Abstract: In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to method of forming a shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffold. In general, the method includes preparing a salt template, preparing a macromer and/or polymer solution having at least one macromer or polymer, preparing a photoinitiator solution having at least one photoinitiator, adding the macromer and/or polymer solution and the photoinitiator solution to the salt template, exposing the salt template to ultraviolet light, removing the salt template, and forming an SMP scaffold. In some embodiments, the at least one macromer or polymer has at least one star configuration. In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to an SMP scaffold having at least one macromer, polymer, or photoinitiator to crosslink a polymer. In some embodiments, the at least one macromer or polymer has a star configuration. The SMP scaffold can be formed via solvent-casting/particulate leaching, electrospinning, additive manufacturing, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Injectable composition in hydrogel form, comprising water and micronized croscarmellose sodium. Method for preparing said injectable composition comprising mixing the components and heat treating the obtained composition at a temperature between 90° C. and 150° C., preferably between 100° C. and 130° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of providing a graft scaffold for cartilage repair, particularly in a human patient. The method of the invention comprising the steps of providing particles and/or fibres; providing an aqueous solution of a gelling polysaccharide; providing mammalian cells; mixing said particles and/or fibres, said aqueous solution of a gelling polysaccharide and said mammalian cells to obtain a printing mix; and depositing said printing mix in a three-dimensional form. The invention further relates to graft scaffolds and grafts obtained by the method of the invention.

Abstract: A nerve conduit loaded with adipose-derived stem cells and a preparation method thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: S1, adding polycaprolactone and polyvinylpyrrolidone into a binary organic solvent, performing ultrasonic treatment, and then adding reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles to obtain a spinning solution; S2, electrospinning with the spinning solution and then washing for several times to obtain a semi-finished conduit product; and S3, injecting a cell mixture into the semi-finished conduit product to obtain the nerve conduit. A fiber surface of the nerve conduit has groove structures, and thus a specific surface area and cell adhesion sites are increased, and adhesion and proliferation of cells are facilitated.

Abstract: An article includes multiple layers of polyaryletherketone (PAEK), in which each layer is composed of a continuous length of PAEK, in which the continuous length of PAEK in at least one of the layers includes an interior portion, and an exterior surface including crystalline regions, in which a crystallinity of the exterior surface is higher than a crystallinity of the interior portion. The cross-sectional area of the continuous length of PAEK is non-uniform within each layer. Each layer defines a plane, and a portion of the continuous length of PAEK in each layer extends out of the plane defined by the layer. The multiple layers of PAEK define a network of interconnected pores.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to scaffolds made of a braid of bioabsorbable polymeric fibers for implantation within a lumen of a mammalian body and, in particular, to such scaffolds that are configured to divert blood flow from a pathology associated with a blood vessel.

Abstract: A catheter configured to provide inherent antimicrobial properties includes a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). In some embodiments, an extruded catheter body is fabricated of a PHA. In some embodiments, an extruded catheter body has an exterior layer containing PHA, an interior layer containing PHA, or both exterior and interior layers containing PHA. The PHA layer may be co-extruded with the catheter body. The PHA layer may be coating applied to the catheter body. Useful PHA materials to provide inherent antimicrobial properties include poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) and copolymers of P4HB. The catheter may be an IV catheter, a urinary catheter, a dialysis catheter, or any other catheter introduced into a body lumen.

Abstract: A phantom for fibrous tissue, the phantom formed from a precursor solution including about 30-90 wt % of water, acrylamide, and alginate, where the acrylamide and alginate, in combination, are about 10 to 70 wt % of the precursor solution, and where a ratio of acrylamide to alginate is in the range of about 60:40 to about 99:1 w/w.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a baby bottle (2) and a bottle top attachment (4) coupled to the baby bottle (2) and having a connector (6) for a breast pump. The apparatus is characterized in that the bottle top attachment (4) includes a measuring head (8) with a reservoir (10) for breast milk and in that the measuring head (8) includes a sensor unit that is associated with the volume of the reservoir (10) and that enables determining a parameter of the milk expressed into the baby bottle.

Abstract: Transfer sets with filters, including transfer sets with filters for peritoneal dialysis (PD) systems, and associated systems, devices, and methods are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a transfer set includes a first connector configured to be coupled to a disposable set of a PD system, a second connector configured to be coupled to a catheter of the PD system, and a fluid channel extending between the first connector and the second connector. The transfer set further includes a filter positioned within the fluid channel and configured to filter contaminants from solution flowing within the fluid channel between the first connector and the second connector. In some embodiments, the transfer set further includes a one-way valve positioned between the filter and the second connector and configured to prevent fluid from flowing through the one-way valve in a direction toward the filter.

Abstract: A medical fluid management assembly includes a pneumatic manifold, a pump engine, a valve engine, and a fluid manifold. The pneumatic manifold includes a plurality of pneumatic passageways and a plurality of pneumatic connectors. The pump engine includes a pump chamber and the valve engine includes a valve chamber. Each of the pump engine and valve engine includes a pneumatic connector mated sealingly and releaseably with one of the pneumatic connectors of the pneumatic manifold. Additionally, each of the pump engine and valve engine includes a fluid connector. The fluid manifold includes a plurality of fluid pathways and a plurality of fluid connectors mated sealingly and releaseably with the fluid connectors of the pump engine and the valve engine.

Abstract: A dialysis system is disclosed that enables a patient to undergo both peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal blood treatments. The system includes a base unit and a blood treatment unit configured to perform extracorporeal blood treatments on a patient. The blood treatment unit includes a user interface operable with a controller for displaying a calendar of days in which an extracorporeal blood treatment is scheduled to be performed. The base unit includes a base unit controller that is programmed to receive information indicative whether a peritoneal dialysis treatment or the extracorporeal blood treatment is to be performed. The base unit controller operates first software instructions when the base unit uses a first fluid stored in a fluid container when the peritoneal dialysis treatment is selected or operates second software instructions when the base unit uses a second, different fluid from an online source when the extracorporeal blood treatment is selected.

Abstract: A capacitive priming sensor for a medical fluid delivery system is disclosed. In an example embodiment, a priming sensor includes a housing including a recessed section configured to accept a portion of a patient tube. The housing includes a first electrode located adjacent to a portion of the patient tube when the portion of the patient tube is inserted into the housing and a second electrode located above the first electrode. The priming sensor also includes a capacitive sensor that measures a capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode. A processor operates with the capacitive sensor and is configured to use the measured capacitance to determine a transition between a dry tube state and a wet tube state. The processor then causes a pump to stop pumping dialysis fluid through the patient tube for the priming sequence after the wet tube state is determined.

Abstract: A heart lung machine (HLM) includes: a pump actuator; an actuator control unit (ACU) operably connected to the pump actuator; a processing unit configured to receive a set of parameter data from the actuator; a display device configured to present a subset of the set of parameter data; and an input control device operably connected to the pump actuator. The input control device includes a rotatable knob. The ACU may be configured to: determine that the pump actuator has been stopped in response to a pump-stop trigger event; determine that the rotatable knob has been rotated to a first position; and in response to determining that the rotatable knob has been rotated to the first position, starting the pump actuator.

Abstract: A blood separation device has a controller configured to execute a first and a second version of a blood separation procedure. Information regarding a blood source is analyzed to determine whether to implement the first version of the procedure or the second version. This may include an analysis of the age, weight, and/or sex of the blood source, along with whether the blood source has previously been the subject of a blood separation procedure. The second version may allow for a greater percentage of the blood or red blood cells of the blood source to be outside of the body of the blood source (in a fluid flow circuit mounted to the device) at any time during the procedure. The second version may also or alternatively allow for a higher blood cell separation efficiency than the first version, along with separating the blood in a larger blood separation chamber.

Abstract: Embodiments of negative pressure wound therapy systems, apparatuses, and methods for operating the systems and apparatuses are disclosed. In some embodiments, a medical device is configured to detect an identity of a patient-contacting disposable connected to the medical device. The medical device automatically modifies one or more operational parameters of the medical device based on the identity of the patient-contacting disposable connected to the medical device. The medical device can include a user interface and modify automatically available selections in the user interface based on the identity of the patient-contacting disposable connected to the medical device.

Abstract: The present invention is generally related to a suction system for use during surgical procedures. The suction system for use during surgical procedures utilizes a suction device that is positionable so that the suction device can be located in its most efficient position in order to capture as much smoke and odors as possible that are being produced at a surgical site. Furthermore, the suction system is also capable of being quickly and easily removed from the patient's surgical field so that the suction system can be quickly and easily located at another location on the patient's surgical field, if needed. Finally, the suction system includes widened head areas that create a wide suction area in order to further assist in capturing as much smoke and odors as possible that are being produced at a surgical site.

Abstract: A method for performing a medical procedure requiring effective, reliable and foolproof delivery of controlled amounts of a medical grade gas to a patient includes providing a compressed gas cylinder having a weight with medical grade gas sealed therein of at least twelve grams and not greater than fifty grams. The method also includes connecting the compressed gas cylinder to an integrated compressed gas unit including a regulator valve assembly positioned between an outlet port and an inlet port, wherein the regulator valve assembly includes a press button actuator and regulator adjustment dial. A flow control system is secured to the compressed gas unit and the medical grade gas is delivered in precisely controlled amounts by actuating the compressed gas unit and operating the flow control system to deliver the medical grade gas to vasculature of the patient.

Abstract: An electroosmotic drive module comprises: a porous dielectric film; two electrodes respectively provided on opposite sides of the porous dielectric film; and a porous insulating layer, one electrode being disposed between the porous dielectric film and the insulating layer. An implantable electroosmotic micropump comprises a housing, and at least one electroosmotic drive module is provided in the housing. There are a plurality of electroosmotic drive modules, and the plurality of electroosmotic drive modules are connected in series end to end, such that heterogeneous integrated assembly between different materials such as electrodes, films, and housings can be achieved.

Abstract: An infusion pump for feeding a drug, the infusion pump includes: a main body portion comprising a first engagement portion; and a main body mounting portion comprising a second engagement portion configured to engage with the first engagement portion. The main body portion and the main body mounting portion are configured to feed a drug in an infusion tube by sandwiching the infusion tube therebetween. The main body mounting portion is mounted on the main body portion by engaging the first engagement portion and the second engagement portion. The first engagement portion and the second engagement portion are engaged with each other by deformation or movement of the first engagement portion or the second engagement portion by elastic force in conjunction with a mounting operation in which the main body portion and the main body mounting portion approach each other with the infusion tube sandwiched therebetween.

Abstract: A disposable electronically controlled infusion pump system includes at least one disposable infusion container and at least one disposable electronically controlled medication pumping system. The at least one disposable infusion container is configured to contain infusion fluid. The at least one disposable electronically controlled medication pumping system is fluidly connected to the at least one disposable infusion container. The disposable electronically controlled medication pumping system includes an infusion channel, a disposable electronically controlled micropump, and valves, but may further include a microprocessor, a memory, a battery or power receiver configured to wirelessly receive power, a wireless communication device, and other components. The memory is in electronic communication with the microprocessor. The wireless communication device is configured to receive a wireless signal which wirelessly controls the disposable electronically controlled medication pumping system.

Abstract: A pump for the pumping small volumes of medical fluid is provided. The pump has a manifold chamber having an inlet port and an outlet port. Within the manifold chamber, a cannula having input and output holes oriented with respect to the inlet and outlet ports is rotated within the manifold chamber, and translated axially in a reciprocating manner. The input opening of the cannula overlaps with the inlet port as the manifold chamber volume is increasing to draw fluid into the manifold chamber from the input port. The output opening of the cannula chamber overlaps with the output port as the manifold chamber volume is decreasing to force fluid out of the manifold chamber to the outlet port. The cannula may be formed from metal needle stock.

Abstract: A syringe pump determines, upon receiving a new syringe, that at least a first portion of a predetermined amount of a first fluid was previously delivered by the syringe pump according to a first fluid delivery order before the new syringe was loaded into the syringe pump, and determines a second portion of the first fluid remaining to be delivered to complete the predetermined amount of the first fluid for the first fluid delivery order. A delivery of a second fluid is initiated by the syringe pump and, when an amount of the second fluid delivered from the new syringe satisfies the second portion of the first fluid remaining to be delivered, the pump automatically, without user intervention, indicates the first fluid delivery order as being complete, de-associates the first fluid delivery order from the syringe pump, and associates the syringe pump with the second fluid delivery order.

Abstract: An infusion or transfusion set for administering a liquid from a container using a pump. The infusion or transfusion set includes a branch that provides a fluid connection between a first supply line, a second supply line and a discharge line. The first supply line includes a liquid-retaining filter membrane having a breakdown pressure. At least the second supply line has a check valve. The check valve is opened for fluid passage in the direction towards the branch if the pressure difference at the check valve is greater than a threshold value that is less than the breakdown pressure of the liquid-retaining filter membrane.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include a protective housing for a fragile article for containing fluid medicament.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pre-filled medicinal liquid injection apparatus according to a disclosed embodiment includes: a plunger disposing step in which a lubricant is applied to an inner surface of the chamber that defines an internal space connected to an injection port and the plunger is disposed inside the chamber such that the internal space has a predetermined volume; and a medicinal liquid pre-filling step in which the internal space of the chamber is filled with a medicinal liquid after the plunger disposing step.

Abstract: A liquid feeding pump for feeding liquid in a liquid feeding tube, the liquid feeding pump including: a mounting portion to which a first clip member mounted to the liquid feeding tube is mountable; an adapter detachably attachable to the mounting portion; and a detection unit configured to detect mounting of the first clip member to the mounting portion, wherein: the adapter has a shape that disables detection by the detection unit of mounting of the first clip member by the detection unit and enables detection by the detection unit of mounting of a second clip member having a shape different from a shape of the first clip member.

Abstract: A method and a system are described, for managing an infusion therapy in the Parkinson's disease, through the analysis of the motion status of patients, wherein the motion status can be in one of the following phases: OFF phase, wherein Parkinson's symptoms, such as rigidity, tremor and bradykinesia, emerge; ON phase wherein the symptoms markedly improve; DIS phase wherein involuntary movements emerge, called dyskinesias; as detectors of the symptoms the following parameters are used: voice analysis; face analysis; tremor analysis; movement analysis; levodopa and metabolite levels of monoamines in the sub-cutaneous interstitial liquid of the patients; an algorithm being provided, which automatically modifies the infusion rate of a drug during the day, the infusion rate being computed by using the parameters as detectors.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring and delivering medication to a patient. The system includes a controller that has a control algorithm and a closed loop control that monitors the control algorithm. A sensor is in communication with the controller and monitors a medical condition. A rule based application in the controller receives data from the sensor and the closed loop control and compares the data to predetermined medical information to determine the risk of automation of therapy to the patient. A system monitor is also in communication with the controller to monitor system, remote system, and network activity and conditions. The controller then provides a predetermined risk threshold where below the predetermined risk threshold automated closed loop medication therapy is provided. If the predetermined risk threshold is met or exceeded, automated therapy adjustments may not occur and user/clinician intervention is requested.

Abstract: A system and method to configure a rule set used in connection with a medical monitoring system for monitoring patients and patient care equipment, especially medication delivery pumps, based on a variety of conditions and parameters associated with monitored biometric information and equipment information and for providing user-defined responses to those conditions and parameters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a drug preparation and drug delivery device comprising: a drug preparation unit comprising at least two receptacles capable of containing constituents to be mixed, at least one of the receptacles being movable inside the drug preparation unit, a drug administration means, such as an injection or spray means, a fluid circuit capable of fluidically connecting the at least two receptacles and the administration means, the connecting of the fluid circuit with the at least two receptacles being made using at least two piercing means when said at least two receptacles move from an initial position to a contact position with said at least two corresponding piercing means, an electromechanical assembly for fluidically driving the constituents within the fluid circuit, characterised in that said drug preparation unit comprises a release mechanism comprising a compressed drive spring which, when it is released, is capable of generating a movement along an axis A1 of at least one of the

Abstract: A drug cartridge includes: a cylinder 11 having a cylindrical cylinder columnar space extending in a longitudinal direction; a gasket 13 supported in the space so that the gasket is movable in the longitudinal direction; a drug 14 held in the space and at least including a liquid first component; and a first temperature sensor and an RF tag 16 arranged on a side surface of the cylinder. The RF tag 16 stores drug information that includes at least information indicating a type of the drug, and wirelessly transmits at least the information indicating the type of the drug and first temperature information indicating a temperature detected by the first temperature sensor in response to an instruction from outside.

Abstract: An autoinjector for administering medications. The autoinjector includes an injector unit that includes a cartridge housing, a first carpule to contain a medication for administration and a second carpule to contain a second medication. The carpules are positioned within the interior area of the cartridge housing. The autoinjector further includes an activator unit having an activation housing, a first and second activation engine positioned within an interior area of the activation housing. Each activation engine includes a spring and a piston, such that the spring and piston are co-axial with the carpules. The autoinjector further includes a retainer to retain the springs, a safety disk positioned at a proximal end of the activation housing, and a safety element to engage the safety disk and maintain the activator unit in a storage setting.

Abstract: An injection device comprises a housing having a proximal end, a distal end and a longitudinal axis extending therebetween. The housing has a hand grip portion with a non-rotationally symmetric cross section about the longitudinal axis of the device at the proximal end of the housing.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a drug delivery device, having a longitudinal axis and comprising a plunger movable along the longitudinal axis and a guide curve adapted to engage at least one part of the plunger so as to guide the plunger when the plunger is being released to move along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An injection device incorporating a dose setting mechanism is presented where the dose setting mechanism contains a dose selector having one or more dose stops corresponding to a finite set of predetermined fixed doses, where the set of finite predetermined fixed doses includes a lowest fixed dose and one or more higher fixed doses, and where at least one of the one or more higher fixed doses is equal to the lowest fixed dose plus a fractional amount of the lowest fixed dose. The dose setting mechanism can further include a floating spline that is rotationally engaged with a snap element such that the snap element can rotate relative to the floating spline during both dose setting and dose delivery.

Abstract: A switch assembly comprising a chassis supporting a PCBA which has a distal surface comprising at least a first, a second, and a third electrical contacts, a ring having a ratchet profile, and a first arm and a second arm. The chassis moves axially relative to the ring during a first switch operation mode. The ring rotates relative to the chassis during a second switch operation mode. An axial movement of the chassis towards the ring closes an electrical connection between the first electrical contact and the first arm. Further, the ratchet profile of the ring is located facing proximally towards the distal surface of the PCBA such that an actuator guided on the ratchet profile elastically deforms the second arm thereby alternately opening and closing an electrical connection between the second electrical contact and the third electrical contact via the second arm.

Abstract: A medicament delivery assembly comprises a delivery device configured to deliver medicament to a user, a communication accessory releasably coupled to the delivery device, and one or more sensors configured to sense a condition of the delivery device. The communication accessory may be configured to receive a first signal from the one or more sensors assembly and to send a second signal to an external device.

Abstract: A needle-shaped projection-including part (1), which is configured to inject a liquid to a target object, the needle-shaped projection-including part including: a plate (111) in which a vertically penetrating discharge hole (114) is formed; one or a plurality of fine needle-shaped projections (112) that project from one face of the plate (111); and a lip portion (113) that is formed at an outer edge portion of the one face of the plate (111), wherein in response to pushing out of the liquid from the discharge hole (114), the liquid spreads in a space defined by the target object, the lip portion (113), and the one face of the plate (111), and the liquid enters the target object through holes formed by the one or plurality of needle-shaped projections (112).

Abstract: A syringe with passive needle protection for administering a medicament dose to a patient, comprising a hollow body forming the syringe housing and containing the medicament active substance, at the distal end of which a hollow needle provided for injection of the active substance is mounted in a bearing sleeve, and in which a displaceable plunger provided at the end with a receiving hole for the hollow needle is arranged, for the most complete possible delivery of medicament while avoiding undelivered medicament residues. For this purpose, the piston is designed in several parts; in addition to a needle holder having a retaining clip for the hollow needle, it comprises a piston jacket which is shaped such that, when the needle holder is inserted, it leaves free inflow channels into the enclosed end of the hollow needle for the active substance on both sides of the retaining clip.

Abstract: A control method for discharging bubble in a syringe pump is disclosed. The method includes detecting whether there is a bubble in a syringe barrel of a syringe pump by means of a bubble detection device; determining the position of the bubble if there is a bubble is in the syringe barrel; and according to the position of the bubble, controlling the syringe pump to perform a discharging operation so as to discharge the bubble from the syringe barrel.

Abstract: A gas trap apparatus (100) is for medical fluids, such as in infusion systems. The apparatus has a chamber (101), an inlet (103) to the bubble entrapment chamber with multiple of inlet ports (104, 105), and an outlet with at least one outlet port (110). The ports and the chamber are arranged to allow mixing of gases from the different fluids and which are trapped in the chamber. The inlet ports merge at a confluence space and the chamber comprises a diffuser with apertures (107) around an inflow tube for inflow of fluids into the chamber with a lateral dimensional component. Where the inlet ports (104, 105) have a diameter in the range of 1.5 mm to 8.0 mm, and the distance between an upper end of a confluence space between the ports (104, 105) and the diffuser apertures (107) is no more than 20 mm.

Abstract: An electronic vaporization device includes: a microporous atomizing sheet; and a needle tube, one end of the needle tube being spaced apart from the microporous atomizing sheet, and an other end of the needle tube being for insertion into a liquid storage assembly, the needle tube being conveying liquid in the liquid storage assembly to the microporous atomizing sheet to form to-be-vaporized liquid, the to-be-vaporized being adsorbed between the microporous atomizing sheet and the needle tube through surface tension.

Abstract: A nebulizer and a storage device are provided. The nebulizer includes a casing, an atomization module fixed to the casing, a rotating module rotatably assembled to the casing, a linking module assembled to the rotating module, and a locking module. The linking module is configured to be connected to a bottom of the container bottle, and the starting module is configured to drive the nebulizer by being pushed, thereby enabling liquid in the container bottle to be atomized toward an outside of the nebulizer through the atomization module in an atomization process. The locking module is configured to be connected to a bottom of the container bottle. When the nebulizer completes a predetermined number of times of the atomization process, the locking mechanism is moved toward the casing and is then limited to restrict an operation of the nebulizer.

Abstract: Various exemplary drug delivery devices with a mechanical stop, drug products utilizing the same, and methods of using drug delivery devices with a mechanical stop are provided. In general, a nasal drug delivery device is configured to dispense therefrom first and second doses of a drug therefrom into a nose. The drug delivery device includes a mechanical stop configured to provide a pause between the delivery of the first and second doses. During the pause, a user of the drug delivery device can move the drug delivery device from one nostril, into which the first dose was sprayed, to another nostril, into which the second dose can be sprayed. The mechanical stop is configured to hold the drug delivery device in a static delivery state.

Abstract: A drug delivery device (400) comprises a tip (416) configured to be positioned in a nose of a patient, the tip having an opening (414) therein, a coupling mechanism (402) configured to releasably couple to a first vial (404) containing a first drug therein, to release the first vial therefrom, and to subsequently be releasably coupled to a second vial containing a second drug therein, and a plunger configured to be actuated to cause the first drug to exit through the opening and to be subsequently actuated to cause the second drug to exit through the opening. The same drug delivery device is therefore configured to deliver multiple doses. There are also disclosed various exemplary reloadable drug vials for multi-dose delivery, drug products utilizing the same, and methods of using reloadable drug vials for multi-dose delivery.

Abstract: An aerosol delivery system has a nebulizer and a humidifier providing a gas flow to the nebulizer. A controller varies humidity level of the gas flow to the nebulizer so that if the nebulizer is not operating it has about 100% humidity and it is operating the value is less to allow for the humidification effect of the nebulizer. The control may be achieved by dynamically varying proportions of flow through a dry branch and a humidification branch.

Abstract: Pressure conditioning systems for supplying insufflation gas to an open-ended body conduit such as a rectal cavity during a transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) procedure can reduce billowing of walls of the body conduit. A pressure conditioning system can include a pressure storage component, an accumulator, and a flow restrictor. The pressure storage component can include a variable volume reservoir that is biased to a relatively low volume state. The flow restrictor can include insufflation tubing with a restrictor plate having a relatively low diameter orifice. The pressure storage component, accumulator, and flow restrictor can be fluidly connected in various orders in series or as side branches from a gas flow conduit. Despite a pulsed or otherwise discontinuous insufflation gas flow and leakage and absorption from the body conduit, the pressure conditioning system can maintain a constant pressure within the body conduit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a dose collection apparatus that comprises a first conduit comprising a first inlet port and a first fluid flow path and a second conduit comprising a second inlet port and a second fluid flow path.

Abstract: A dry powder inhaler which contains a blister pack, such as a blister strip, is provided. The blister pack has a plurality of blisters, and a blister, or group of blisters, provides a dose of powdered medicament for inhalation. The blister pack has non-numerical indicia which encode an individual, unique number that is associated with each dose. The inhaler is adapted for mounting a monitor. The monitor comprises one or more sensors, such as optical sensors, for reading the non-numerical indicia on the blister pack.