Abstract: An example operation may include a method comprising one or more of recording a first audio sample at a set of waypoints, traveling, by a device, down a route, reaching a first waypoint, notifying the device to record a second audio sample when the device is not at a destination, comparing the second audio sample with each first audio sample, notifying the device to return to a previous waypoint when the comparison does not match, and notifying the device to continue when the comparison does match.

Abstract: This specification discloses a positioning method and a mobile device. The method is applied to a mobile device having a sensor system and a positioning system, and the method includes: determining that the mobile device is in a preset state; determining a speed reference value of the mobile device based on data detected by the sensor system, and determining a position reference value of the mobile device based on preset map data and an estimated positioning value that is output by the positioning system; and correcting, based on the speed reference value and the position reference value, an estimated speed value and the estimated positioning value that are output by the positioning system. Positioning precision can be improved by using the foregoing technical solution.

Abstract: A method for localization of a moving object includes obtaining a digital map comprising road feature information, receiving position change information of the moving object, and obtaining trace feature information of the moving object by processing the position change information of the moving object. The method further includes determining a localization of the moving object according to similarity between the trace feature information of the moving object and the road feature information.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to process probe data in accordance with a map-centric map matching technique. Methods may include obtaining a road link from a database of a plurality of road links; calculating a boundary separation distance for spacing vertices along a length of the road link; determining a sequence of vertices along the road link according to the boundary separation distance; generating, for each vertex, a spatial boundary where an overlap between spatial boundaries of adjacent vertices extends a first distance from the road link, where the first distance is a minimum distance from the road link; and providing for storage of a spatial boundary structure for the road link including the plurality of spatial boundaries associated with the road link.

Abstract: A method map matches probe data to a candidate road segment or node. Methods may include: searching for candidate road segments or nodes for each probe data point to be matched to, where searching for candidate road segments or nodes includes: searching within a predefined radius of each probe data point for road segments or nodes and in response to no road segments or nodes being found within the predefined radius of the respective probe data point, iteratively increasing the predefined radius and searching again until a predefined maximum radius is reached or at least two road segment candidates or node candidates are found; map matching each probe data point to a respective road segment candidate or node candidate based on the road segment candidate or node candidate found in the search; and generating a path based on the map matched probe data points from a respective probe.

Abstract: A method and device for generating a highly precise map, including a step of receiving surrounding-area data values, which represent a surrounding area of a vehicle, the surrounding area encompassing at least one static surrounding-area feature and at least one mobile surrounding-area feature; including a step of receiving movement data values, which represent a movement of the at least one mobile surrounding-area feature in the surrounding area of the vehicle; including a step of generating a highly precise map on the basis of the surrounding-area data values, using the at least one static surrounding-area feature, and excluding the at least one mobile surrounding-area feature, the exclusion occurring as a function of the movement; and including a step of providing the highly precise map.

Abstract: An embodiment may involve obtaining data representing a transportation map, a greenspace map, a noise map, and a crime map of a geographical location. The transportation map represents route segments within the geographical location, the greenspace map represents natural features within the geographical location, the noise map represents human-made noise within the geographical location, and the crime map represents reported crimes within the geographical location. The embodiment may also involve, for each of the route segments: (i) calculating a restorative score that is proportional to an amount of natural features associated with the respective route segment in the greenspace map, inversely proportional to an amount of human-made noise associated with the respective route segment in the noise map, and inversely proportional to an amount of crime associated with the respective route segment in the crime map.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for managing waste services. The system may have a locating device configured to generate a signal indicative of a location of a service vehicle on a roadway, a communication device, and a controller in communication with the locating and communication devices. The controller may be configured to determine a side of the roadway at which a first target location is currently being serviced by the service vehicle, and to determine based on the signal from the locating device a proximity of the service vehicle to a second target location at which the waste services are to be performed. The second target location may be on the same side of the roadway as the first target location. The controller may also be configured to automatically provide via the communicating device an estimated time of arrival to a customer corresponding to the second target location, based on the proximity.

Abstract: A computerized system may be configured for: determining a travel route to an event; causing a display of a smart device of a vehicle of a user to display the travel route; determining a parking location proximate to the event; modifying the travel route to include the parking location; identifying an item of a third party entity located proximate to the event; placing an order for the item in response to determining that a trigger event has occurred; causing a display of the user's mobile device to display information about the order once the vehicle has arrived at the parking location and the user is no longer collocated with the vehicle; determining that the mobile device of the user is collocated with a remote device of the third party entity; and transferring resources from the user to the third party entity to complete the order.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a controller. The controller is configured to: start guidance processing for a first route in response to a route guidance request, search for second routes as alternatives to the first route when it is determined that a user terminal that is a source of the route guidance request will be delayed from the first route, acquire a start time of a first schedule that is a purpose of a travel along the first route and a first location associated with the first schedule, determine whether or not arrival at the first location before the start time will be achieved through a travel along each of the second routes, and output information about each of the second routes and information about whether or not arrival at the first location before the start time will be achieved through a travel along each of the second routes.

Abstract: A method for vehicle sharing service may include obtaining, from a terminal device, a location of the terminal device via a network. The method may also include obtaining, from the terminal device, information associated with a vehicle, the information including an identifier of a short-range wireless communication module of the vehicle. The short-range wireless communication module may emit a short-range wireless signal. The information associated with the vehicle may further include an intensity of the short-range wireless signal determined by the terminal device. The method may further include determining a location area of the vehicle based on the location of the terminal device and the intensity of the short-range wireless signal.

Abstract: A method for searching for a ride offer that includes receiving a plurality of ride offers that specify a route that a vehicle passes along. The method further receives location information of an origin and a destination for a passenger, and a preference of the passenger for at least one of a get-on point and a get-off point. The method further determines an origin candidate point that satisfies the preference for the get-on point, and determines an origin route being one of the routes specified in the plurality of ride offers and passes through the origin candidate point. The method further determines a destination candidate point that satisfies the preference for the get-off point, determines a destination route that passes through the destination candidate point, and determines an optimum route to suggest to the passenger, wherein the optimum route includes both the origin route and the destination route in common.

Abstract: A ride-sharing assistance system includes a plurality of terminals and a ride-sharing assistance apparatus capable of communicating with each of the plurality of terminals. The ride-sharing assistance apparatus sends, when the number of inquiry signals received from at least two terminals of the plurality of terminals for requesting inquiry about a parking space available at a same destination is greater than a vacancy reference value in accordance with the number of available parking spaces within a certain range from the destination, a suggestion signal for suggesting ride-sharing on a vehicle owned by any one of users of the at least two terminals, from which the inquiry signal has been sent, to each of the at least two terminals from which the inquiry signal has been sent.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a system and method for providing transport service. The method may include receiving, via a communication interface, transport tasks within an area. The method may further include clustering, by a processor, the transport tasks into groups, and searching for, by the processor, transport capacity for the groups. The method may also include assigning, via the communication interface, the transport capacity to each group.

Abstract: There is provided a route guidance apparatus including a route search unit which searches for at least one route, to a predetermined destination, which is to be traveled by an electric vehicle propelled by electric power stored in a secondary battery provided within the vehicle, and a power consumption calculation unit which calculates power consumption of the electric vehicle when a route to a destination, which was searched for by the route search unit, is traveled by the electric vehicle, based on information on electric power to be consumed when the electric vehicle travels and geographical information relating to the route.

Abstract: Presented are techniques of identifying, processing and displaying data point clusters associated with map information in an efficient manner Methods and systems are disclosed which process map information to identify clusters of requested data points for display, based on iterative clustering and filtering of the data points. Methods and systems are also disclosed which generate polygons representing the clusters. The amount of data to be processed and/or displayed can be reduced, without loss of any associated information content in a displayed map.

Abstract: An automatic driving method and an automatic driving device are provided. The method includes: determining whether a target vehicle travels on a pre-defined commuting route, where the commuting route is a fixed route on which the target vehicle travels at a frequency higher than a predetermined frequency threshold; acquiring target travel information corresponding to the commuting route if the target vehicle travels on the pre-defined commuting route, where the target travel information includes a historical running trajectory of the target vehicle on the commuting route; and controlling the target vehicle to perform automatic drive on the commuting route based on the target travel information.

Abstract: In an example system, an hours of service system may be integrated with a navigation system and configured to dynamically change a driver's route based on changing real time conditions and remaining hours of service. This system may then automatically route a driver to a new, e.g. closer, stop when necessary so that the driver and his carrier may comply with an hours of service requirement.

Abstract: A system and method for providing navigation route are provided. The system and the method may obtain a location of a service provider designated to receive a service order from a service requestor. The system and the method may generate one or more candidate navigation routes based on the service order and the location of the service provider. The system and the method may send the one or more candidate navigation routes to the service requestor. The system and the method may obtain a candidate navigation route determined by the service requestor. The system and the method may send the determined candidate navigation route to the service provider.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a first time period during which a user arrives from a first geographical location to a second geographical location, and collecting, in the first time period, accelerations in a horizontal direction. The method further includes determining, based on an acceleration change in the horizontal direction, a second time period from a moment at which the user departs from the first geographical location to a moment at which a bus begins to move after the user takes the bus. The method further includes collecting a plurality of geographical locations of the user in the second time period. The method further includes performing clustering on the plurality of geographical locations to determine a geographical location whose collection quantity meets a condition. The method further includes using the geographical location whose collection quantity meets the condition as a geographical location at which the user takes the bus.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a stand-alone self-driving material-transport vehicle are provided. A method includes: displaying a graphical map on a graphical user-interface device based on a map stored in a storage medium of the vehicle, receiving a navigation instruction based on the graphical map, and navigating the vehicle based on the navigation instruction. As the vehicle navigates, it senses features of an industrial facility using its sensor system, and locates the features relative to the map. Subsequently, the vehicle stores the updated map including the feature on the vehicle's storage medium. The map can then be shared with other vehicles or a fleet-management system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for personalizing a navigation route. The method includes receiving a request from a user for a navigation route between two or more points. The method further includes accessing navigation data and services, creating a generic navigation route, accessing route history and related data for the user, creating a personalized navigation route for the user, and displaying the personalized navigation route.

Abstract: In a navigation system including a mobile terminal and an in-vehicle apparatus mounted on a vehicle, the in-vehicle apparatus includes a vehicle navigation unit to guide the vehicle from a vehicle navigation starting point to a vehicle navigation destination, and the mobile terminal includes: a display unit to present image information; a walking navigation unit to guide a route for movement on foot from a walking navigation starting point to a walking navigation destination; and a starting point output unit to output, to the display unit, a photographed image of surrounding of the vehicle navigation destination, and auxiliary information indicating the walking navigation starting point by combining with the photographed image.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor device includes a magnet to form a magnetic field in a conveyance path of a detection target, a magnetoresistance effect element to output a change in the magnetic field as a change in a resistance value, a casing to enclose or hold the magnet and the magnetoresistance effect element, a cover to cover the magnetoresistance effect element and form a conveyance path surface that is a surface along the conveyance path, and a signal amplification board having a signal amplification IC disposed on an intersection surface that intersects the conveyance path surface. The signal amplification IC amplifies the change in the resistance value that is output by the magnetoresistance effect element. The change in the resistance value depends on the change in the magnetic field caused due to conveyance of the detection target on the conveyance path surface.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an inductive sensor assembly includes a shaft and a multilayered printed circuit board (PCB). The shaft includes a first end. The first end has a bottom surface. A target including a flat forming a straight edge is integrally formed into the first end of the shaft. The PCB includes a transmitter coil and a two part receiving coil. The two part receiving coil has a first receiving coil and a second receiving coil. The first receiving coil is on a different layer of the PCB than the second receiving coil in an axial direction. The target is rotated about a central axis of the two part receiving coil. The straight edge of the target and the bottom surface is detected by the two part receiving coil.

Abstract: A magnetic position sensor may include a coil arrangement, a magnetic coupling element, and a test element movable along a measurement path. The coil arrangement may include at least one transmitter coil and at least one receiver coil. The at least one transmitter coil may provide an alternating magnetic field. A magnetic flux provided via the at least one transmitter coil may at least partly pass through the at least one receiver coil. The magnetic coupling element may be configured to at least one of amplify the magnetic flux and at least partly guide the magnetic flux to the at least one receiver coil. The test element may provide a magnetic field large enough to locally magnetically saturate the magnetic coupling element. The magnetic coupling element may include at least one of a high-resistance material that is magnetizable, and a magnetizable material and a material with a specific electrical resistance.

Abstract: Provided is equipment for transferring a vacuum chamber that solves a problem of heat dissipation of a driver by (i) placing a permanent magnet, which is a stator structure of a linear motor and causes linear motion, inside a vacuum chamber and (ii) by placing a coil of a driver structure outside the vacuum chamber, Under this structure, (i) no cable is installed in inside the chamber, and (ii) heat generated from the driver structure can be smoothly dissipated. The transfer equipment includes; a first-axis linear coil (24) that is fixed to an outside of the vacuum chamber at a bottom surface of the housing (11) of the vacuum chamber (10); a first-axis slider (60) that is installed inside the vacuum chamber (10) and moves in a first-axis direction relative to a bottom of an inner space of the vacuum chamber (10); and a first-axis linear permanent magnet (63).

Abstract: A movement detection unit includes a movable body, a first sensor, a second sensor, and a signal processor. The movable body performs a movement in a first direction. The first sensor detects a first magnetic field change which is caused by the movement of the movable body and outputs a first signal. The second sensor is provided in the first direction at a location different from a location of the first sensor. The second sensor detects a second magnetic field change which is caused by the movement of the movable body and outputting a second signal. The signal processor includes a signal generating circuit that generates a third signal and a fourth signal on a basis of the first signal. The third signal and the fourth signal have waveforms different from each other.

Abstract: One or more of the following methods and approaches can be used in capacitive position sensing. For starters, a wireless segmented capacitive sensor that incorporates the capacitive fringing feature; capacitive measurements correlated to position through a map that accounts for fringing. Furthermore, the addition of choice to capacitive sensing, where a sensor can select between two or more groupings to optimize data collection, perform irregularity detection, identification, avoidance and or adaptation. As well, the method of specialized pads. Another method involves the creation and application of intentional irregularities embedded into the scale. Such irregularities serve to encode higher order information into the scale, such as but not limited to absolute position information. Finally, intentional changes to the slider and or scale pads, particularly to oversize and or shape pads for the purpose of tolerating misalignment.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which comprises pressure pass-thru means, which includes: an optic fiber having a first end and a second end; a first connector coupled to the first end; a second connector coupled to the second end; a housing between the first and second ends, wherein the housing covers a portion of the optic fiber, wherein a portion of the optic fiber in the housing is bare; a filing material inside the housing; and a swaged gland fitting on the housing to secure the apparatus to a pressure boundary.

Abstract: In an encoder device, a first gear is made of a transparent resin allowing transmission of light and includes: a detection target on which an optical pattern for detecting the absolute rotation angle within one rotation is formed, and a plurality of teeth formed on the outer periphery of the detection target. A first sensor includes a light emitter configured to emit light toward the detection target and a light receiver configured to receive the light transmitted through the detection target.

Abstract: A sensor assembly includes a frame defining a sensor axis having opposing endplates with axially extending supports. The opposing endplates are connected by a pair of axially extending side beams. A suspended mass is within an interior of the frame suspended from the supports of the frame. A plurality of piezoelectric material layers are operatively connected to sides of respective spacers opposite the frame to damp vibrations of the suspended mass.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a connecting element for electrical connecting two electrical modules arranged in a transmitter housing of a field device, into which transmitter housing the connecting element is insertable, the connecting element including: at least two essentially rod-shaped metal conductor elements, each with two opposing end sections, wherein the conductor elements are arranged in a defined separation relative to one another; and surrounding the conductor elements and electrically insulating them from one another, a multi-membered insulating body including two insulating body end segments of at least a first synthetic material and an insulating body intermediate segment of a second synthetic material different from the first synthetic material, wherein the first synthetic material has a modulus of elasticity greater than a modulus of elasticity of the second synthetic material.

Abstract: A system and method for multi-rate synchronization of a digital sensor that provides a digital sensor output signal and a processor arrangement that processes the digital sensor output signal according to a processing algorithm and that provides a processor output signal, including operating the digital sensor to provide the digital sensor output signal with a first sample rate, and operating the processor arrangement to provide a processor output signal with a second sample rate. The second sample rate is an integer multiple of the first sample rate.

Abstract: In circuitry for applying a pulse train to excite a transducer, the circuitry selects a first set having a first number of pulses at a first frequency and a second set of pulses having a second number of pulses at a second frequency differing from the first frequency. At least one pulse from the first set is located in the pulse train between one or more of the pulses at the second frequency.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for calibrating the volume of storage containers using mechanical or acoustic wave-based inspection techniques. The exemplary calibration system comprises an array of measurement devices controllably deployed in respective positions on the outside surface of the container. The measurement devices include a transducer for sending signals along the surface of the container and sensors configured to detect the signals. The measurement devices are in communication with a diagnostic computing device that controls the positioning and the operation of the measurement devices and is further configured to determine the time time-of-flight of the signals that travel between the various devices. Moreover, according to the specific arrangement of the measurement devices and the measured signal information, the control computer is configured to calculate the dimensions of the container and its internal volume.

Abstract: In at least some implementations, a liquid level sensor, includes a liquid level responsive member that moves in response to changing liquid level, an electrically conductive contact associated with the liquid level responsive member, a circuit including a rectifying element and a) one or more conductive elements, or b) one or more resistive elements or c) one or more conductive elements and one or more resistive elements, wherein the contact is arranged to engage at least one of the elements in a, b, or c, and a power supply. The power supply is adapted to provide a voltage to the circuit causing a current flow in a first direction in the circuit wherein the current flows through the contact and to provide a current flow in a second direction in the circuit wherein the rectifying element prevents current flow through the contact.

Abstract: To provide a liquid-surface detection device having a small parts count, whereby electrolytic corrosion can be suppressed. A liquid-surface detection device has a detection part for detecting magnetism, a plurality of terminals connected by one end thereof to the detection part, a first retaining body for retaining the terminals and rotatably supporting a magnetic part, a second retaining body attached to the first retaining body, and electroconductive parts retained by the second retaining body and connected to other ends of the terminals. The first retaining body has substantially U-shaped surrounding parts for surrounding other ends of the plurality of terminals, respectively. The second retaining body has dividing parts overlapping between the surrounding parts.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for detecting a fault state at an FMCW-based fill level measuring device, including performing two reference measurements successively in time, a first reference measurement signal and a second reference measurement signal, using the filling level measuring device under a predefined reference measurement condition. In each of the two reference measurement signals a characteristic parameter is determined, wherein a change in the characteristic parameter over time is determined by comparing the two reference measurement signals. A fault state is detected when the change in the characteristic parameter exceeds a predefined maximum characteristic parameter change.

Abstract: A vehicle load metering device has a displacement sensing module, a signal processing/transmission module, and a signal receiving/processing module. The displacement sensing module has multiple displacement sensors respectively mounted on flexible supporting devices of a vehicle suspension system. Each displacement sensor is connected to two supporting boards of the corresponding flexible supporting device to meter amount of displacement between the two supporting boards. The signal processing/transmission module transmits the signals that are detected by the displacement sensors to the signal receiving/processing module. The present invention provides a vehicle load metering device that may assemble on the vehicle conveniently and detect the load of the vehicle accurately.

Abstract: The invention relates to a suspension (20) in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention that permits reducing the number of load cells (14) incorporated in a suspension (20) of a vehicle or a trailer such as a semi-trailer to be towed by a towing vehicle. In accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention reduction of the number of load cells (14) is accomplished through the use of pivot joints (34) (that pivotally attach the suspension rockers (32) to the hangers 26) of reduced friction. In particular embodiments of the invention, the number and location of the low and lower friction pivot joints (34) may be chosen such as to increase the accuracy of measurement of the load cells. The invention also relates to load cell pins (62) for defining the pivot joint (34) that pivotally attaches rockers (32) to hangers (26) of the suspension (20).

Abstract: A laboratory weighing kit comprises two layers: a disposable paper-structured weighing boat in the upper layer and a corresponding-shaped weighing base in the lower layer. The weighing boat has a sample loading portion in the rear to carry chemicals or samples, and a funnel portion in the front to transfer samples. In order to consolidate storage space, either the front funnel can be opened to two portions or the back wall of the weighing boat is opened. The weighing boat can be creased to form a permanent fold. The weighing boat in the upper layer can be either removable from or permanently attached to the weighing base in the lower layer.

Abstract: To reliably exercise radio communication of calibration data. In order to achieve the above-described object, a balance (10) includes a weight sensor (12), a built-in weight (20) to be loaded on the weight sensor, an adding and removing unit (21) for the built-in weight, an arithmetic processing unit (14) configured to drive the adding and removing unit, and a radio communication device (41) connected to the arithmetic processing unit, wherein the arithmetic processing unit includes a radio wave environment check section (32) configured to check a radio wave environment, and a calibration execution section (33) configured to add or remove the built-in weight and issue a command to the radio communication device to transfer calibration data when the radio wave environment check section determines that the radio wave is good.

Abstract: A micromechanical module us described for placement on a body for acquiring oscillations in the body, including a housing having a cavity, the cavity being an acoustically operative volume, a substrate, a microphone that is acoustically coupled to the cavity and is set up to acquire transverse waves of the oscillations, and a MEMS acceleration sensor, the MEMS acceleration sensor being set up to acquire longitudinal waves of the oscillations along at least one measurement axis parallel to a surface of the body, and the substrate connecting the microphone and the MEMS acceleration sensor to one another electrically and mechanically, and having a common interface for the output.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vibration sensor, which comprises a circuit board having an accommodating space. A sensing assembly is disposed in the accommodating space. A recess for magnet sliding is disposed in the sensing assembly. Dispose a magnet in the recess and then dispose a coil layer on an arbitrary side or both sides of the sensing assembly. Furthermore, a lubricating layer is coated on the recess. Alternatively, the recess can be a vacuum structure or a hollow cross-sectional structure for reducing the friction between the recess and the magnet. Alternatively, the coil layer can be coated with a protective layer or multiple layers can be stacked. Without increasing the area of the sensor, the sensing on the variation of magnetic flux can be improved. Accordingly, the vibration sensor according to the present invention can achieve wideband detection of vibrations.

Abstract: A vibration data collection system performs an integration or differentiation process on incoming digitized vibration data in real time. The system uses a digital Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter running at the input data rate to provide the integration or differentiation function. With this approach, the system reduces hardware complexity and data storage requirements. Also, the system provides the ability to directly integrate or differentiate stored time waveforms without resorting to FFT processing methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Bell state measurement apparatus capable of increasing a probability in which a determination that a Bell state measurement fails by using an optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical module includes a base member, a red semiconductor laser, a green semiconductor laser, a blue semiconductor laser, a first lens to change a spot size of light emitted from the red semiconductor laser, a second lens to change a spot size of light emitted from the green semiconductor laser, a third lens to change a spot size of light emitted from the blue semiconductor laser, a first light receiving device having a first light receiving face that receives backward red light emitted from the red semiconductor laser in an opposite direction to light emitted therefrom toward the first lens, a second light receiving device having a second light receiving face that receives backward green light emitted from the green semiconductor laser in an opposite direction to light emitted therefrom toward the second lens, a third light receiving device having a third light receiving face that receives backward blue light emitted from the blue semiconductor laser in an opposite direction to light emitted therefrom to

Abstract: There is provided a circuit to improve the sensing efficiency of pixels that uses the induction effect of a capacitor to duplicate a voltage deviation caused by additional electrons and uses a circuit to cancel out the voltage deviation during reading pixel data thereby improving the sensing efficiency.

Abstract: The present application describes embodiments of a non-tracking solar energy collector comprising: (a) at least one solar radiation concentrator for collimating and directing the incident solar radiation rays to at least one focal point along the surface of a reactive reflector; (b) the reactive reflector mounted on top of an external cavity and having at least one transparency zone instantly formed at said at least one focal point of the solar radiation rays, for letting the solar radiation rays enter said external cavity, wherein said transparency zone is constantly moving along the surface of said reactive reflector following the position of said at least one focal point of the solar radiation rays; and (c) the external cavity containing a solar cell and capable of trapping the entered solar radiation rays by inner scattering of said solar radiation rays on the walls of said external cavity, wherein said inner scattering of said solar radiation rays inside said external cavity is preventing solar radiation