Abstract: Multi-tap switchable antenna apparatus for use with mobile devices and other applications, and methods of utilizing the same. In one embodiment, the multi-tap switchable antenna apparatus includes a main radiator coupled to an antenna feed or source. Galvanically connected to the main radiator is a plurality of switchable antenna radiators which are in turn connected to an nPmT switch. The output of the nPmT switch can be connected to a variety of differing electronic component impedances. By altering the state of the nPmT switch, the operational length of the antenna (and hence, the operational frequency band of the antenna) can be varied. Performance characteristics associated with a given implementation of the multi-tap switchable apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: An antenna array may include a plurality of co-planar antenna elements forming a sub-array, and at least one non-planar antenna element configured to tilt relative to a planar orientation of the sub-array to provide an air-to-ground service.

Abstract: A phased array antenna system may include a plurality of radio frequency (RF) tile sub-arrays arranged in a certain pattern to define an RF aperture. Each RF tile sub-array may include a multiplicity of RF elements and each RF element may be separately controlled for steering or tracking an RF beam generated or received by the RF element. The phased array antenna system may also include an antenna controller configured to process data for steering or tracking one or more RF beams by the multiplicity of RF elements. The antenna controller may additionally include a plurality of aperture state machines. An aperture state machine may be associated with each RF tile sub-array for controlling operation of the associated RF tile sub-array. The phased array antenna system may further include a plurality of RF tile buses. One RF tile bus operatively couples each aperture state machine to the RF tile sub-array.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit. The photonic integrated circuit includes: a plurality of antenna elements, an element of the plurality of antenna elements having an electrical port and including: a first laser configured to produce laser light of a first wavelength; and a first radiative patch conditionally connected to the electrical port and connected, by an optical connection, to the laser, the first radiative patch including, as a major component, a semiconductor material configured to be conductive when illuminated by light having the first wavelength, and to be nonconductive when not illuminated, the first radiative patch being configured, when conductive, to convert an electric signal received at the electrical port to radiated electromagnetic waves, or to convert received electromagnetic waves to an electrical signal at the electrical port.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for implementing antenna modularization, comprising: dividing components of an antenna, forming antenna modules by the divided components, and setting types of the antenna modules. Also disclosed are a device for implementing antenna modularization and antenna modules.

Abstract: A horn antenna, able to propagate signals in a spectrum of frequencies B1, . . . , Bi, . . . , BN, B1 being the lowest frequency band, Bi being at least one intermediate frequency band and BN the highest frequency band, comprises a side wall axisymmetric about a longitudinal axis Z, an axial access orifice, termed throat, and a radiating aperture, the side wall comprising annular corrugations. The horn antenna further comprises four coaxial probes diametrically opposite in pairs. The four probes are inserted into a specific, dedicated corrugation, the four coaxial probes being spaced apart at equal angles in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis Z and entering the longitudinal axial conduit of the horn antenna. Each coaxial probe is designed for the propagation of signals in the lowest frequency band B1 of the spectrum.

Abstract: An antenna device including: a core formed by magnetic material; a terminal attachment unit arranged on one end side of the core; a coil which is arranged on the outer circumferential side of the core and concurrently, which is formed by winding a conductive wire; a plurality of terminal members which are mounted on the terminal attachment unit and concurrently, each of which is electrically connected with a terminal of the conductive wire or an electronic component at any position thereof; a connector connecting unit provided with a connector hole into which an external connector is inserted; and a partition unit partitioning the terminal attachment unit and the connector connecting unit, wherein a terminal hole is provided at the partition unit, and at least two or more of the terminal members are plugged-in into the terminal hole and concurrently, are mounted in a state of protruding toward the connector hole.

Abstract: A hybrid antenna (and related method for manufacturing the antenna) includes a dielectric substrate and a stamping element. The stamping element includes a main radiator, a first holder, a second holder, a feeding element, an extension branch, a first trace, and a first via. The main radiator is substantially disposed above the dielectric substrate. The first holder is coupled to a first end of the main radiator. The second holder is coupled to a second end of the main radiator. The feeding element is coupled to a signal source. The extension branch is substantially disposed below the dielectric substrate, and is coupled between the second holder and the feeding element. The first trace is disposed on a second surface of the dielectric substrate, and the first via is formed through the dielectric substrate, and coupled between an end of the first trace and the first holder.

Abstract: Multi-radio antenna apparatuses and stations for wireless networks including multiple radios coupled to a single transmit/receive antenna, in which the antenna is highly synchronized by an external (e.g., GPS) signal. These multi-radio antenna systems may provide highly resilient links. Synchronization may allow these apparatuses to organically scale the transmission throughput while preventing data loss. The single transmit/receive antenna may have a single dish or a compound (e.g., a single pair of separate transmitting and receiving dishes) and connections for two or more radios.

Abstract: Provided is an antenna device having a structure that suppresses deterioration in performance as a profile becomes lower. Four FM band antenna elements and two AM band antenna elements are arranged side by side on an antenna base. Further, a circuit board including synthesis circuits in one-to-one correspondence with the antenna elements, respectively, is arranged in an inner space of the antenna elements. In order that omnidirectionality may be exhibited in a horizontal plane, each of the antenna elements includes a helically wound linear conductor, and a planar conductor that is electrically connected to the linear conductor at a part substantially the farthest from a ground plane (antenna base.

Abstract: In some examples, an FMCW radar array includes a housing, a transmit array comprising a plurality of transmit antenna elements configured to output an FMCW transmit beam, a receive array comprising a plurality of receive antenna elements, and a slotted choke disposed between the transmit array and the receive array. The transmit array and the receive array may be mechanically coupled to the housing. In some examples, the slotted choke comprises a plurality of slots having dimensions selected to provide cancelation of electromagnetic radiation from the frequency modulated continuous wave transmit beam to reduce a magnitude of radiation from the transmit array to which the receive array is indirectly exposed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a dual polarized thumbtack radiator having enhanced dissipation. In embodiments, a power divider resistor for a balun is coupled directly to ground plane blocks that provide a RF shield. An attachment mechanism, such as a screw secures the thumbtack assembly to an aperture plate and provides thermal and electrical connection.

Abstract: A connector is disclosed. The connector comprises a housing having an insertion passageway, an operating lever having an end pivotably connected to the housing, and a spring having a first end fixed to the operating lever and an opposite second end extending into an interior of the connector. The operating lever is movable between an open position and a closed position. The second end of the spring closes the insertion passageway when the operating lever is in the closed position.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to an electrical component for a high-voltage installation. The electrical component in a coaxial arrangement, has an electrical conductor which extends along an axis and is connected to high-voltage potential and a rigid insulating body. The insulting body is fastened on the electrical conductor and surrounds the electrical conductor. A mounting flange is fastened on the insulating body, and is connected to ground potential. A dome-shaped control electrode is electrically connectively connected to the electrical conductor and is fastened to one end of the electrical conductor. During operation of the installation, the control electrode controls the electrical field between the electrical conductor and the mounting flange.

Abstract: A coaxial cable connector includes an inner barrel having a longitudinal axis, a front end, a rear end, and a compression band between the front and rear ends. A compression collar is mounted to the inner barrel for axial movement over the inner barrel from a retracted position to an advanced position. An inner post of the connector has opposed front and rear ends, and the front end of the inner barrel is carried at and on the rear end of the inner post. In response to axial movement of the compression collar over the inner barrel, the compression band compresses inward. When a cable is applied to the connector and the compression collar is moved axially forward over the inner barrel, the connector is permanently secured to the cable.

Abstract: A terminal block connection structure includes: a connector connected to intermediate parts of a plurality of power lines; a bus bar unit including a plurality of bus bars and at least one resin member; a terminal block being configured such that the distal ends of the plurality of power lines are connected to each other via the bus bar unit. The plurality of bus bars each includes a first plate portion fixed to the terminal block and a second plate portion bent from one end of the first plate portion. The connector is fitted to the resin member which is configured to prevent a movement of the connector in at least one direction out of moving directions of the connector.

Abstract: A secondary disconnect assembly is for an electrical switching apparatus, such as a power circuit breaker. The secondary disconnect assembly includes a terminal block mount having a number of first mounting features, at least one terminal block, and at least one accessory plug. Each terminal block includes a number of receptacles and a number of second mounting features, which cooperate with the first mounting features to properly align, mount and stabilize the terminal block on the terminal block mount. Each accessory plug includes a number of contact alignment features structured to align and guide the accessory plug into a corresponding one of the receptacles.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for making contact with an electrical conductor (10, 20), in particular a cable conductor of a power supply cable, wherein the apparatus (1) has a connecting body (4) which delimits a receiving space (6) into which the conductor (10, 20) with which contact is to be made can be inserted by way of its end, and wherein the apparatus (1) has a contact medium (30) with which electrical contact can be made with the end of the conductor (10, 20) under the action of a contact force, characterized in that the contact medium (30) has a large umber of electrically conductive contact bodies (32) which are introduced into the receiving space (6) and bear against one another and of which at least some can be brought into electrical contact-making contact with the end of the conductor (10, 20).

Abstract: A pin attach converter for coupling an electrical contact to a printed circuit board may include a compliant region having a first length adapted to traverse an aperture in a printed circuit board and provide mechanical and electrical registry with at least one wall of the aperture. The pin attach converter may also include an adapter region coupled to the compliant region, and having a cavity with a second length and adapted to receive the electrical contact, where the second length extends along a same longitudinal axis as the first length, and the cavity is adapted to provide mechanical and electrical registry with the electrical contact.

Abstract: A connector is configured such that a socket housing (31) is engaged with a header housing as to cause a socket-side signal terminal (32) to contact a header-side signal terminal and as to cause a socket-side power source terminal (33) to contact a header-side power source terminal. The socket-side signal terminal (32) and the socket-side power source terminal are arranged in a longitudinal direction of the socket housing (31). In the socket-side power source terminal and the header-side power source terminal, contact points to contact each other are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the socket housing (31). Tongues (35, 36) are formed in the socket-side power source terminal (33). the contact points are provided at the tongues (35, 36), respectively.

Abstract: Various apparatus and methods of electrically connecting a packaged integrated circuit to a circuit board are disclosed. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a first frame to be mounted on the circuit board and having a first end. An insulating housing is adapted to be mounted on the circuit board and positioned in the first frame. A second frame is pivotally coupled to the first frame. The second frame includes two spaced-apart rail members and a cross member coupled to and between the rail members opposite the first end of the second frame. The rail members are operable to receive the packaged integrated circuit. The second frame has at least one engagement member to engage a first portion of the insulating housing when the second frame is pivoted toward the insulating housing. A third frame is pivotally coupled to the first frame to apply force to the packaged integrated circuit.

Abstract: A contact of an electrical connector is disclosed. The contact comprises a surface having a surface cross-sectional thickness and a groove formed in the surface having a welded cross-sectional thickness less than the surface cross-sectional thickness. The contact is welded to a mating contact of a mating electrical connector at the groove.

Abstract: A conductive terminal is provided which includes a base unit, two elastic contact pieces, a tail unit and two contact plates. The base unit includes a bottom plate extending along a front-rear direction and two side plates integrally extending upwardly from a left and right sides of the bottom plate respectively. The two elastic contact pieces are arranged side by side, each elastic contact piece comprises a connecting portion bent upwardly from a front end of the bottom plate, an arm portion extending rearwardly from the connecting portion, positioned above the bottom plate and spaced apart from the bottom plate, and a first contact portion positioned at a rear end of the arm portion. The tail unit is connected to a rear end of the bottom plate. The two contact plates are respectively bent from two upper edges of two front ends of the two side plates toward each other.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus, including a parent unit connector to which a child unit connector of a child unit is connected includes a cutaway portion formed in an upper edge portion of the electronic apparatus, a connector cover covering the parent unit connector and having an end portion extending into the inside the cutaway portion, and a pivoting mechanism configured to cause the connector cover to pivot in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the child unit connector of the child unit is connected to the parent unit connector.

Abstract: An electrical connector (100) comprises an insulative housing (1), a cover (50) and a plurality of terminals (32) retained in the insulative housing (1). The insulative housing (1) includes a base (10), the base (10) defines a first region (13) disposed on the lower surface thereof The electrical connector (100) further comprises a body portion (40) injection molded on the first region (13). The body portion (40) is disposed between the insulative housing (1) and the cover (50) and defining at least one spot-welded portion (43). The cover (50) is spot-welded on the spot-welded portion (43) of body portion (40) so as to cover the insuilative housing (1).

Abstract: An electrical connector comprising an insulative housing defining a base which includes a first region and a first recess and a plurality of terminal grooves; and a terminal module which received in said first recess, including a plurality of terminals received in said terminal grooves respectively and a substrate insert-molded upon said terminals; wherein said first recess communicates with said first region and said terminal grooves are surrounded commonly by said first region and said first recess; wherein said electrical connector includes a main portion over-molded in said first region and said first recess.

Abstract: A watertight connector has a one-piece rubber plug (50) on a rear part of a housing (70), and a rear holder (30) to be locked to the housing (70) is behind the rubber plug (50). A receptacle 10 is fit externally to the housing (70) from the front and closely contacts lips (55) of the rubber plug (50). The receptacle (10) includes short side walls (15) facing each other in a first direction and long side walls (14) facing each other in a second direction. The rear holder (30) includes short surfaces (38) at inner sides of the short side walls (15) and long surfaces (37) at inner sides of the long side walls (14). Holder-side escaping portions (43) retracted more backward than front ends of the long surfaces (37) are provided on front ends of the short surfaces (38) of the rear holder (30).

Abstract: A one-piece rubber plug (50) is arranged on a rear end part of a housing (70) and a rear holder (30) to be locked to the housing (70) is arranged behind the rubber plug (50). A receptacle (10) is fit externally to the housing (70) from front and an opening end part of the receptacle (10) is held in close contact with lips (55) of the rubber plug (50). The receptacle (10) includes short side walls (15) that face each other in a first direction and long side walls (14) that face each other in a second direction. Receptacle-side escaping portions (19) retracted more in a front-back direction than inner peripheries of opening end parts of the long side walls (14) are provided on inner peripheries of opening end parts of the short side walls (15).

Abstract: A ganged electrical receptacle unit with locking feature includes a plurality of receptacles and a lock housing. The electrical receptacles are ganged together. The lock housing extends from a front of the receptacles and includes a pair of opposed side supports, a pair of torsion bars, each extending between the opposed side supports, a lock tab extending from each torsion bar toward the receptacle, and a release tab extending from each torsion bar away from the receptacle. A plug may be inserted into the lock housing causing temporary deflection of the lock tabs until the plug is seated in, and electrically connected with, the receptacle, at which point the lock tabs return to their undeflected positions and retain the plug in the receptacle. The release tabs may be depressed to release the lock tabs from the plug, thereby permitting the withdrawal of the plug from the lock housing.

Abstract: Patch cords include a communications cable that has first through eighth conductors that are arranged as four twisted pairs and a plug attached thereto. The plug includes a housing that receives the cable, first through eighth plug contacts, and a printed circuit board that includes first through eighth conductive paths that connect the first through eighth conductors to the respective first through eighth plug contacts. The plug further includes a first crosstalk injection circuit between the second conductive path and the sixth conductive path and a second crosstalk injection circuit between the first conductive path and the sixth conductive path.

Abstract: A receptacle connector mounted to the printed circuit board, includes an insulative housing defining a mating tongue and a metallic shell enclosing the housing to form a mating cavity in which said mating tongue forwardly extends. A complementary plug connector includes a shell with a bull-nose tip. A metallic piece is mounted around a root of the mating tongue and equipped with a plurality of spring tangs to contact the relatively rigid bull-nose tip of the shell of the complementary connector for EMI/RFI protection.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present apparatus provides weight-bearing support for a lamp, while providing electrical connectivity by one or more USB ports. The apparatus may comprise a base, a wall, and a lid with a top surface. One or more parts may be molded as one and connected to one or more of the other parts using any selection or combination of threads, click-in-place mechanisms, or the like. The apparatus may be made of any appropriate material, such as a metal or metal alloy, plastic, or a combination of materials.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes: an insulative housing including a mating face, a mating cavity extending through the mating face in a front-to-rear direction, and a pair of light receiving slots situated above the mating cavity and extending through the mating face in the front-to-rear direction; a pair of light emitting diodes (LEDs) each mounted in a corresponding light receiving slot, each LED having a lighting portion and a pair of leads extending rearwardly from the lighting portion; and an adapting terminal module including an insulative body mounted on a rear side of the insulative housing and four adapting terminals retained to the insulative body, each adapting terminal having a cooperating portion interference fit with the lead; wherein the cooperating portion is resiliently connected with the lead of the LED, the insulative body includes a retaining post, and the lead is retained between the retaining post and the cooperating portion.

Abstract: A power strip for powering a variety of electronics and devices is provided. The power strip comprises a housing having a top surface, a pair of end surfaces, and a pair of side surfaces. A three pronged master plug extends from the housing for providing power to the power strip. An activation switch is mounted on the housing with the activation switch alternatingly powering on and powering off the power strip. At least one power socket is mounted to the housing. At least one lighting device is mounted to the housing for illuminating the at least one power socket. The at least one lighting device illuminates the at least one power socket improving the visibility of the at least one power socket and expediting appliance and device connection.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to intravascular imaging catheters and methods of making catheters for imaging systems. The invention provides a connector for an imaging catheter that includes a unitary body with very thin electrical contacts that are formed on the surface of the body. Due to the scale of the contacts, the connector operates essentially as a single unitary piece of material.

Abstract: A connector includes an insulating base, a plurality of pins and a metal enhancing plate. The insulating base has a first surface, a second surface and a side surface, wherein the first surface is opposite to the second surface, and the side surface is connected between the first surface and the second surface. The pins are disposed on the first surface and include a power pin, wherein a section of the side surface is aligned with the power pin. The metal enhancing plate is disposed on the second surface, wherein the metal enhancing plate does not extend to the section of the side surface.

Abstract: A wrapped electrical cable, such as a charging cable, is disclosed which is more rugged than standard electrical cables. The electrical cable includes plug heads with a hole therethrough for receiving a cable, and a cable extending from the hole through one plug head to the hole through the opposing plug head. The cable and cord may be further wrapped in a sheath of cord, such as paracord. The cord may have connectors on either end, allowing a user to loop the cord for carrying and/or storage and/or hooking the cord to a load, or daisy chain multiple cords together to lengthen the cord. The plug heads and/or caps may be formed at least partly of transparent material and include one or more light sources/ The plug heads may also include two or more connector types in a single plug head.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lock mechanism for a hand tool having two handles, which comprises: a latch and a retainer for retaining the latch. The latch comprises: a disc and a shaft passing through and fixed with the disc. The shaft is coaxial with the disc. The lock mechanism is disposed within the hand tool.

Abstract: A universal compact compression tool includes a vise assembly having different sets of jaws. The different sets of jaws are for holding different connectors during installation on a cable. A shaft on the tool is mounted to move between advanced and retracted positions with respect to the vise assembly. On the shaft, a plunger is mounted to move between first and second positions. In the first position of the plunger, the plunger is advanced on the shaft. In the second position of the plunger, the plunger is retracted on the shaft. The user sets the plunger in either the first or the second position depending on the type of connector to be installed on the cable. Once selected, and with the connector in the vise assembly, the user closes a lever of the tool to move the shaft to the advanced position, thereby applying the connector to the cable.

Abstract: The invention is related to a cassette for machining a connector. The cassette is detachably disposed in a tool body having a head and a driving element. The direction of motion of the driving element defines a first axle. The cassette comprises: a cassette body and a machining block. The cassette body is detachably disposed in an opening of the head of the tool body and has a machining opening therein. The machining block is slidably disposed in the cassette body along the first axle and has an engagement element detachably engaged with the driving element of the tool body. Through the engagement element, the driving element drives the machining block to slide along the first axle to move toward or away from the machining opening.

Abstract: A crimp tool for concurrently crimping and trimming includes a first jaw member and a second jaw member pivotally coupled to the first and second jaw members moveable between a crimp position and a release position. The crimp tool also includes a first crimp die coupled to the first jaw member and having a first recessed surface and a second crimp die coupled to the second jaw member and having a second recessed surface, the first and second recessed surfaces being complementary to each other and forming a crimping opening in the crimp position to receive a connector having a conductor received therein. The crimp tool includes cutting members that are spaced apart relative to the respective jaw members to trim an exposed inner conductor of the conductor when substantially abutting one another in the crimp position, and may be adjustable depending on the desired protrusion of the inner conductor. Related methods to use the same are also provided.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes an optical reflector with one or two bus optical waveguides and a one-dimensional, photonic crystal nanobeam cavity to provide single-mode reflection with a narrow bandwidth. In particular, the nanobeam cavity may be implemented on a nanobeam-cavity optical waveguide (such as a channel or ridge optical waveguide), which is optically coupled to the one or two bus optical waveguides. The nanobeam-cavity optical waveguide may include notches along a symmetry axis of the nanobeam-cavity optical waveguide that are partially etched from edges of the nanobeam-cavity optical waveguide toward a center of the nanobeam-cavity optical waveguide. Furthermore, a fill factor of the notches may vary as a function of location along the symmetry axis, while a pitch of the notches is unchanged, to define the nanobeam cavity.

Abstract: The present invention describes a solid-state laser device based on a twisted-mode cavity and a volume grating, which comprises: a pumping source for emitting pump light; an optical resonator, which comprises: a cavity mirror, which is a high reflective mirror for introducing the pump light into the optical resonator; an output coupler, which is a reflective volume Bragg grating spaced away from the cavity mirror; a twisted-mode cavity, which includes: a first wave plate, located at one side close to the pumping source; a second wave plate, located at another side far away from the pumping source; a gain medium, located between the first wave plate and the second wave plate for generating a fundamental frequency laser; a focusing unit, located between the pumping source and the optical resonator for focusing the pump light emitting from the pumping source to the optical resonator.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser light source includes a semiconductor substrate formed of a first conductivity type semiconductor material, a lower cladding layer formed of the first conductivity type semiconductor material on the semiconductor substrate, a waveguide layer on the lower cladding layer, and an upper cladding layer formed of a second conductivity type semiconductor material on the waveguide layer. The waveguide layer includes a core area and rib areas thinner than the core area on either side of the core area. The core area has a quantum dot active layer, and the rib areas have no quantum dot layer. The waveguide layer forms a laser part having the core area with a constant width and a spot size converter having the core area with a taper width from a side adjacent to the laser part toward an end of the spot size converter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of optical communication, particularly to an optical module. An optical module according to embodiments of the disclosure includes: a laser device including an emission region, and a modulation region to which light emitted by the emission region is transmitted; a bias circuit connected with the emission region, configured to drive the emission region to emit light at stable optical power; a modulation circuit connected with the modulation region, configured to drive the modulation region, so that the modulation region varies the optical power of the light emitted from the emission region; and a semiconductor optical amplifier configured to receive the light from the modulation region, and to vary the optical power of the light.

Abstract: Provided is a laser system that includes a laser head having a laser holder configured to house a laser beam and a lens for reflecting the laser beam at a predetermined wavelength, and a thermal-mechanical adjustment device disposed on the laser head and configured to adjust a temperature and an alignment of the laser beam, to maintain the predetermined wavelength of the laser beam.

Abstract: Example photoconductive devices and example methods for using photoconductive devices are described. An example method may include providing a photoconductive device having a metal-semiconductor-metal structure. The method may also include controlling, based on a first input state, illumination of the photoconductive device by a first optical beam during a time period, and controlling, based on a second input state, illumination of the photoconductive device by a second optical beam during the time period. Further, the method may include detecting an amount of current produced by the photoconductive device during the time period, and based on the detected amount of current, providing an output indicative of the first input state and the second input state. The example devices can be used individually as discrete components or in integrated circuits for memory or logic applications.

Abstract: Embodiments are notably directed to a vertical microcavity. The vertical microcavity includes a first reflector and a second reflector, each of which includes one or more material layers extending perpendicular to a vertical axis x. The cavity may further include a confinement region extending between the first reflector and the second reflector, so as to be able to confine an electromagnetic wave. The confinement region may include a single layer material, which is structured so as to create an effective refractive index variation for the electromagnetic wave to be confined, in an average plane of the single layer material, perpendicularly to said vertical axis x. Additional examples are further directed to related microcavity systems and methods of fabrication.

Abstract: An edge emitting laser light source and a three-dimensional (3D) image obtaining apparatus including the edge emitting laser light source are provided. The edge emitting laser light source includes a substrate; an active layer disposed on the substrate; a wavelength selection section comprising grating regions configured to select wavelengths of light emitted from the active layer; and a gain section configured to resonate the light having the selected wavelengths in a direction parallel with the active layer.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for the fabrication of GaN-based vertical cavity surface-emitting devices featuring a silicon-diffusion defined current blocking layer (CBL). Such devices include vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and resonant-cavity light-emitting diode (RCLED). The silicon-diffused P-type GaN region can be converted into N-type GaN and thereby attaining a current blocking effect under reverse bias. And the surface of the silicon-diffused area is flat so the thickness of subsequent optical coating is uniform across the emitting aperture.