Abstract: The invention refers to a detector based on 3D geometry made from a hydrogenated amorphous silicon substrate. This detector finds application in the detection of ionizing radiation.

Abstract: A method of normalizing detector elements in an imaging system is described herein. The method includes a line source that is easier to handle for a user, and decouples the normalization of the detector elements into a transaxial domain and an axial domain in order to isolate errors due to positioning of the line source. Additional simulations are performed to augment the real scanner normalization. A simulation of a simulated line source closely matching the real line source can be performed to isolate errors due to physical properties of the crystals and position of the crystals in the system, wherein the simulated detector crystals are otherwise modeled uniformly. A simulation of a simulated cylinder source can be performed to determine errors due to other effects stemming from gaps between the detector crystals.

Abstract: A method for calculating a velocity vp(f, Topt) of a spatially aliased wave that propagates along a cable includes tensioning the cable, wherein plural sensors are distributed along the cable; measuring with the plural sensors a parameter that is associated with vibrations that propagate along the cable; calculating a phase velocity vp(f) of the spatially aliased wave that propagates along the cable, as a function of a time frequency fin a spatial-temporal frequency domain FK; calculating a model-based velocity vp(f, T) of the spatially aliased wave as a function of the time frequency f and a tension T in the cable; and calculating the velocity vp(f, Topt) of the spatially aliased wave using a model-guided regression, which is based on the phase velocity vp(f) and the model-based velocity vp(f, T). The velocity vp(f, Topt) is a function of the temporal frequency f.

Abstract: A method of processing a three-dimensional (3D) seismic dataset includes: producing a relative amplitude preserved (RAP) processed seismic volume that includes a reservoir from the 3D seismic dataset; decomposing the RAP processed seismic volume into a first iso-frequency volume; generating a first overburden sediment interval map and a first reservoir interval zone map for the first iso-frequency volume; generating and outputting a first ratio map for the first iso-frequency volume by dividing the first overburden sediment interval map by the first reservoir interval zone map; and characterizing a fluid content of the reservoir based on the first ratio map.

Abstract: A method for training a backpropagation-enabled segmentation process is used for identifying an occurrence of a sub-surface feature. A multi-dimensional seismic data set with an input dimension of at least two is inputted into a backpropagation-enabled process. A prediction of the occurrence of the subsurface feature has a prediction dimension of at least 1 and is at least 1 dimension less than the input dimension.

Abstract: A method for training a backpropagation-enabled regression process is used for predicting values of an attribute of subsurface data. A multi-dimensional seismic data set with an input dimension of at least two is inputted into a backpropagation-enabled process. A predicted value of the attribute has a prediction dimension of at least 1 and is at least 1 dimension less than the input dimension.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-mode dispersion energy imaging device and method for a four-component marine interface wave of an ocean bottom seismometer, belonging to the technical field of marine seismic exploration. The method includes the following steps: designing an marine interface wave artificial seismic observation system, designing a reasonable observation system according to the geological condition of the operation area to ensure the resolution of the imaging to perform the marine artificial source seismic operation; carrying out the data preprocessing of the seafloor surface wave, and then carrying out the three-component seismometer Scholte wave and the acoustic guided wave dispersion energy imaging, and the one-component hydrophone acoustic guided wave dispersion energy imaging; superposing and normalizing the three-component Scholte wave dispersion energy spectrum and the one-component acoustic guided wave dispersion energy spectrum. The device is implemented based on the method above.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement. The arrangement uses four conductive loops, each within a distinct plane from the other conductive loops. The four conductive loops have a common center point. Each loop is within a dipole magnetic field, and detects a component thereof. By balancing the signals received between matched pairs of the conductive loops, the difference between the signals can be used to guide the antenna arrangement to a null point—that is—a point in the magnetic field where each pair of conductive loops is balanced. The antenna arrangement can further be used to determine the depth of the dipole field source using the magnitude of the field.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed towards a safety system that can be used with a high-flux power beam, such as in wireless power transmission. The system includes a transmitter that generates and transmits a power beam and a receiver that receives the power beam. A plurality of sensors is configured to independently detect if an object is near, impeding, or about to impede (i.e., impinging) the power beam. Each of the plurality of sensors is configured to detect the object at different distances between the transmitter and the receiver. A controller triggers the transmitter to stop generating the power beam when any one or more of the plurality of sensors detects the object or a combination of the plurality of sensors detects the object. The controller triggers the transmitter to re-generate and transmit the power beam when each of the plurality of sensors fails to detect the object.

Abstract: Methods for coordinate-related despiking of hydrocarbon reservoir data include receiving, by a computer system, multiple datapoints of a geomechanical property of a hydrocarbon reservoir modeled by a three-dimensional (3D) grid. Each datapoint corresponds to 3D coordinates of the 3D grid. For each datapoint, the computer system aggregates the datapoint with a noise component generated using the 3D coordinates corresponding to the datapoint. The computer system determines that the aggregated datapoint is unique to the multiple datapoints. The computer system performs a transform on the datapoints for Gaussian simulation. A display device of the computer system generates a graphical representation of the geomechanical property of the hydrocarbon reservoir based on the Gaussian simulation of the transformed datapoints.

Abstract: Systems and methods include a computer-implemented method: Historical and forecasted field life data for existing gas wells is received, including pressure and temperature data at different depths of the existing gas wells over the life of the existing gas wells. Using the historical and forecasted field life data for the existing gas wells, a sub-erosion production rates model is generated for in situ estimation of sub-erosion for gas wells. Well parameters for a subject gas well are received. Using the well parameters of the subject gas well, the sub-erosion production rates model is executed to identify high-erosion risk spots in the subject gas well, including using iteratively evaluating results using three different methods. Outputs of the sub-erosion production rates model are provided for presentation to a user in a graphical user interface (GUI).

Abstract: Systems and methods for selecting a hydraulic fracturing method are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of selecting a hydraulic fracturing process includes simulating, using one or more processors, a cased hole/perforation hydraulic fracturing process for a well within a field, wherein the simulating accounts for an interaction between hydraulic fractures and a natural fracture network surrounding the well. The method further includes receiving a determination of whether the hydraulic fractures interact with the natural fracture network according to an interaction criteria, receiving a selection of the cased hole hydraulic fracturing process in response to the hydraulic fractures not interacting with the natural fracture network according to the interaction criteria, and receiving a selection of an open hole hydraulic fracturing process in response to the hydraulic fractures interacting with the natural fracture network according to the interaction criteria.

Abstract: Classifying land use by receiving geographic data and land use data for a geographic area, receiving surface temperature data for the geographic area, mapping the geographic data and temperature data to a set of map grid cells, determining temperature statistics for each map grid cell, training a machine learning model according to the land use data and temperature statistics, and classifying land use for map grid cells of a different geographic area according to the machine learning model.

Abstract: The systems, methods, and apparatuses described herein provide integrated weather forecast products designed to assist operations managers with operational decision-making related to a designated event or set of events. The present disclosure provides a way to process weather data from various sources and in diverse data formats containing varying spatial resolutions and temporal resolutions, in order to generate an integrated and cohesive weather projection product such that the weather projection product is continuous in both spatial and temporal domains, subject to data availability, relative to a designated event or set of events.

Abstract: A method is provided of calculating the total amount of artificial precipitation in a seeded area compared to a non-seeded area, which is capable of increasing the reliability of quantitative determination of seeding effect, observation data, and numerical model prediction data obtained from artificial precipitation experiments, of increasing the amount of water resources through weather modification experiments, of accomplishing various effects (drought reduction, forest fire prevention, fine dust reduction, fog reduction, hail suppression, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a highly transparent optical member which is formed from a silicone resin or a silicone rubber, and which has less mass change and excellent heat resistance without causing contact faults, or deterioration or contamination of the surface of other members due to adhesion to an electronic circuit or the surfaces of other members; and a production method for producing said optical member. According to the production method, the content of low-molecular-weight siloxanes D3-D20 in a optical member is reduced to an infinitesimal amount with use of a plurality of different low-molecular-weight siloxane removal steps.

Abstract: One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide optical element transfer structures that include an optical element releasably coupled with a transfer medium and methods of making and using the optical element transfer structures. The optical element transfer structures can be used to dispose an optical element onto an article, whereby the optical element imparts a structural color to the article.

Abstract: A display unit of the disclosure includes a display panel and a light-distribution adjustment sheet. The light-distribution adjustment sheet is provided on the display panel, and includes a protrusion that protrudes toward the display panel. The protrusion includes a first region including a curved surface, and a second region including a flat surface.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a fly-eye lens comprises the following steps: preparing a fly-eye mold (1) and a fly-eye base (2), wherein the fly-eye mold (1) is provided with a hemispherical recess that matches the fly-eye base (2), the bottom of the hemispherical recess is provided with a number of arrayed concave surfaces, the fly-eye base (2) has a hemispherical structure, mini-channels (3) penetrating through a spherical surface and a flat surface of the fly-eye base (2) are arranged inside the fly-eye base, and the arrangement of openings of the mini-channels (3) at the spherical surface is in consistency with that of the concave surfaces inside the fly-eye mold (1); and installing the fly-eye base (2) in the fly-eye mold (1) in a fitted manner, injecting polydimethylsiloxane through the mini-channels (3) of the fly-eye base (2), curing the polydimethylsiloxane, and removing the fly-eye base (2) from the fly-eye mold (1) to obtain the fly-eye lens.

Abstract: A decorative component includes a body having opposing first and second surfaces. A microtexture is defined on both the first surface and the second surface. The microtexture may be in the form of positive or negative protrusions that extend from the surface of the body or into the surface of the body. The combination of protrusions on the first and second surfaces of the body creates a graphical representation with improved depth and detail. The pattern of the microtexture on the first side and the second side may be the same or different, and may include different sized protrusions and spacing to achieve the desired graphical effect. The body may be attached to a reflective panel, and may further include a light source for illuminating the decorative component. Additional features may be printed on the body in addition to the graphical representation defined by the microtexture.

Abstract: The present exemplary embodiment relates to a camera module comprising: a housing; a liquid lens disposed in the housing; a magnet disposed in the housing; a base disposed and spaced apart from the housing; a substrate comprising a coil facing the magnet and disposed on the base; a plurality of wires connected to the housing and the substrate; and a connection part connecting the liquid lens and at least one wire of the plurality of wires, wherein the liquid lens and the substrate are electrically connected to each other through the connection part and the at least one wire.

Abstract: The disclosed patterned wavelength-selective material and process for making the patterned wavelength-selective material uses patterned applied adhesive and a structurally weak wavelength-selective material that includes portions that contact the adhesive and break to remain in contact with the adhesive. In one embodiment, the wavelength-selective material comprises an array of sections with cuts at least partially through a wavelength-selective film at each section secured to the adhesive. In another embodiment, the wavelength-selective film comprises a transfer stack of layers.

Abstract: An optical device including a concavo-convex structure layer composed of a plurality of protrusions arranged having a subwavelength period; a high refractive index layer located on the concavo-convex structure and having a surface shape following the concavo-convex structure; and a low refractive index layer located on the high refractive index layer and having a surface shape following a concavo-convex structure on a surface of the high refractive index layer. The high refractive index layer includes a first grating high refractive index region located on a bottom of the concavo-convex structure to form a subwavelength grating, and a second grating high refractive index region located on a top of the concavo-convex structure to form a subwavelength grating. The high refractive index layer has a refractive index higher than both the refractive indices of the concavo-convex structure layer and the low refractive index layer.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a mixture including a first composition and a second composition. The method also includes forming a layer based on the mixture. Ratios between an amount of the first composition and an amount of the second composition at at least two locations of the layer are different.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a display panel configured to emit display light of linearly polarized light, a first semi-transparent element transmitting first circularly polarized light and reflecting second circularly polarized light, a first retardation film, a second semi-transparent element reflecting the first circularly polarized light and transmitting the second circularly polarized light, a second retardation film having a refractive anisotropy in which refractive indexes of directions orthogonal to each other in a plane are substantially equivalent to each other and a refractive index in a normal is different from a refractive index in a plane, and a first element having a lens action of condensing the second circularly polarized light.

Abstract: Provided is an optically anisotropic film exhibiting excellent reverse wavelength dispersibility, a laminate, a circularly polarizing plate, and a display device. The optically anisotropic film includes a J-aggregate having an absorption peak of a J-band on a wavelength side longer than a wavelength of 700 nm, in which an absorption at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm in a fast axis direction of the optically anisotropic film is larger than an absorption at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm in a slow axis direction of the optically anisotropic film.

Abstract: In a projection display system, a light-emitting diode (LED) can generate unpolarized light. A light guide can receive the unpolarized light from a perimeter of the light guide and guide the unpolarized light between a light emission surface and an opposing surface as guided light. The light guide can include a plurality of light-extraction features that can direct a portion of the guided light out of the light guide through the light emission surface as unpolarized emitted light. A polarizing film can reflect at least some of a first polarization state of the unpolarized emitted light into the light guide through the light emission surface and can transmit at least some of a second polarization state of the unpolarized emitted light through the polarizing film to form a polarized light beam. An angular reduction film can reduce a range of propagation angles of the polarized light beam.

Abstract: Wide-area solid-state illumination system, including one or more linear arrays of compact solid-state light sources, such as LEDs, an optical waveguide, and a light distributing grid panel. The optical waveguide comprises a thin sheet of an optically transmissive material which is optically coupled to the plurality of compact solid-state light sources and configured to distribute light from a first broad-area surface and an opposing second broad-area surface. A light extraction pattern is formed in the first broad-area surface and defines a plurality of light extraction areas alternating with separation areas.

Abstract: Fabricating light guide elements includes forming a first portion of the light guide element using a replication technique (104), and forming a second portion of the light guide element using a photolithographic technique (106). Use of replication can facilitate formation of more complex-shaped optical elements as part of the light guide element. The replication process sometimes results in the formation of a “yard,” or excess replication material, which may lead to light leakage if not removed or smoothed over. In some instances, at least part of the yard portion is embedded within the second portion of the light guide element, thereby resulting in a smoothing over of the yard portion.

Abstract: A light source structure, a backlight module and a display are provided. The light source structure includes a substrate and plural light source groups. The light source groups are arranged on the substrate, in which each of the light source groups includes plural light-emitting units, and there is a first distance between any two adjacent light-emitting units in each of the light source groups, and there is a second distance between two closest light-emitting units that are respectively in any two adjacent light source groups. The second distance is smaller than the first distance.

Abstract: Provided is an optical apparatus (1B) or a display apparatus including: a light guide plate (14); a support portion (16) that supports the light guide plate; a cover portion (17) that covers at least a part of the light guide plate; and a metal portion (18) disposed between the cover portion and at least one of the light guide plate or the support portion.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an MCF fiber being usable for short-haul O-band transmission, having a standard coating diameter in an MFD almost the same as that of a general-purpose SMF, being capable of splicing fibers without either a marker or a polarity, and including 12 cores usable for counter propagation. The MCF includes 12 cores and a common cladding, and the common cladding has an outer periphery with a circular cross-section, the 12 cores are arranged such that no adjacent relationship is established between cores each having an adjacent relationship with any core, and are arranged such that centers of the 12 cores are line symmetric with respect to an axis as a symmetry axis that intersects with the central axis and that passes through none of the centers of the 12 cores, and an arrangement of the centers of the 12 cores has rotational symmetry once.

Abstract: Spliced multi-clad optical fibers with a cladding light stripper (CLS) encapsulating the splice. The splice may facilitate conversion between two optical fibers having different architectures, such as different core and/or cladding dimensions. The CLS may comprise a first length of fiber on a first side of the splice, and a second length of fiber on a second side of the splice, encapsulating the splice within the lengths of the CLS. The splice may abut one or more of the lengths of the CLS, or may be separated from one or more lengths of the CLS by an intermediate length of a first and/or second fiber joined by the splice.

Abstract: An integrated device and related instruments and systems for analyzing samples in parallel are described. The integrated device may include sample wells arranged on a surface of where individual sample wells are configured to receive a sample labeled with at least one fluorescent marker configured to emit emission light in response to excitation light. The integrated device may further include photodetectors positioned in a layer of the integrated device, where one or more photodetectors are positioned to receive a photon of emission light emitted from a sample well. The integrated device further includes one or more photonic structures positioned between the sample wells and the photodetectors, where the one or more photonic structures are configured to attenuate the excitation light relative to the emission light such that a signal generated by the one or more photodetectors indicates detection of photons of emission light.

Abstract: In various examples, a fiber-optic-splice enclosure may be suitable for use in various applications, environments, and use conditions. In at least some embodiments, the fiber-optic-splice enclosure includes an adjustable length, which may permit the fiber-optic-splice enclosure to be customized to fit various lengths of a spliced region. In a further aspect, the fiber-optic-splice enclosure may include a splice retainer to attenuate vibrational and other forces and reduce potential effects of those forces on the splice. Moreover, in some other aspects, the construction of the fiber-optic-splice enclosure may allow for relatively straightforward and efficient assembly. For example, a key and keyway configuration between different components of the fiber-optic-splice enclosure may permit the components to selectively slide relative to one another or be engaged to one another.

Abstract: To provide an optical branch coupler which facilitates communizing the design of an optical transmission path, the optical branch coupler comprising: a first add drop unit for outputting a third optical signal to a first line in which a first optical signal received from the first line and a second optical signal inserted into the first line are multiplexed and outputting the first optical signal; and a second add drop unit for receiving the first optical signal, receiving a sixth optical signal from a second line different from the first line in which a fourth optical signal and a fifth optical signal dropped from the second line are wavelength multiplexed, demultiplexing the fourth and fifth optical signals, and outputting a seventh optical signal to the second line in which the fourth optical signal and the first optical signal transmitted by the first add drop unit are multiplexed.

Abstract: A system comprising a recirculating loop configured to store an electromagnetic wave signal, the recirculating loop comprising a transmission medium and a plurality of transceivers configured to introduce the electromagnetic wave signal into the transmission medium and retrieve the electromagnetic wave signal from the transmission medium, and a signal conditioning system comprising a plurality of signal conditioners coupled to the transmission medium, the plurality of signal conditioners configured to amplify or regenerate the electromagnetic wave signal traveling in the transmission medium, one or more pump laser sources, wherein at least one of the one or more pump laser sources is configured to provide a pump laser beam to at least two of the plurality of signal conditioners, and one or more control circuits for controlling the plurality of signal conditioners, wherein at least one of the one or more control circuits is configured to control and monitor at least two of the plurality of signal conditioners,

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses for optical coupling and a system for communication. In one embodiment, an apparatus for optical coupling including a substrate and a grating coupler is disclosed. The grating coupler is disposed on the substrate and includes a plurality of coupling gratings arranged along a first direction, wherein effective refractive indices of the plurality of coupling gratings gradually decrease along the first direction.

Abstract: An optical coupling structure, an optical coupling system and a method for preparing the optical coupling structure are provided. The method includes: step S101: preparing a base substrate; step S102: forming a lithium niobate optical waveguide on the base substrate; step S103: forming a silicon dioxide core layer enclosing the lithium niobate optical waveguide on peripheral walls of the lithium niobate optical waveguide; step S104: forming a silicon dioxide cladding layer enclosing the silicon dioxide core layer on peripheral walls of the silicon dioxide core layer. The optical coupling structure alleviates a technical problem of low coupling efficiency between the lithium niobate optical waveguide and the single-mode optical fiber in the related art, and achieves a technical effect of improving the coupling efficiency between the lithium niobate optical waveguide and the single-mode optical fiber.

Abstract: Fiber optic connectors, including SC connectors having a unitary housing that supports a ferrule and also allows for disengagement and release of the connector from, e.g., an adapter. The unitary housing includes a pair of release arms pivotal relative to a main body of the unitary housing, where pivoting of the release arms enables engagement and disengagement of corresponding latch arms in an adapter, for example.

Abstract: An optical connector includes a housing having a resilient member and an optical ferrule. The optical ferrule includes a plurality of attachment areas for receiving and securing a plurality of optical waveguides and a light redirecting side for changing a direction of light received from an optical waveguide. The optical connector is configured such that when an optical waveguide is received and secured in any of the attachment areas and light from the optical waveguide propagates along an optical path, the resilient member is not in the optical path. When the optical ferrule mates with a mating optical ferule, the resilient member is resiliently deformed to resiliently force the optical ferrule against the mating optical ferrule.

Abstract: A fiber optic connector includes a housing and push-pull boot with a latch body disposed between a front extension of the push-pull boot and a top side of the housing. The latch body has an anti-buckle feature, which may be a projection. The anti-buckle feature movable between a relaxed position and a stressed position, wherein the anti-buckle feature is in contact with the housing in the stressed position to prevent the latch body from buckling.

Abstract: A wavelength-selective optical reception device includes a photoreceptor (21) that converts optical signals (201) into electric signals and outputs the electric signals, a base (31) on which the photoreceptor (21) is provided, a housing (41) that is mounted on the base (31) and surrounds the photoreceptor (21) along with the base (31), and that is provided with a window (51) to pass optical signals (203) including the optical signals (201) and including optical signals (202) of a wavelength different from a first wavelength of the optical signals (201) and a window (52) to pass the optical signals (202), and an optical filter (61) that is disposed inside the housing between the window (51) and the photoreceptor (21) along the optical axis (205) of the optical signals (203), and that outputs, out of the optical signals (203) that enter thereto, the optical signals (201) toward the photoreceptor (21), and reflects the optical signals (202) toward a near side in a direction of travel of the optical signals (203)

Abstract: A terminal portion structure of an optical transmission element includes a light guiding component, glass protection layer and convex lens. The light guiding component includes a core and a cladding enclosing the core. The cladding is of a lower refractive index than the core, allowing light signals to be transmitted in the light guiding component by total internal reflection. The glass protection layer covers at least a terminal portion of the light guiding component. The convex lens is disposed on one side of the glass protection layer. The cross section of the terminal portion of the light guiding component tilts relative to the axial direction of the light guiding component. The optical axis of the convex lens is perpendicular to the axial direction of the light guiding component. The focal point of the convex lens is located at the cross section of the terminal portion of the core.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) package having multiple ICs is provided. The IC package includes a printed circuit board (PCB) having a cutout region and a substrate disposed above the PCB. The substrate includes a first cavity on a first surface of the substrate. The IC package also includes a first IC disposed on a second surface of the substrate and in the cutout region of the PCB, The IC package further includes a second IC disposed above the substrate, and a first device disposed on the second IC and in the first cavity on the first surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring the output of an optical system. The apparatus comprises first and second fibre optic sections, a reflective coating, and a detector. The first fibre optic section has a first cladding and a first core, and is configured to receive light from the optical system at one end and has at the other end a first angled, polished face. The second fibre optic section has a second cladding and a second core, and has at one end a second angled, polished face. The first and second fibre optic sections are arranged such that the first and second angled, polished faces are substantially parallel and adjacent and the first and second cores are substantially aligned. The reflective coating is applied to the first or second angled, polished face, and is configured to reflect a portion of light transmitted through the first core. The detector is arranged to receive the reflected light.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a waveguide element including a first mirror that is light transmissive, a second mirror that faces the first mirror, and an optical waveguide layer located between the first mirror and the second mirror, the waveguide element allowing light input to the optical waveguide layer to propagate along a first direction and to be emitted through the first mirror; a first photodetector that is located on a path of light to be input to the optical waveguide layer or on another path branching off from the path and outputs a first signal according to an amount of received light; and a second photodetector that is located on a path of light that has propagated through the optical waveguide layer along the first direction and passed the optical waveguide layer and outputs a second signal according to an amount of received light.

Abstract: Optical interconnects for IC chips may include optical sources and receivers integrated with the IC chips. MicroLEDs may be mounted on an interconnect layer of the IC chip, and embedded within a waveguide. Photodetectors to receive light from the waveguide may be fabricated in a top surface of a semiconductor substrate, below a level of the interconnect layer, but with a passageway for light through the interconnect layer.

Abstract: To provide a connector plug that makes it possible to facilitate a plurality of persons' confirmation of a connector plug before its removal or after its insertion and to prevent erroneous work. The connector plug according to the present invention has a discoloration member mounted on a gripping portion for pinching during work. The color of the discoloration member changes due to heat of a worker's fingertips when the worker pinches the connector plug or pressure when the worker pinches the connector plug. The discoloration member is discolored by one worker pinching the connector plug. Another worker looks at the discolored discoloration member, and then is able to confirm whether the connector plug is a work target.

Abstract: An optical system architecture includes indexed optical lines that are indexed between first and second multi-fiber connectors; a first of the optical line having a first end terminated at the first multi-fiber connector; and a second optical line having a first end terminated at the second multi-fiber. An input of an optical splitter is optically coupled to second ends of the first and second optical lines. The optical splitter splits optical signals carried over the first and second optical lines onto output lines so that each output line carries signals split from the first optical line and signals split from the second optical line.