of the isolated DNA. The blocking probe is an oligonucleotide complementary to wild-type DNA corresponding to the sample. The blocking probe spans a site of a suspected mutation within a region of interest in the isolated DNA. After amplification, fragments of the amplified DNA is sequenced using next generating sequencing and an output is generated to display the sequenced fragments. In some embodiments, the blocking probe is locked nucleic acid (LNA).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatus, systems and method for detecting separately and substantially simultaneously light emissions from a plurality of localized light-emitting analytes. A system according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure comprises a sample holder having structures formed thereon for spatially separating and constraining a plurality of light-emitting analytes each having a single nucleic acid molecule or a single nucleic acid polymerizing enzyme, a light source configured to illuminate the sample holder, an optical assembly configured to collect and detect separately and substantially simultaneously light emissions associated with the plurality of light emitting analytes. The system may further include a computer system configured to analyze the light emissions to determine the structures or properties of a target nucleic acid molecule associated with each analyte.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for highly specific nucleic acid probes and primers are provided. The probe system comprises a complement strand and a protector stand that form a partially double-stranded probe. The reaction standard free energy of hybridization between the probe and target nucleic acid as determined by Expression 1 (?G°rxn=?G°t-TC??G°nh-PC+(?G°v-TC??G°h-PC)) is from about ?4 kcal/mol to about +4 kcal/mol. Alternatively, the reaction standard free energy of hybridization between the probe and target nucleic acid is determined by Expression 1 to be within 5 kcal/mol of the standard free energy as determined by Expression 2 (?R? ln(([P]0?[C]0)/[C]0)]), where the [P]0 term of Expression 2 equals the concentration of the protector strand and the [C]0 term of Expression 2 equals the concentration of the complement strand. In addition, a method for on-the-fly fine tuning of a reaction using the present probe is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for analysis of genomic DNA and/or RNA from small samples or even single cells. Methods for analyzing genomic DNA can entail whole genome amplification (WGA), followed by preamplification and amplification of selected target nucleic acids. Methods for analyzing RNA can entail reverse transcription of the desired RNA, followed by preamplification and amplification of selected target nucleic acids.

Abstract: Methods are provided for predicting and determining a subject's immune response to allograft. Methods include assessing immune response to an allograft by characterizing the diversity and distribution of clones of the adaptive immune repertoire. Methods are also provided for characterizing the adaptive immune response of a subject to an allograft using a mixed lymphocyte reaction culture.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for evaluating neurological disease in a patient. The neurological disease may be a demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis. The invention provides convenient and non-invasive genetic-based tests for evaluating a patient for demyelinating disease, including for diagnosing demyelinating disease, for excluding demyelinating disease as a diagnosis, for determining the presence of disease activity associated with demyelinating disease, and for monitoring the course of disease or efficacy of treatment for demyelinating disease.

Abstract: A method of identifying a subject falling within a new patient population characterised by eosinophil IgE mediated allergic inflammation, involving analysing the level of methylation in a DNA sample obtained from the subject for one or more promoter regions associated with one or more genes. Individuals within this new patient population are expected to be likely to respond to therapies for eosinophil IgE mediated inflammation, such as inhibitors of IL-5, IL-13, IgE or M1 prime activity and other therapies directed towards eosinophils.

Abstract: The present application discloses compositions and methods useful for diagnosing and treating nucleotide repeat disorders. An in silico analysis indicates a striking and specific miR-NRD homology. Validated miR target prediction software was used to assess each NRD nucleotide repeat expansion for potential miR homology. The striking degree of matched homology and the one-to-one expansion-to-miR ratio strongly support their relevance to the corresponding NRD and serve as a basis for therapeutic treatments. It is also disclosed herein that NETO is involved in mediating C9-repeat glutamate excitotoxicity, thus representing a novel therapeutic target.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for non-invasive prenatal testing that allow for detecting risk of chromosomal and subchromosomal abnormalities, including but not limited to aneuploidies, microdeletions and microduplications, insertions, translocations, inversions and small-size mutations including point mutations and mutational signatures. The methods of the invention utilize a pool of TArget Capture Sequences (TACS) to enrich for sequences of interest in a mixed sample containing both maternal and fetal DNA, followed by massive parallel sequencing and statistical analysis of the enriched population to thereby detect the risk of a genetic abnormality in the fetal DNA. Kits for carrying out the methods of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: This application relates to methods and kits for detecting predisposition to increased risk for osteoarthritis associated conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to the fields of therapeutics and identifying candidates for therapy, in particular to a method of identifying candidates for trastuzumab (Herceptin®) therapy in a patient presenting with breast cancer based on the presence or absence of specific genetic markers in a tumor sample from said patient.

Abstract: Provided is a lung cancer biomarker containing a DDR2 protein or a DDR2 gene, or a mutant thereof, i.e., the following (a), (b) and (c): (a) overexpressed DDR2 protein or DDR2 gene; (b) overexpressed DDR2 protein or DDR2 gene mutant; and (c) DDR2 protein or DDR2 gene mutant.

Abstract: Methods for determining the prognosis of a subject having acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as well as methods of treating AML subjects depending on prognosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new fusion gene, KIAA0368-ROBO2, and the use thereof in methods for diagnosing cancer, in particular a glioblastoma in a subject, wherein the presence and/or expression of said fusion gene in a sample derived from said subject is determined, and wherein the presence or expression of said fusion gene is attributed to the presence of a glioblastoma in said patient. Also methods for the identification of compounds useful in the medical intervention of glioma, in particular glioblastoma, are provided. Accordingly, the present invention also relates to diagnostic means as well as to the medical intervention in cancer, like glioma and in particular glioblastoma. The invention further relates to the use of the fusion gene for diagnosing and/monitoring of tumor progression, preferably of the progression of brain tumors, as well as for the subclassification of brain tumors and other proliferative diseases.

Abstract: A method for determining a folate substance administration regime is disclosed. The method comprises: quantifying, in a sample drawn from a patient, the expression level of at least one of the genes SLC46A1, SLC19A1, FPGS, ABCC3, MTHFD1 L, GGH, MTHFD1, MTFMT, and ATIC; and establishing whether the expression level is high or low. A high expression level of at least one of said genes determines that said folate substance administration regime involves the administration of [6R]-methylenetetrahydrofolate and/or a folate substance upstreams of [6R]-methylenetetrahydrofolate in the metabolic pathway. A low expression level of at least one of said genes determines that said folate substance administration regime involves the administration of [6R]-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Also disclosed is a kit for determining such a folate substance administration regime.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provides methods for detecting the presence of a target nucleic acid in a mixture of nucleic acids comprising: performing methylation haplotype analysis on a sample comprising a plurality of nucleic acids; and determining whether said sample includes a methylation haplotype indicative of the presence said target nucleic acid. Embodiments disclosed herein provide methods for detecting tumor in a subject and prenatal detection of fetal chromosomal abnormality using the methods for detecting the presence of a target nucleic acid disclosed herein. Further disclosed are probes and kits for methylation haplotype analysis.

Abstract: Genetic signatures capable of distinguishing among several types of gliomas provide clinically relevant information that can serve as an adjunct to histopathological diagnosis. For example, mutations in the TERT promoter occurred in 74.2% of glioblastomas (GBM), but occurred in a minority of Grade II-III astrocytomas (18.2%). In contrast, IDH1/2 mutations were observed in 78.4% of Grade II-III astrocytomas, but were uncommon in primary GBM. The genetic signatures permit the stratification of the glioma patients into distinct cohorts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of characterizing a cancer by obtaining a sample from a subject suspected of having cancer; and determining whether a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) fusion is present in the sample, wherein the FGFR fusion comprises a FGFR locus, thereby characterizing the cancer based on the presence or absence of the FGFR fusion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include methods and compositions associated with CDKN2D-WDFY2 chimeric RNA, the fusion gene that produces the chimeric RNA, and polypeptides produced from the chimeric RNA. In particular embodiments, the chimeric RNA is useful for methods of treatment, diagnosis, and/or prognosis as they relate to ovarian cancer, or therapy therefor, including at least high-grade serous carcinoma.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for the diagnosis of human melanoma by assessing MITF, miR-211, TRPM1, and/or KCNMA1 and methods for the diagnosis of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents by assessing the regulatory pathways of PGC1?. Methods for treating melanoma, including drug-resistant melanoma, are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for diagnosing the presence of a disorder, such as prostate cancer, in a subject are provided, such methods including detecting the relative frequency of expression of RNA biomarkers in a biological sample obtained from the subject, for example, using NGS technology and comparing the relative levels of expression with predetermined threshold levels. Levels of expression of at least two of the RNA biomarkers that are above or below the predetermined threshold levels are indicative of the presence of prostate cancer in the subject. Also provided is a method for preparing a reference standard for quantitating the relative frequency of expression of RNA biomarkers in a biological sample obtained from the subject with a prostate cancer lesion using NGS technology.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method of adapter ligation to the ends of fragmented double-stranded DNA molecules.

Abstract: Described herein are DNA primer sequences designed for the determination of gene or transcript information from Anuran species, and which may be used in studies for developmental and/or toxicity testing and for environmental toxicology or ecological assessment. Also described herein is a rapid, sensitive, high-throughput assay useful for supporting potential risk assessment across vertebrate clades, and that is also useful for evaluation of complex contaminant mixtures.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for identifying maize plants that have newly conferred tolerance or enhanced tolerance to, or are susceptible to, Gray Leaf Spot (GLS) are provided. The methods use molecular genetic markers to identify, select and/or construct tolerant plants or identify and counter-select susceptible plants. Maize plants that display newly conferred tolerance or enhanced tolerance to GLS that are generated by the methods are also a feature of the invention.

Abstract: In some aspects, described herein is a DNA methylation reporter. In some aspects, the DNA methylation reporter comprises a promoter whose activity can be affected by exogenous methylation changes without being independently regulated by the DNA methylation machinery, operably linked to a DNA sequence that encodes a reporter molecule. In some embodiments the DNA methylation reporter comprises (i) a promoter derived from a mammalian imprinted gene promoter; and (ii) a sequence that encodes a reporter molecule that is detectable in individual mammalian cells, wherein the promoter is operably linked to the sequence that encodes the reporter molecule. Also described are nucleic acids that comprise the DNA methylation reporter, cells that have the DNA methylation reporter integrated into their genome, and non-human mammals comprising cells that have the DNA methylation reporter integrated into their genome.

Abstract: For continuous production of qualitatively high-grade lactose monohydrate crystals from a solution, the invention proposes the preparation of a highly concentrated solution in a falling film evaporator, from the pre-concentrated solution, which is then subjected to continuous cold crystallization with forced circulation and from which a lactose suspension is drawn off that forms the product crystals following separation of the transported solution. The product crystals are thereby obtained directly by solid/liquid separation, without further crystallization steps from the suspension that was drawn off from the cold crystallization. A portion of the mother solution separated off from the product crystals is fed back to a point prior to the inlet to the falling film evaporator, the remainder of the mother solution is discarded.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for producing composite iron pellets comprising an inner core comprising iron ore and a reducing agent comprising a carbonaceous material; and an outer shell comprising unreduced iron ore. The resulting composite iron pellets can be used to produce direct reduced iron (DRI) with improved productivity while reducing gas consumption.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a maraging steel containing, in terms of mass %, 0.20?C?0.35, 9.0?Co?20.0, 1.0?(Mo+W/2)?2.0, 1.0?Cr?4.0, and a certain amount of Ni, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, in which in a case where the contents of V and Nb satisfy V+Nb?0.020 mass %, the amount of Ni is 6.0?Ni?9.4, and in which in a case where the contents of V and Nb satisfy 0.020 mass %<V+Nb?0.60 mass %, the amount of Ni is 6.0?Ni?16.0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a maraging steel containing, in terms of mass %, 0.10?C?0.35, 9.0?Co?20.0, 1.0?(Mo+W/2)?2.0, 1.0?Cr?4.0, a certain amount of Ni, a certain amount of Al, and V+Nb?0.60, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, in which in a case of V+Nb?0.020, the amount of Ni is 6.0?Ni?9.4 and the amount of Al is 1.4?Al?2.0, and in a case of 0.020<V+Nb?0.60, the amount of Ni is 6.0?Ni?20.0 and the amount of Al is 0.50?Al?2.0.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for improving the mechanical behavior of a metallic body (4) comprising an internal volume for a fluid and at least one threaded connecting port (6, 8) to said internal volume, the method comprising a step of treatment by autofrettage of the internal volume by applying a pressure to a liquid inside said volume. The autofrettage step comprises closing the internal volume by screwing a plug (28) to each the at least one threaded connecting port (8), so that the thread(s) of said port(s) is/are also subject to the autofrettage treatment. The invention is also directed to a body (4) resulting from such a treatment, with compressive stresses at the root of one of the most carrying turns of the thread of each of the connecting ports. The compressive stresses improve the fatigue behavior of the body.