Abstract: In described examples of a system for outputting a patterned light beam, the system includes: an illumination source; a positive optical element positioned to receive light from the illumination source and to output converging light; a reflective element positioned to receive the converging light from the positive optical element, the reflective element configured to reflect the converging light to form a scan beam; and a negative optical element to receive the scan beam from the reflective element, the negative optical element configured to output the scan beam to a field of view.

Abstract: A system and method for scanning of coherent LIDAR. The system includes a motor, a laser source configured to generate an optical beam, and a deflector. A first facet of the plurality of facets has a facet normal direction. The deflector is coupled to the motor and is configured to rotate about a rotation axis to deflect the optical beam from the laser source. The laser source is configured to direct the optical beam such that the optical beam is incident on the deflector at a first incident angle in a first plane, wherein the first plane includes the rotation axis, wherein the first incident angle is spaced apart from the facet normal direction for the first facet. A second facet of the plurality of facets includes an optical element configured to deflect the optical beam at the first incident angle into a deflected angle.

Abstract: LiDAR optical paths, particularly in co-located emitter/receiver path configurations, can introduce unintended and unwanted reflections due to mirrors, lenses, and/or enclosure materials or glass that can fall on one or more photosensors. These un-desirable signals can cause significant disruptions in output amplifier biasing and/or severe channel saturation. Autonomous vehicle LiDAR is particularly challenging as packaging requirements require complex optics to direct the laser source; the target size, shape, and relative velocity, and distance to the autonomous vehicle are unknown; and the location of the target objects within range are potentially rapidly changing over time. The presently disclosed dual photodiode LiDAR systems are used to separate and compensate for errors introduced by LiDAR optics to improve the accuracy and reliability of LiDAR systems, including but not limited to autonomous vehicle LiDAR systems.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems, methods, and structures—including LiDAR—that employ multiple detectors that may determine multiple incident angles of multiple received radiation beams and advantageously do not require or employ phase shifters in illustrative embodiments and may instead—employ optical Fourier transform structures.

Abstract: A LIDAR system includes a light source configured to output light. A portion of the light is included in a LIDAR signal that travels a LIDAR path from the light source to an object located outside of the LIDAR system and from the object to a filter and from the filter to a processing unit. The processing unit is configured to convert optical signals that include the LIDAR signal to electrical signals. A portion of the light is also included in one or more misdirected signals. Each of the misdirected signals travels a different misdirected path from the light source to the filter. Each of the misdirected paths is a different path from the LIDAR path. The system also includes a filter being configured to filter out the LIDAR signal from the misdirected signals. The system also includes electronics that generate LIDAR data from the electrical signals.

Abstract: A plurality of ultrasonic sensors are configured such that search ultrasonic waves transmitted from the respective ultrasonic sensors have mutually different characteristics that are mutually distinguishable. A transmission timing setting unit is configured to set a transmission timing of transmitting the search ultrasonic wave for each of the ultrasonic sensors, such that the plurality of ultrasonic sensors transmit the respective search ultrasonic waves at respective transmission timings that are mutually different. The transmission timing setting unit is configured to set a delay time between a first transmission timing, which is a transmission timing of the first ultrasonic sensor, and a second transmission timing, which is a transmission timing of the second ultrasonic sensor, with the delay time being determined based on a positional relationship between the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor.

Abstract: An indoor location system has acoustic wave emitters, electromagnetic emitters, and a mobile device. Each acoustic wave emitter is configured to emit an acoustic wave having an acoustic wave frequency and wavelength, and an electromagnetic signal that includes electromagnetic emitter data related to that electromagnetic emitter and data indicative of a frequency and/or wavelength of an acoustic wave emitted by the acoustic wave emitter that is associated with that electromagnetic emitter.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a target object detection device. The target object detection device includes a first transmission signal generator, a first transmission array, a first switch, and a controller. The first transmission signal generator is configured to generate a first transmission signal. The first transmission array includes a plurality of first transmission elements configured to convert the first transmission signal into a transmission wave. The first switch is configured to supply the first transmission signal to one of the first transmission elements in the first transmission array. The controller is configured to control the first switch to switch the first transmission element to which the first transmission signal is supplied from a first element to a second element at a first timing.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatuses are described that implement a smart-device-based radar system capable of performing location tagging. The radar system has sufficient spatial resolution to recognize different external environments associated with different locations (e.g., recognize different rooms or different locations within a same room). Using the radar system, the smart device can achieve spatial awareness and automatically activate user-programmed applications or settings associated with the different locations. In this way, the radar system enables the smart device to provide a location-specific shortcut for various applications or settings. With the location-specific shortcut, the smart device can improve the user's experience and reduce the need to repeatedly navigate cumbersome interfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for controlling an electronic device by forming a zone, and a device therefor. A method for providing a service related to an electronic device by using a master device in a zone, according to the present disclosure, may include the operations of: checking whether a user exists in the zone by using radar; tracking the movement of the user in the zone if the existence of the user is confirmed; and providing a service related to the electronic device to the user, where the electronic device is included in the determined zone so as to be controlled by the master device.

Abstract: A method for Doppler-enhanced radar tracking includes: receiving a reflected probe signal at a radar array; calculating a target range from the reflected probe signal; calculating a first target angle from the reflected probe signal; calculating a target composite angle from the reflected probe signal; and calculating a three-dimensional position of the tracking target relative to the radar array from the target range, first target angle, and target composite angle.

Abstract: In a target tracking device, a state quantity estimation unit is configured to, every time a preset repetition period of a processing cycle elapses, estimate, for each of the one or more targets, a current state quantity based on at least either observation information of the one or more targets observed by a sensor or past state quantities of the one or more targets. A model selection unit is configured to, for each of the one or more targets, select one motion model from a plurality of predefined motion models, based on at least either states of the one or more targets or a state of the vehicle. An estimation selection unit is configured to, for each of the one or more targets, cause the state quantity estimation unit to estimate the state quantity of the target with the one motion model selected by the model selection unit.

Abstract: A dual Lidar-radar sensor instrument based on a photonic implementation. The instrument employs two continuous wave lasers that concurrently provide an optical Lidar signal and a microwave radar signal, via a high bandwidth photodetector, for inherent coherence of Lidar and radar functions for data fusion and other purposes. In illustrative examples, the photonic system is integrated as a photonic integrated circuit (PIC).

Abstract: This document describes techniques and components of a radar system with a sparse primary array and a dense auxiliary array. Even with fewer antenna elements than a traditional radar system, an example radar system has a comparable angular resolution at a lower cost, lower complexity level, and without aliasing. The radar system includes a processor and antenna arrays that can receive electromagnetic energy reflected by one or more objects. The antenna arrays include a primary subarray and an auxiliary subarray. The auxiliary subarray includes multiple antenna elements with a smaller spacing than the antenna elements of the primary subarray. The processor can determine, using the received electromagnetic energy, first and second potential angles associated with the one or more objects. The processor then associates, using the first and second potential angles, respective angles associated with each of the one or more objects.

Abstract: In an aspect, a radar controller determines a first transmission configuration for a reference radar signal on a first link from a first base station to a second base station, and a second transmission configuration for at least one target radar signal on at least one second link from the first base station to the second base station, the at least one target radar signal for sensing of at least one target, the first transmission configuration being different than the second transmission configuration. The radar controller transmits the first and second transmission configurations to the first and second base stations. The first base station transmits the reference radar signal and the at least one target radar signal in accordance with the respective transmission configurations.

Abstract: A radar-enabled device that manages radar interference. In particular, the radar-enabled device detects a radar signal transmitted by a second radar-enabled device, transmits a notification of the detected radar signal, receives localization information associated with the second radar-enabled device, and sets a device location based on the received localization information. Additionally, the radar-enabled device may adjust a timing of radar signal transmissions to avoid subsequent detections of radar signals transmitted by the second radar-enabled device.

Abstract: For example, a processor may be configured to process point cloud (PC) radar information comprising radar detection information of a plurality of possible detections, wherein radar detection information corresponding to a possible detection of the plurality of possible detections comprises information of a plurality of radar attributes of the possible detection, wherein the processor is configured to determine a plurality of validity scores corresponding to the plurality of possible detections based on the radar detection information of the plurality of possible detections, a validity score corresponding to the possible radar detection to indicate whether it is more probable that the possible detection is a valid detection or a False-Alarm (FA) detection, wherein the processor is to output radar target information based on the plurality of validity scores corresponding to the plurality of possible detections.

Abstract: Point cloud data collected by a radar device on a target vehicle can be acquired. Information on an obstacle within a set range from the target vehicle is determined based on the point cloud data. Radar blind zone information of the target vehicle is determined based on beam information of a beam transmitted by the radar device, as well as the information on the obstacle determined. The target vehicle is controlled according to the radar blind zone information of the target vehicle.

Abstract: An object detection apparatus detects an object in a vicinity of a moving body to which it is mounted. In the object detection apparatus, first drive signal and second drive signals for driving a transmitting unit are generated and outputted to the transmitting unit. The first drive signal corresponds to a first transmission wave included in a plurality of transmission waves that are continuously transmitted from a start to an end of a transmission process of the transmission wave, and respectively encoded based on waveform patterns. The second drive signal corresponds to a second transmission wave included in the plurality of transmission waves and transmitted after the first transmission wave. Reception determination regarding the reflected wave is performed based on a frequency signal, corresponding to a waveform pattern of the reception signal, and a reference signal that corresponds to a waveform pattern of the first drive signal.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for multi-detector LIDAR and methods. An example method may include emitting, by a light emitter of a LIDAR system, a first light pulse. The example method may also include activating a first light detector of the LIDAR system at a first time, the first time corresponding a time when return light corresponding to the first light pulse would be within a first field of view of the first light detector.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging (LiDAR) apparatus with a wide viewing angle includes: a first rotatable mirror array including a first plurality of inclined mirrors arranged in a circumferential direction; a plurality of light sources configured to emit light toward the first rotatable mirror array; a second rotatable mirror array including a second plurality of inclined mirrors arranged in the circumferential direction, the second rotatable mirror array facing the first rotatable mirror array to reflect the light reflected by the first rotatable mirror array to an outside of the LiDAR apparatus; and a photodetector configured to detect the light reflected by the second rotatable mirror array, wherein the plurality of light sources may be provided in a plurality of sections into which an angle range of 180 degrees or more is divided in equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide an optical sensing system, a method for controlling the optical sensing system, and a controller for the optical sensing system. The exemplary method for controlling the optical system includes dividing a detection range of the optical sensing system into a plurality of sections, where each section covers a different range of distances to the optical sensing system. For each divided section, the transmitter of the optical sensing system transmits an optical signal to each section of the plurality of sections. The receiver of the optical sensing system then receives the optical signal returned from the corresponding section of the plurality of sections. After receiving the retuned optical signal from each divided section, these optical signals are then combined to form a detection signal of the detection range of the optical sensing system.

Abstract: An optical distance measuring device using light includes a light-emitting part in which a first and second light-emitting elements that have a light-emitting region, in which a length in a first direction is longer than that in a second direction intersecting the first direction, are separated from each other in the second direction; two projection lenses that are respectively provided to correspond to the first and second light-emitting elements, and are separated from each other in the second direction and arranged at positions overlapping each other in the first direction; a scanner that scans a measurement region with emitted beams emitted from the light-emitting part and have passed through the projection lenses; a light receiving part that receives reflected light of the emitted beams emitted from the light-emitting part; and a measurement section measuring a distance to an object according to a time period from light emission to light reception.

Abstract: A distance measuring device is configured to emit transmission waves and detect reflected waves from an object, to measure a distance to the object. The device includes a housing, a transmission window that is provided to an opening of the housing and through which the transmission waves and the reflected waves are transmitted, a heater provided to the transmission window and heats the transmission window, a reflected wave side board whose edge is close to the transmission window in a space on a detection side of the reflected waves formed by dividing a space on the transmission window side in the housing into a space on an emission side of the transmission waves and the space on the detection side of the reflected waves, and a temperature sensor detecting a temperature of the heater. The temperature sensor is mounted on the transmission window side of the reflected wave side board.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a distance measuring device, a distance measuring method, and a program with which an influence of interference can be reduced and distance measurement can be performed accurately. This distance measuring device includes: a light emitter that emits irradiation light; a light receiver that receives reflected light resulting from reflection of the irradiation light on a target object; a calculator that calculates a distance to the target object on the basis of a time from emission of the irradiation light to reception of the reflected light; and a light emission controller that controls the light emitter. The light emission controller controls emission by the light emitter by switching a first emission mode and a second emission mode different from the first emission mode within a predetermined frame. The present technology can be applied to, for example, a distance measuring device that performs distance measurement.

Abstract: A time-of-flight LIDAR system includes a laser source emitting light within a narrow-band range; a fast switch module emitting short pulses of the light beam into a first optical path, and remaining light of the light beam into a second optical path; a scanning unit configured to scan the short pulses out of the system toward surrounding objects; at least one optical element configured to combine the remaining light in the second optical path and a reflected signal reflected into the system from the surrounding objects; a detecting unit configured to receive the combined signal; and a controller configured to process electronic signals, from the detecting unit, derived from the combined signal, to determine a distance of at least one object of the surrounding objects based on a time-of-flight calculated from processing the electronic signals derived from the combined signal.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system to transmit optical beams including at least up-chirp frequency and at least one down-chirp frequency toward targets in a field of view of the LIDAR system and receive returned signals of the up-chirp and the down-chirp as reflected from the targets. The LIDAR system generates a baseband signal in a frequency domain of the returned signals of the at least one up-chirp frequency and the at least one down-chirp frequency. The baseband signal includes a first set of peaks associated with the at least the at least one up-chirp frequency and a second set of peaks associated with the at least one down-chirp frequency. The LIDAR system determines the target location using the first set of peaks and the second set of peaks.

Abstract: An optoelectronic sensor for measuring a distance using a light time of flight method, comprising a light transmitter for transmitting a light signal, a light receiver having a plurality of light receiving elements for detecting received light, a plurality of light time of flight measuring units for determining respective individual light times of flight, a memory for collecting individual light times of flight, and a control and evaluation unit configured to determine a distance value by evaluating the collected individual light times of flight, wherein a readdressing unit is configured to write individual light times of flight to specific addresses of a same uniform memory depending on the assignment of a light time of flight measuring unit to a group, so that the control and evaluation unit can assign the stored individual light times of flight via the address to a group and thus to a distance value.

Abstract: A distance measuring device and a method of operating the same are provided. The distance measuring device may include a transmitter configured to emit a sensing signal toward a target object based on a transmission signal; a receiver configured to detect the sensing signal and output a reception signal corresponding to the sensing signal; and a processor configured to correct the reception signal using a baseline having a peak value that varies according to a time index, and determine a distance to the target object based on a cross-correlation signal indicating a cross-correlation between the corrected reception signal and the transmission signal.

Abstract: A lidar system is described herein. The lidar system includes a transmitter that is configured to emit a frequency-modulated lidar signal. The lidar system further includes processing circuitry that is configured to compute a distance between the lidar system and an object based upon the frequency-modulated lidar signal, the processing circuitry configured to compute the distance with a first resolution when the distance is at or beneath a predefined threshold, the processing circuitry configured to compute the distance with a second resolution when the distance is above the predefined threshold, wherein the first resolution is different from the second resolution.

Abstract: A distance measurement apparatus includes a first acquisition unit that acquires a time tr, i of each peak pr, i included in a second reference signal obtained by photoelectrically converting light periodically intensity-modulated and output from a light source, a second acquisition unit that acquires a peak ps, i present in a range of ±Tsource/2 based on the time tr, i from a second detection signal obtained by photoelectrically converting reflected light of light output from the light source and reflected by an object, and a distance calculation unit that calculates a distance to an object based on a cross-correlation between a first signal obtained by processing the second reference signal in a state where a peak of a window function matches the peak ps, i and a second signal obtained by processing the second detection signal in a state where a peak of a window function matches the peak ps, i.

Abstract: A laser radar, which may be applied to autonomous driving and internet of vehicles, includes: a laser: emit N laser beams, and transmit the beams to N first beam splitting modules; first beam splitting module: split the received laser beam into a first laser beam and a second laser beam; an included angle adjustment module: receive N second laser beams, adjust an included angle between any two adjacent second laser beams in the N second laser beams to be greater than 0 degrees and not greater than an angular resolution; a scanning module: receive the N second laser beams, respectively emit the N second laser beams to a detection area at different detection angles; a detection module: receive the first laser beam and a corresponding echo signal, perform frequency mixing to obtain a beat frequency signal, determine association information of a target object based on the beat frequency signal.

Abstract: A target detection method is provided, which includes: a plurality of frames of point cloud data obtained through scanning by a radar apparatus and time information of each frame of point cloud data obtained through scanning are acquired; position information of a target to be detected is determined based on each frame of point cloud data; scanning direction angle information when the target to be detected is scanned by the radar apparatus in each frame of point cloud data is determined based on the position information of the target to be detected in each frame of point cloud data; and moving information of the target to be detected is determined according to the position information of the target to be detected, the scanning direction angle information when the target to be detected is scanned by the radar apparatus, and the time information of each frame of point cloud data.

Abstract: One example system comprises an active sensor that includes a transmitter and a receiver, a first camera that detects external light originating from one or more external light sources to generate first image data, a second camera that detects external light originating from one or more external light sources to generate second image data, and a controller. The controller is configured to perform operations comprising determining a first distance estimate to a first object based on a comparison of the first image data and the second image data, determining a second distance estimate to the first object based on active sensor data, comparing the first distance estimate and the second distance estimate, and determining a third distance estimate to a second object based on the first image data, the second image data, and the comparison of the first and second distance estimates.

Abstract: A plane detection method and device based on a laser sensor are disclosed. The method includes: acquiring data of the laser sensor after starting detection; inputting the data into a detection model trained in advance, wherein the detection model is obtained by training with data corresponding to a medium type selected in advance and is capable of recognizing the medium type selected; judging whether an object to which the data belongs is a plane, and if the object is a plane, determining the medium type of the plane; and setting corresponding optimization methods for different medium types, and optimizing the data according to the medium type. The laser sensor recognizes the medium type by the machine learning model, and optimizes the two-dimensional laser data according to the recognition results, and thus forms a more refined map and performs more accurate positioning based on the two-dimensional laser data.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for mapping in a movable object environment. A system may comprise a movable object, a payload coupled to the movable object, the payload comprising an embedded system including an embedded processor, a scanning sensor, one or more cameras, and an inertial navigation system (INS). The payload further including an online processing application, the online processing application including instructions which, when executed by the embedded processor, cause the online processing application to obtain mapping data from the scanning sensor, obtain image data from a camera of the one or more cameras, obtain positioning data from the INS, associate the mapping data with the positioning data to generate georeferenced data, downsample the georeferenced data to generate downsampled georeferenced data, and provide the downsampled georeferenced data to a client device to be visualized on the client device in real-time.

Abstract: A LIDAR system, preferably including one or more: optical emitters, optical detectors, beam directors, and/or processing modules. A method of LIDAR system operation, preferably including: determining signals, outputting the signals, receiving one or more return signals, and/or analyzing the return signals.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for generating representation data of mapping data in a movable object environment. A method of generating representation data of three-dimensional mapping data may include: receiving three-dimensional mapping data captured by a sensor; generating representation data by projecting the three-dimensional mapping data onto a two-dimensional plane based on a selected perspective of view; and associating the representation data with the three-dimensional mapping data.

Abstract: A device of acquisition of a depth image of a scene by detection of a reflected light signal. The device includes a stack of a first sensor and of a second sensor. The first sensor includes first depth photosites configured to acquire at least one first sample of charges photogenerated during first time periods. The second sensor includes second depth photosites arranged opposite the first photosites, the second photosites being configured to acquire at least one second sample of charges photogenerated during second time periods offset with respect to the first time periods by a first constant phase shift. The first sensor or the second sensor further includes third photosites configured to acquire at least one third sample during third time periods offset with respect to the first time periods by a second constant phase shift.

Abstract: A device of acquisition of a depth image and of a 2D image of a scene, including depth photosites and capacitors, each depth photosite including a photodiode capable of detecting a reflected light signal, and at least one sense node coupled to the photodiode by a single transistor. Each capacitor is connected between the sense nodes of two photosites or between two sense nodes of a same photosite. Depth photosites supply the first plate of each capacitor with at least one first sample of charges photogenerated during first time periods, and supplying the second plate of each capacitor with a second sample of charges photogenerated during second time periods. Depth photosites supply the first plate of each capacitor with at least one third sample of charges photogenerated during third time periods.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging system is provided for improving imaging accuracy and measurement range. The light detection and ranging system may comprise: a light source configured to emit a multi-pulse sequence into a three-dimensional environment, in which the multi-pulse sequence comprises multiple light pulses having a temporal profile; a photosensitive detector configured to detect light pulses returned from the three-dimensional environment and generate an output signal indicative of an amount of optical energy associated with a subset of the light pulses; and one or more processors electrically coupled to the light source and the photosensitive detector, and the one or more processors are configured to: generate the temporal profile based on one or more real-time conditions; and determine one or more parameters for selecting the subset of light pulses.

Abstract: Provided is a LiDAR sensor unit in which even when a lens element is provided, measurement data is less likely to be affected by the lens element. A LiDAR sensor unit has: a LiDAR sensor; a lens element that is provided on an optical path of light emitted from the LiDAR sensor; and a processing unit that outputs measurement data which has been measured by the LiDAR sensor and which includes the orientation and the distance of a measurement subject. The processing unit is configured to not output measurement data of a specific orientation which is the same but the distance corresponding thereto differs before and after attachment of the lens element under the same environment.

Abstract: A LIDAR system for detecting objects comprising: a radiation source for emitting output beams; a scanner for directing output beams onto a field of view (FOV), and a controller. The scanner comprises: a scanning face having reflective zones with reflective surfaces. Each reflective surface can receive the output beams and transmit as spread beams along a spread axis to define a region of interest (ROI) within the FOV. At least two different reflective surfaces can generate different ROIs with different spread axes. The controller is configured to cause relative movement between the output beams and the scanner for selective contact of the output beams with a given reflective zone to emit a given output beam as a desired region of interest.

Abstract: A LIDAR system for detecting objects in a surrounding environment of an autonomous vehicle comprising a radiation source configured to emit output beams; a scanner configured to direct the output beams onto a field of view of the surrounding environment as a plurality of data points in a scanning pattern. The scanner comprises a scanning face having a non-planar profile and comprising a plurality of reflective surface segments. Each reflective surface segment has a given position on the scanning face, and a given angle relative to a reference for reflecting the output beams as a propagating beam with a given propagating angle, wherein the given position and the given angle of at least some of the reflective surface segments is configured to modulate a distribution of the data points in the scanning pattern across the field of view.

Abstract: A grid interval to be used in transmitting positioning augmentation information from a quasi-zenith satellite is set on the basis of statistical information of index values of occurrence degree of ionospheric disturbance for each area of the ground divided into a plurality of areas.

Abstract: A system for indoor localization using satellite navigation signals in a Distributed Antenna System includes a plurality of Off-Air Access Units (OAAUs). Each of the plurality of OAAUs is operable to receive an individual satellite navigation signal from at least one of a plurality of satellites and operable to route signals optically to one or more DAUs. The system also includes a plurality of remote DRUs located at a remote location. The plurality of remote DRUs are operable to receive signals from a plurality of local DAUs. The system further includes an algorithm to delay each individual satellite navigation signal for providing indoor localization at each of the plurality of DRUs and a GPS receiver at the remote location used in a feedback loop with the DRU to control the delays.

Abstract: A handheld electronic device, such as a GPS-enabled wireless communications device with an embedded camera, a GPS-enabled camera-phone or a GPS-enabled digital camera, determines whether ephemeris data needs to be obtained for geotagging digital photos taken with the device. By monitoring user activity with respect to the camera, such as activation of the camera, the device can begin pre-acquisition of a GPS position fix by obtaining needed ephemeris data before the photograph is actually taken. This GPS pre-acquisition improves the likelihood that a position fix (GPS lock) is achieved by the time the photo is taken (to enable immediate geotagging). Alternatively, the photo can be geotagged retroactively by appending the current location to the metadata tag associated with the digital photo. An optional acquisition status indicator can be displayed on a user interface of the device to indicate that a position fix is being obtained.

Abstract: A device for determining position information includes a detector that is configured to detect a position of the device and a processor that is configured to determine the position information based on a primary position indication from the detector and a secondary position indication from a second detector that is distinct from the detector. The processor determines the position information by aligning the primary position indication with the secondary position indication based on identifying a pattern of the primary position indication that corresponds with a pattern of the secondary position indication.

Abstract: A system for generating a 3D reflective surface map includes a positioning system, one or more antennas co-located with the positioning system, and a processing system. The positioning system calculates a position estimate. The one or more antennas co-located with the positioning system are configured to receive at least one reflected global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal associated with a respective GNSS satellite and wherein a pseudo-range to the GNSS satellite is determined based on the reflected GNSS signal. The processing system is configured to receive the position estimate and the pseudo-ranges calculated with respect to each reflected GNSS signal, wherein the processing system maps a reflective surface based on the calculated pseudo-range provided by the reflected GNSS signals, the position estimate, angle-of-arrival of each reflected GNSS signal, and known satellite location of each respective gnss satellite.

Abstract: In a sensor substrate, a plurality of pixels are formed in a pixel region of a first surface of a flexible base material, and a terminal portion for electrically connecting a cable is provided in the terminal region of the first surface. A conversion layer is provided outside the terminal region of the base material and converts radiation into light. A reinforcing member is provided on a second surface of the base material to reinforce the strength of the base material.