Abstract: A signal transmission device of aspects of the invention can include a master circuit connected to the primary sides of first and second transformers and a slave circuit connected to the secondary sides of the first and second transformers. The master circuit sets one of first and second transmitting/receiving circuits for transmitting operation and the other for receiving operation according to a control signal, and detecting a leading edge and a falling edge of the control signal, transmits a pulse signal with the pulse interval changing after a predetermined period of time. The slave circuit detects the change of the pulse interval of the signal received through third and fourth transmitting/receiving circuits and according to the detection result, sets one of the third and fourth transmitting/receiving circuits for receiving operation and the other for transmitting operation.

Abstract: An automatic tuning assist circuit is coupled with a transmission antenna. The transmission antenna injects a first correction current into, or otherwise draws the first correction current from, the transmission antenna. In the first state, the first auxiliary coil is coupled with the transmission antenna. In this state, the first correction current IA, which corresponds to a current that flows through the first auxiliary coil, is injected into or drawn from the transmission antenna. In the second state, the first auxiliary coil is decoupled from the transmission antenna. In this state, the current that flows through the first auxiliary coil flows through a current path which is independent of the transmission antenna. The state is switched between the first state and the second state with the same frequency as that of the driving voltage.

Abstract: A method of making a cylindrical magnetic circuit which is able to prevent deformation of a cylindrical yoke for holding two or more magnets without increasing the thickness of the yoke more than required, A method of producing a cylindrical magnetic circuit (1) for generating a magnetic field in a space inside of plural annularly placed magnets (2), including: a cylindrical yoke (3) which is placed radially outside the magnets (2) and is fixed to the magnets directly or via an intermediate member or substance; and at least one nonmagnetic member (4) existing between pairs of circumferentially adjacent magnets.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of magnetic ceramic is provided including the steps of: die compacting a powder composition into a compacted body, the composition including a mixture of soft magnetic, iron or iron-based powder, core particles of which are surrounded by an electrically insulating, inorganic coating an amount of 1 to 35% by weight of the composition; and heating and pressing the compacted body in an atmosphere to a temperature and a pressure below the decomposition temperature and pressure of the magnetic, iron or iron-based powder.

Abstract: A chip electronic component may include an insulating layer formed on a lower portion of a side surface of an internal coil pattern to avoid a direct contact between the internal coil pattern and a magnetic material, thereby preventing a waveform distortion indicating a reduction in inductance at high frequency.

Abstract: There is provided a multilayer ceramic capacitor including, a ceramic body including a plurality of dielectric layers, a plurality of first and second internal electrodes disposed in the ceramic body to be alternately exposed through the double side surfaces facing each other in a width direction, having the dielectric layers therebetween, and first and second external electrodes formed on the surfaces of the ceramic body in the width and thickness directions and electrically connected to the first and second internal electrodes, wherein when a length of the ceramic body is defined as L and a width of the ceramic body is defined as W, a ratio L/W of the length L to the width W of the ceramic body satisfies 1.39?L/W?2.12.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system, comprising: a first non-magnetic conductive electrode; a second non-magnetic conductive electrode; a dielectric layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, the dielectric layer extending between the first and second electrodes; and first and second layers comprising plural pairs of magnetically coupled pairings of discrete magnets, the first and second layers separated by a non-magnetic material, wherein the magnets of at least the first layer are conductively connected to the first non-magnetic conductive electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the fields of electrical engineering and electronics. More specifically, the present invention relates to passive components of electrical circuit and more particularly to a capacitor intended for energy storage and method of production thereof.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a ceramic body including dielectric layers; first and second internal electrode groups disposed to be misaligned by a predetermined interval in the length direction, having the dielectric layers interposed therebetween; first and second external electrodes extended from at least one of the first and second side surfaces to at least one of the first and second main surfaces; and an insulating layer covering portions of the first and second external electrodes formed on the at least one of the first and second side surfaces, wherein the first internal electrode group includes first and second internal electrodes including first and second pattern parts and first and second lead parts, respectively, and the second internal electrode group includes third and fourth internal electrodes including third and fourth pattern parts and third and fourth lead parts, respectively.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a laminated body including an inner layer portion including ceramic dielectric layers and internal electrodes, and outer layer portions including ceramic dielectric layers. External electrodes connected to the internal electrodes are provided on both ends of the laminated body. The main constituent of the inner layer portion is a perovskite-type compound represented by ABO3. The outer layer portions include first outer layers and second outer layers respectively containing oxides that differ from each other in main constituents, and boundary reaction layers are provided between the first outer layers and the second outer layers. First ceramic dielectric layers outside the boundary reaction layers differ in color from second ceramic dielectric layers inside the boundary reaction layers.

Abstract: A feed-through assembly is presented. The feed-through assembly includes a first end and a second end with a body therebetween. The first end comprises a substantially L-shaped end and a block. The substantially L-shaped end includes a first contact surface. The block includes a second contact surface.

Abstract: In a MEMS device, the manner in which the membrane lands over the RF electrode can affect device performance. Bumps or stoppers placed over the RF electrode can be used to control the landing of the membrane and thus, the capacitance of the MEMS device. The shape and location of the bumps or stoppers can be tailored to ensure proper landing of the membrane, even when over-voltage is applied. Additionally, bumps or stoppers may be applied on the membrane itself to control the landing of the membrane on the roof or top electrode of the MEMS device.

Abstract: This method for producing porous sintered aluminum includes: mixing aluminum powder with a sintering aid powder containing a sintering aid element to obtain a raw aluminum mixed powder; forming the raw aluminum mixed powder into a formed object prior to sintering having pores; and heating the formed object prior to sintering in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce porous sintered aluminum, wherein the sintering aid element is titanium, and when a temperature at which the raw aluminum mixed powder starts to melt is expressed as Tm (° C.), then a temperature T (° C.) of the heating fulfills Tm-10 (° C.)?T?685 (° C.).

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor that includes an anode body, dielectric overlying the anode body, and solid electrolyte that overlies the dielectric is provided. The solid electrolyte includes a nanocomposite that contains a plurality of nanofibrils dispersed within a conductive polymer matrix. The nanofibrils have a relatively small size and high aspect ratio, which the present inventors have discovered can dramatically improve the thermal-mechanical stability and robustness of the resulting capacitor.

Abstract: A high voltage proof solid electrolytic capacitor that can prevent deterioration of voltage proof property due to lead-free reflow etc. and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. A capacitor element having an anode and cathode electrode foils wound via a separator is impregnated with a dispersion comprising conductive polymer particles or powder and a solvent to form a solid electrolyte layer consisting of a conductive polymer, and the voids inside the capacitor element having the solid electrolyte layer formed are filled with an ion-conducting substance comprising a mixed solvent comprising ethylene glycol and ?-butyrolactone together with a solute selected from at least one type of an ammonium salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternized amidinium salt, and an amine salt of an organic acid, an inorganic acid, and a composite compound between organic acid and inorganic acids to obtain a solid electrolytic capacitor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for materials that include conch shell structures, methods of making conch shell slices, devices for storing energy, and the like.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) element includes at least one DSC, and the DSC includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an oxide semiconductor layer provided on the first electrode. The oxide semiconductor layer includes a light absorbing layer provided on the first electrode and a reflecting layer as a layer contacting a portion of a first surface of a side opposite to the first electrode among surfaces of the light absorbing layer and being arranged at a position farthest from the first electrode. The first surface of the light absorbing layer includes a second surface contacting the reflecting layer, and a surface area S1 of the first surface and a surface area S2 of the second surface satisfy the following formula: 0.7?S2/S1<1 The reflecting layer is arranged in an inner side of the first surface of the light absorbing layer.

Abstract: An apparatus including an electrochemical cell defining an aperture therein, the aperture being configured to receive one or more components of an electronic device therein.

Abstract: There is provided an electrolyte capacitor, which has a low ESR, and is superior in the heat resistance and reliable under a hot condition. The electrolyte capacitors in constructed by including a conductive polymer and a conductive auxiliary liquid having a lower conductivity than usual electrolyte, having a structure below. The conductive auxiliary liquid includes a high boiling point organic solvent having a boiling point of 150° C. or more, and an aromatic compound having at least one hydroxyl group. The aromatic compounds preferably includes an aromatic compound having at least one carboxyl group or an aromatic compound having at least one nitro group, or a combination of an aromatic compound having at least one carboxyl group with an aromatic compound having at least one nitro group.

Abstract: An electromagnetic contactor includes a fixed contact portion, a movable contact portion disposed facing the fixed contact portion to contact to and separate from the fixed contact portion, and an arc extinguishing receptacle forming an arc extinguishing chamber housing the fixed contact portion and movable contact portion. Among contact surfaces of the movable contact portion and fixed contact portion facing each other, at least an opposing distance between a contact end portion of the fixed contact portion and a contact end portion of the movable contact portion positioned in a moving direction of an arc generated when separating the movable contact portion from the fixed contact portion is set to increase with increasing proximity to end surfaces on contact end portion sides.

Abstract: In an electrical switch, in particular an electrical microswitch, has at least one electrical contact designed as a hollow-shape section of a component of an electrically conducting material. In this electrical switch, the occurrence of vibrations with the introduction onto an opposing contact is prevented.

Abstract: A security switch has a switch head with an actuator and having a button top. The security switch is mounted in a housing wall. The actuator is designed so as to actuate contact elements of a switch module upon actuation into the switch position. The switch module is extended by a signaling switch block with contact elements located in the signaling flow path, wherein, in the assembly state of the security switch, the signaling switch block is subjected to an actuation pin that is rigidly arranged thereon. if the assembly state is undone or changed, the actuation pin disengages from the signaling switch block and signaling flow path opens. The actuation pin and signaling switch block are located outside the actuation region of the actuator of the security switch.

Abstract: A pressing operation device is configured such that a base and an operating body are linked to each other by a link member. A support-side shaft of the link member is rotatably supported by a bearing of the base. The bearing of the base includes a first regulation portion that regulates movement of the support-side shaft of the link member in an ascending direction of the operating body and a second regulation portion that regulates movement of the support-side shaft in a direction intersecting the ascending direction, and is provided with a flat spring portion that presses the support-side shaft against the second regulation portion and the first regulation portion.

Abstract: A high-stability miniature circuit breaker has a pivotal shaft having a first section, a second section and a shoulder. The diameter of the second section is larger than the first section. The shoulder diameter is larger than the second section. A pivoting lever on the first section limits the axial position of a protruding mesa relative to the shaft by contact fit between the mesa and a thrust surface on the second section. A pivoting latch is on the second section. A first end face fits to a support surface on the shoulder. A second end face fits to the protruding mesa at the other end. The latch controls a drive rod and the lever. A connecting rod separates from the latch when latch hasps are separated and the latch separates from the drive rod which slides along a groove of the lever.

Abstract: For application to medium- and high-voltage circuit breakers, the control device makes it possible to actuate opening of the circuit breakers used in the medium- and high-voltage networks very quickly. The spring used in the control device is a spring of the composite type, having a curved C- or ?-shape. The spring has a stationary first end and a movable second end that is pivotally connected to the end of a lever device, that is itself constrained to rotate with the drive shaft of the control device.

Abstract: A power cord includes a plug having blades and a thermal sensor configured to detect a temperature, and a cut-off means configured to stop electric power from being supplied to the load connection portion from the blades when a temperature detected with the thermal sensor is higher than a prescribed temperature. The plug includes a core which retains the blades and the thermal sensor, and an enclosure which is formed by molding synthetic resin to cover an outside of the core. A part of the thermal sensor protrudes from the core to be buried in the enclosure.

Abstract: A switch device for a vehicular air conditioning system includes a transverse wing surrounded by a knob of an air vent. A circuit board is mounted to an inner side of the transverse wing. The button switch for controlling an air conditioner and an air amount is connected to a switch contact portion of the circuit board to contact the switch contact portion of the circuit board and mounted to an upper surface of the knob. A connector connects a connecting portion formed at a rear portion of the circuit board and an air conditioning controller.

Abstract: An operating device includes an operation member to be push-operated by an operator, a body mounting the operation member so as to be push-operated by the operator, a columnar portion protruding from a surface of the body opposite the operation member; and a resiliently deformable click member disposed between the columnar portion and the operation member to impart a click feeling to the operator. The click member includes a first member located on a side of the operation member and a second member located on a side of the columnar portion and having a smaller external size than the first member.

Abstract: A cycle selector knob to rotary encoder user interface for the operation of an appliance has a knob for rotating a shaft of a rotary encoder wherein the shaft is received by a control panel barrel to provide radial and thrust bearing surfaces. The knob has an axial boss dimensioned to affix to the shaft and bear against the radial bearing surface of the barrel and a shoulder to bear against the thrust bearing surface of the barrel. The control panel is secured to a console so that radial and thrust forces of the knob are directed via the radial and thrust bearing surfaces only to the console through the control panel.

Abstract: A finger activated switching device has an enclosure with a top wall and a bottom wall, the bottom wall movable on a supporting wall. An upper lever is pivotally joined to the enclosure, and is upwardly spaced apart from the top wall in a first rest position yet is upwardly displaceable using finger pressure from below. A lower lever is pivotally joined to the enclosure directly below the upper lever, and spaced apart from it in a second rest position yet is downwardly displaceable using finger pressure. When the levers are displaced from their rest positions a restoring element moves the levers back to their rest positions. Switching elements positioned in force transmission mechanisms with the levers provide electrical switching actions when the levers are displaced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switch spring arrangement for operating a switch, comprising a first spring arm that can be actuated by a card, and at least one second spring arm, with a contact dome at the free end thereof, for operating a switch that is located beneath the contact dome of the second spring arm, wherein the first spring arm can be actuated by the second spring arm.

Abstract: Conventional example is arranged simply to turn a circuit on/off, and not to changeover connection. Sealed relay 1 comprises: insulating tube 2; first relay connect portion 4 attached to one end of insulating tube 2, and provided with first contact 3 on inside surface; second relay connect portion 5 disposed in confrontation with first relay connect portion 4 in insulating tube 2; movable member 7 disposed movably between first and second relay connect portions 4 and 5, and provided with second contact 6 contacting with first contact 3 when moved toward the first relay connect portion; and operating mechanism to move the movable member. Third relay connect portion 10 including third contact 9 is provided between the second and first relay connect portions. Movable member 7 includes a fourth contact contacting with the third contact when the first and second contacts are out of contact from each other.

Abstract: A disconnect system for a solar installation shuts down power upstream from an inverter, so that it is safe for solar field personnel to perform work related to a solar installation. The system actuates multiple disconnect devices in one motion by a linkage assembly which can associate 2-4 disconnect switches with a single handle. This system preferably includes hardware and logic for monitoring the current and voltage output of electrically coupled combiner/recombiner boxes in the solar field, and for wirelessly transmitting this data to a user. A single disconnect cabinet can accommodate 2-20 inputs from associated recombiner boxes with 5 handles or less.

Abstract: A method in a control unit for closing a contactor device. The control unit is configured to enable the movement between the closed and opened position by energizing a coil of an electromagnetic circuit. The method includes applying a voltage over the coil; determining, during a first period of time, current through the coil and voltage over the coil and estimating based thereon model parameters for a model predicting the behavior of the current through the coil if the contactor device were to stay in an open position, and measuring, after the ending of the first period of time, current through the coil and determining a difference between, on the one hand the measured current and, on the other hand a predicted current of the model, and repeating the measuring and determining until a state change from open position to closed position is detected by the difference in current.

Abstract: The electrical contactor (100) according to the invention comprises at least one first switch (104) that includes a first moving contact (112) and several second switches (106) that include a second moving contact (116). The contactor further comprises at least one control device for controlling the movement of the or each first (112), second (116) moving contact, respectively. The control device is capable of controlling the movement of the or each first moving contact (112) into the open position before that of each second moving contact (116) into the open position, and when the or each first moving contact (112) is in the closed position, the second switches (106) are connected in parallel, whereas when the or each first moving contact (112) is in the open position, the second switches (106) are connected in series.

Abstract: A switch assembly including a housing. An escutcheon portion on the front surface of the housing has a raised platform. A transition ramp extends from the platform to a rest area and a finger area is adjacent the rest area. A perimeter frame encloses the finger area so that the escutcheon portion defines opposing notches aligned with the rest area. A handle has a hub with an axial bore so that a pivot pin insert through the axial bore rotatably couples the handle to the housing. A finger grip extends from the hub. The finger grip has a surface for selectively abutting against the rest area and a textured portion for manual actuation when a finger in inserted into the finger area.

Abstract: A fusible link mounting structure, comprising a three-series fusible link formed by providing three pieces of fuse elements in series within a single common housing, a cavity having a mounting space formed according to a size of the common housing for the three-series fusible link, a plurality of tabs projected from a bottom of the cavity into the mounting space, and a monopole fusible link formed by providing a piece of fuse element in a single monopole housing, wherein a total length of the mounting space is set to be shorter than a sum of lengths of three-pieces of the monopole housings, and the tabs are arranged corresponding to positions of fuse terminals provided in the three-series fusible link, and also arranged at such positions that a plurality of the terminals do not interfere with the monopole housing, when the monopole fusible link is mounted in the cavity.

Abstract: A method for providing a superconducting surface on a laser-driven niobium cathode in order to increase the effective quantum efficiency. The enhanced surface increases the effective quantum efficiency by improving the laser absorption of the surface and enhancing the local electric field. The surface preparation method makes feasible the construction of superconducting radio frequency injectors with niobium as the photocathode. An array of nano-structures are provided on a flat surface of niobium. The nano-structures are dimensionally tailored to interact with a laser of specific wavelength to thereby increase the electron yield of the surface.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum tube with a structure close to that of an inexpensive and easily available vacuum fluorescent display which easily operates as an analog amplifier. A vacuum tube subject to the present invention comprises: a filament which is tensioned linearly and emits thermoelectrons, an anode arranged parallel to the filament, and a grid arranged between the filament and the anode such that the grid faces the anode. The present invention is characterized in that a distance between the filament and the grid is between 0.2 mm and 0.6 mm, including 0.2 mm and 0.6 mm.

Abstract: An X-ray generator is provided using a transmission type target having a long life span, where it is possible to change the point for generating X-rays on the surface of the target while maintaining the vacuum chamber in a high vacuum state. A portion of a vacuum chamber 1 that includes a target 2 is linked to a main body portion 1a of the chamber through a linking member 5 as a movable chamber portion 1b. A fixed anode 12 is provided between the target 2 and the electrode 10 at the final stage from among a group of electrodes 8, 9 and 10 for electrostatically accelerating and converging electrons from an electron source 7 and is fixed to the main body portion 1a of the chamber in order to prevent the form of the electrical field from changing when the movable chamber portion 1b is shifted.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an X-ray generator having a simple configuration where heat generated in the irradiation window can be prevented from conducting to a desired portion in accordance with the purpose of use, the method of use or the structure of the X-ray tube. In an X-ray generator for releasing X-rays generated by irradiating a target placed in a vacuumed atmosphere within an X-ray tube with an electron beam from an electron source through an irradiation window of the X-ray tube, the irradiation window has thermal anisotropy where the thermal conductivity is different between the direction in which the irradiation window spreads and the direction of the thickness of the irradiation window, and therefore, the thermal conductivity in the direction in which the heat from the irradiation window is desired not to conduct is made relatively smaller.

Abstract: An electron microscope is offered which can adjust an energy-selecting slit in a short time by smoothly moving the slit. The electron microscope (100) includes an electron beam source (10) emitting an electron beam (EB), an energy filter (22) producing a deflecting field in the path of the electron beam (EB) to disperse the beam (EB) according to energy, a slit plate (24) disposed on an energy dispersive plane and provided with at least one energy-selecting slit (25), a current measuring section (50) for measuring the electrical current of the beam (EB) absorbed into the slit plate (24), and an energy filter controller (60) for controlling the intensity of the deflecting field of the energy filter (22) on the basis of results of measurements made by the current measuring section (50).

Abstract: A deflection plate for deflecting charged particles, the plate comprising a recess is provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for detecting signal charged particles in a charged particle beam device. The method includes emitting a primary charged particle beam, illuminating a specimen with the primary charged particle beam, wherein the primary charged particle beam has a landing energy on the specimen of less than 40 keV, wherein signal charged particles with a first energy spectrum are generated, energy filtering the signal charged particles such that signal charged particles in an energy range from an energy of 85% of the landing energy to 100% propagate for subsequent detection, and detecting the signal charged particles within the energy range using at least one detector.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of electron-beam (e-beam) lithography process. The method includes loading a substrate to an electron-beam (e-beam) system such that a first subset of fields defined on the substrate is arrayed on the substrate along a first direction. The method also includes positioning a plurality of e-beam columns having a first subset of e-beam columns arrayed along the first direction. The e-beam columns of the first subset of e-beam columns are directed to different ones of the first subset of fields. The method also includes performing a first exposing process in a scan mode such that the plurality of e-beam columns scans the substrate along the first direction.

Abstract: When injection of electrons into a sample supporting member causes a potential gradient between an insulative thin film and a conductive thin film at a site of electron beam injection, the potential barrier of the surface of the insulative thin film becomes thin, and an electron emission phenomenon is caused by tunnel effects. Secondary electrons caused in the insulative thin film tunnel to the conductive thin film along the potential gradient. The secondary electrons, having tunneled, reach a sample while diffusing in the conductive thin film. In the case where the sample is a sample with a high electron transmittance, such as a biological sample, the secondary electrons also tunnel through the interior of the sample. The secondary electrons are detected to acquire an SEM image in which the inner structure of the sample is reflected.

Abstract: A charged particle beam drawing apparatus has a drawing unit that directs a charged particle beam and draws a pattern on a target and also has a control calculator that controls the drawing unit. The control calculator has a speed calculating unit configured to calculate a first drawing speed in a first area in a drawing area on the target according to a run-up start coordinate, a drawing start coordinate, and a predetermined first acceleration, and calculate the range of the first area according to the run-up start coordinate, the first acceleration, and a second drawing speed, and also has a drawing control unit configured to control the drawing unit so that, in the first area, drawing is performed at the first drawing speed and, in a second area that follows the first area, drawing is performed at the second drawing speed.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and apparatus for reducing a DC bias on a substrate surface in a plasma processing chamber due to cross coupling of RF power to an electrode coupled to the substrate. This is brought about via tuning of a resonant circuit coupled between the substrate and ground based on indirect measurements of harmonics of the RF field level at a surface of the substrate. The resulting reduction in DC bias allows a lower ion energy than possible without this resonant circuit and tuning thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for producing a reflection-reducing layer on a surface (21) of a plastics substrate (20). The apparatus comprises a first sputtering device (3) for applying a base layer (22) to the surface (21) of the plastics substrate (20), a plasma source (4) for plasma-etching the coated substrate surface (21), and a second sputtering device (5) for applying a protective layer (24) to the substrate surface (21). These processing devices (3, 4, 5) are arranged jointly in a vacuum chamber (2), which has inlets (8) for processing gases. In order to move the substrate (20) between the processing devices (3, 4, 5) in the interior of the vacuum chamber (2), a conveying apparatus (10) is provided which is preferably in the form of a rotary table (11). Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such a reflection-reducing layer on the surface (21) of the plastics substrate (20).

Abstract: A processing apparatus may include a plasma chamber to house a plasma; and an extraction assembly disposed along a side of the plasma chamber. The extraction assembly may be configured to direct ions from the plasma to a substrate, wherein the ions generate etched species comprising material that is etched from the substrate; and wherein the extraction assembly comprises at least one component having a recess that faces the substrate and is configured to intercept and retain the etched species.