Abstract: A multiconfigurational support tool is described. Embodiments of the multiconfigurational support tool can include, but are not limited to, a main member, a first support member, and a second support member. The first support member and the second support member can each be removably coupled to the main member such that the support members can be rotated and moved along a length of the main member as determined by a user. The first support member can be implemented to interface with a first object and the second support member can be implemented to interface with a second object.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises: a first handle including a coupling region having an aperture; a first jaw, wherein the proximal region of the first jaw comprises a coupling region including at least one aperture; a first linking portion, including a proximal and distal regions with coupling regions and apertures; a second jaw, a second linking portion, and a second handle in a similar arrangement; a fastener configured to nonmovably secure the first handle and the first linking portion; a fastener configured to pass through the first jaw, the first linking portion, the second jaw, and the second linking portion, such that the first jaw and the first linking portion are secured with each other, the second jaw and the second linking portion are secured with each other, and the first linking portion and the second linking portion are movably secured with each other.

Abstract: Pliers are provided. Pliers include an upper handle, a lower handle, an upper jaw coupled to the upper handle, and a lower jaw coupled to the lower handle. In general, the upper jaw includes workpiece engagement surface, such a first set of teeth configured to engage a workpiece, and the lower jaw includes a workpiece engagement surface, such as a second set of teeth and a third set of teeth. The lower jaw opposes the upper jaw such that the first set of teeth faces the second set of teeth and the third set of teeth. At least a section of the workpiece engagement surface of the lower jaw is movably coupled to the lower jaw such that it moves relative to the lower as torque is applied to a workpiece, thereby increasing torque applied to the workpiece.

Abstract: A workpiece holding device includes a workpiece support surface and a blow suction unit. The workpiece support surface includes suction holes formed therein. A workpiece placed on the workpiece support surface is adsorbed by the suction holes. The blow suction unit includes an ionizer that ionizes gas (for example, air), a jet outlet that jets the gas toward the workpiece and a suction inlet. The gas blown onto and reflected off the workpiece is suctioned through the suction inlet. While blowing the ionized gas onto the workpiece, the blow suction unit is moved relative to the length direction of the workpiece.

Abstract: At least one aspect is directed to a device to configure a fire sprinkler. The device can have an elongated member. The elongated member can have an open end, an opposing closed end, and a body extending laterally therebetween. The open end can receive a portion of a fire sprinkler. The closed end can have a main aperture. The main aperture can receive a portion of a ratcheting socket wrench drive. The closed end can have at least one surrounding aperture. The surrounding aperture can be positioned apart from the main aperture to define a solid partition therebetween. The solid partition can have non-uniform thickness between the main aperture and the at least one surrounding aperture.

Abstract: A chain wrench assembly for tightening or loosening a fastener includes a handle that has a heel which is positionable against a head of a fastener. A chain is coupled to the handle and the chain is extendable around the head of the fastener to form a closed loop around the head of the fastener. The chain has a plurality of gripping elements to engage the head of the fastener thereby facilitating the chain to rotate the head of the fastener when the handle is manipulated for tightening or loosening the fastener.

Abstract: An impact tool having a front lubrication assembly. The front lubrication assembly includes a lubrication port, a lubrication passage and at least one lubrication channel that directs a lubricant injected from a front end of the impact tool directly into an impact assembly of the impact tool. The lubrication passage extends through an anvil assembly of the impact tool, along an axis of rotation of the impact drive mechanism. The at least one lubrication channel extends away from the lubrication passage and delivers the lubricant to at the impact mechanism. The front lubrication assembly is accessed on a front end of the impact tool. The anvil assembly may be a split anvil assembly having an external anvil portion and an external anvil portion.

Abstract: A tool with a pivoting head is shown. The tool includes a locking mechanism that allows the angular position of the head to be locked securely in place once selected by a user. In a specific embodiment, the locking mechanism includes a locking channel positioned in a generally parallel orientation to the axis of rotation of the pivoting head. In a specific embodiment, the locking mechanism includes a biasing component positioned in a generally parallel orientation to the axis of rotation of the pivoting head. The locking mechanism may be used with a variety of tools, such as ratchet wrenches, that allow for repositioning of the head relative to the handle of the tool.

Abstract: A quick-release torque device is provided, including: a main body, including a receiving hole, a connecting hole for assembling of a driven member, and a through hole in communication with the receiving hole and the connecting hole, the receiving hole and the connecting hole being respectively opened on opposing sides of the main body; an annular magnetic member, fixedly received in the through hole; a push rod, movably inserted within the through hole and the annular magnetic member.

Abstract: A dispensed screw positioning unit includes a base connected to a delivery mechanism of a screw gun and spaced from the delivery mechanism along a horizontal axis. The base includes two screw dispensing gates configured to clamp a dispensed screw along a vertical axis perpendicular to the horizontal axis. A gap between the two screw dispensing gates in a clamping state is aligned with a screw dispensing hole of the delivery mechanism. The two screw dispensing gates are biased by a first elastic device to the clamping state. A screw dispensed along the horizontal axis overcomes elasticity of the first elastic device to stretch open the two screw dispensing gates. A second elastic device is disposed between the base and the delivery mechanism to form an elastic spacing between the base and the delivery mechanism.

Abstract: A torque wrench including a head, a handle, a primary beam, a secondary beam, and a torque adjustment mechanism. The primary beam couples the head and the handle for co-rotation about the rotational axis and the primary beam includes a first end adjacent the head and a second end adjacent the handle. The secondary beam is coupled to the head for rotation with the head about the rotational axis and the secondary beam is movable relative to the primary beam and the handle. The torque adjustment mechanism adjusts a torque setting of the primary beam relative to the secondary beam. The torque adjustment mechanism includes a thumb adjustment wheel that a user rotates about a first axis to adjust the torque setting by moving the second end of the primary beam relative to the handle along a second axis offset from the first axis.

Abstract: An electric tool includes a motor, an impact mechanism, an output shaft, a torque measuring unit, a fastening torque calculating unit, and a control unit. The output shaft receives, from the impact mechanism, rotational impact around an axis. The torque measuring unit measures, as measured torque, torque applied to the output shaft. The fastening torque calculating unit calculates, based on the measured torque measured by the torque measuring unit, fastening torque to be applied to a fastening member. The control unit performs a speed reducing function by changing, according to the fastening torque calculated by the fastening torque calculating unit, the number of revolutions of the motor from a first number of revolutions into a second number of revolutions. The second number of revolutions is smaller than the first number of revolutions.

Abstract: A fastening tool having a magazine pusher position detection system that informs the tool of a dry fire state due to less than a predetermined number of fasteners in the magazine assembly. The magazine pusher position detection system includes a sensor and a sensor target having a characteristic that is sensed by the sensor. When the characteristic is interrupted by an external member on the pusher, the sensor sends a signal to the controller indicative of a “low nail” or a “low fastener” condition. This can be done magnetically or optically. The controller then initiates a dry fire lockout that prevents the tool from driving a fastener, and actuates an indicator that notifies the user of a “low nail” or “low fastener” condition.

Abstract: A fastener-driving tool is provided and includes a housing and a workpiece-contacting element movably connected to the housing, where the workpiece-contacting element is movable between a rest position and an activated position. A trigger is movably connected to the housing such that the trigger is movable between a rest position and an activated position. The tool further includes an actuation lever movably connected to the trigger and movable between a rest position and an activated position. A damper mechanism is associated with the actuation lever and is configured to control a rate of movement of the actuation lever between the activated position and the rest position.

Abstract: A rotary hammer selectively operates in multiple modes including a first mode and a second mode. The rotary hammer includes a switch, a motor, a switch manipulation member, a locking member, and a mode detecting device. The switch manipulation member includes a body, and a protrusion that is movable between a protruding position and a retracted position. The body houses a solenoid configured to operate based on a detection result of the mode detecting device. The locking member is movable between an unlock position and a lock position where the locking member holds the switch manipulation member in an ON position by abutting the protrusion in the protruding position. The protrusion is integrated with a plunger of the solenoid. The protrusion is configured to be in the protruding position when the present mode is the first mode, and in the retracted position when the present mode is the second mode.

Abstract: An impact tool having a split anvil assembly includes an internal anvil portion fixed inside a housing of the impact tool and an external anvil portion that is removably attached to the internal anvil portion and extends outside of the housing. The external anvil portion includes a retractable pin biased to an extended position to engage the internal anvil portion to secure the external anvil portion to the internal anvil portion and depressed to a retracted position to permit the external anvil portion to be disengaged from the internal anvil portion. The internal anvil portion and the external anvil portion may include respective internal and external grooves that interconnect with each other to link the movement of the internal anvil portion to the external anvil portion.

Abstract: A cordless, hand-held power tool, such as a hammer drill/driver, a drill/driver, an impact driver, an impact wrench, etc., that includes a brushless direct current (“BLDC”) motor. Each of the hand-held power tool includes a removable and rechargeable battery pack, electronics, and a BLDC motor that have been designed and balanced to produce a high-performance-capable (e.g., high-power, high-current, high-torque) hand-held power tool. The hand-held power tool is capable of delivering high instantaneous (i.e., short duration) current to the BLDC motor for short-duration high power operation and high continuous (i.e., long duration) current to the BLDC motor for long duration high power operation. Additionally, the short and long duration power is capable of being provided in a smaller (in size) and lighter (in weight).

Abstract: Power tool methods and systems are provided for controlling an operating mode of the power tool. A power tool includes a housing having a handle portion and a top portion. An input control device is located on the top portion of the housing for changing an operational mode of the power tool. The plurality of operational modes include at least a forward mode and a reverse mode. A controller includes an electronic processor and a memory storing instructions that when executed by the electronic processor configure the controller to receive a mode signal from the input control device indicating the selected one of the plurality of operational modes and operate the motor responsive to the mode signal.

Abstract: A handheld work apparatus includes a motor, a transmission shaft, a tool, a guide tube, a housing, and a first anti-vibration element. The motor via the transmission shaft drives the tool. The transmission shaft is received in the guide tube. The motor is disposed in the housing. The tool is disposed on a front longitudinal end of the guide tube. The housing is disposed on the rear longitudinal end of the guide tube. The housing at least partially encompasses the guide tube, wherein the guide tube projects from the housing. The first anti-vibration element is disposed such that it acts in a vibration-decoupling manner between the housing and the guide tube. The first anti-vibration element is disposed on that side of the motor facing the tool. The handheld work apparatus includes a second anti-vibration element connecting the motor to the housing in an at least indirectly vibration-decoupled manner.

Abstract: A power tool including a housing, a motor, and a bearing. The housing includes a first housing portion having a first bearing retainer portion, and a second housing portion having a second bearing retainer portion. The second housing portion is attached to the first housing portion such that the first bearing retainer portion and the second bearing retainer portion form a bearing retainer. The motor is supported within the housing. The motor includes an output shaft defining an axis. The bearing is received in the bearing retainer. The bearing is configured to support the output shaft for rotation about the axis.

Abstract: A power tool is less likely to have lower workability. A power tool includes a motor including a rotor rotatable about a rotation axis extending in a front-rear direction and a stator, an output unit located frontward from the motor and rotatable in response to a rotational force from the rotor, a motor compartment accommodating the motor, a grip extending downward from the motor compartment, a rear rotor bearing supporting a rear portion of the rotor, and a rear cover covering an opening at a rear end of the motor compartment and holding the rear rotor bearing. The motor compartment includes a guide that guides the rear cover in a first circumferential direction and frontward, a front-rear restrictor that restricts front-rear movement of the rear cover, and a circumferential restrictor that restricts circumferential movement of the rear cover.

Abstract: A handle permits propping of an implement in a substantially vertical orientation within a ground surface includes an elongate handle body and a spike embedded in a gripping end of the elongate handle body, the spike having an exposed axial portion. A compression spring is disposed about the exposed axial portion of the spike and a hollow sleeve is fitted over the compression spring and gripping end. An opening in an upper end of the sleeve permits passage of the exposed portion of the spike. A pin member transversely disposed within the gripping end of the handle body has ends extending into longitudinal slots of the hollow sleeve such that the handle body is movable axially between first and second positions to enable the exposed axial portion of the spike to be advanced through the opening of the hollow sleeve for advancement into the ground surface.

Abstract: An embodiment joint structure includes a first connection link configured to be fixed to one side of a wearer, a second connection link coupled to the first connection link to be rotatable about a first rotation axis, a third connection link coupled to the first connection link to be rotatable about a second rotation axis spaced apart from the first rotation axis, and a fourth connection link, a first side of which is coupled to the second connection link to be rotatable about a third rotation axis and a second side of which is coupled to the third connection link to be rotatable about a fourth rotation axis spaced apart from the third rotation axis, wherein an imaginary first extension axis, an imaginary second extension axis, an imaginary third extension axis, and an imaginary fourth extension axis intersect each other in an intersection area.

Abstract: A modular passive-to-active exoskeleton system utilizes motor unit modules, an electromagnetic clutch power transmission system, and biometric control. The passive exoskeleton has a stamina-increasing “chair less chair” function, and optional use of magnetic ball and socket joints and knee torsion springs. To convert the exoskeleton system into an active robotic wearable device, modular attachments allow for motor units to be securely connected to the exoskeletal unit. This exoskeleton contains a knee motor unit that has a transmission system with an electromagnetic clutch that enables a passive mode, active mode, and/or hybrid mode. The motor units are controlled via wireless biometric motion sensors that measure limb joint angle and muscle activity. These motor units also communicate via wireless transmission with a central processing units of the exoskeleton.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are multi-turn drive assemblies, systems and methods of use thereof. The multi-turn drive assemblies enable a robot link member to have a maximum rotation of at least 360 degrees about an axis. The multi-turn drive assemblies can be incorporated into a robot arm for enabling 360 degrees rotation of one or more link members about an axis. The robot arm may be located in a transfer chamber of an electronic device processing system. Also disclosed are methods of controlling the multi-turn drive assemblies and related robots.

Abstract: The system can include a set of joints, a controller, and a model engine; and can optionally include a support structure and an end effector. Joints can include: a motor, a transmission mechanism, an input sensor, and an output sensor. The system can enable articulation of the plurality of joints.

Abstract: A robot having seven or more degrees of freedom is disclosed. In various embodiments, the robot includes a positioning robot having m degrees of freedom and a manipulator robot having n degrees of freedom coupled to the positioning robot. The robot is configured to be operated in a first mode of operation, in which the positioning robot is controlled to position move the manipulator robot into a position to perform a task and the manipulator robot is controlled independently of the positioning robot to perform the task; and in a second mode of operation, in which at least a subset of the m degrees of freedom of the positioning robot and at least a subset of the n degrees of freedom of the manipulator robot are controlled together, by a single controller, to perform the task.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method, computer system, and computer program product for resonance avoidance is provided. The embodiment may include identifying one or more entities traversing a structure. The embodiment may also include identifying movement information and characteristic information for the one or more entities. The embodiment may further include performing a digital twin simulation of the structure based on the identified movement information and characteristic information. The embodiment may also include, in response to determining resonance between a natural frequency of the structure and a movement pattern of each entity based on the digital twin simulation, identifying one or more movement changes for each entity to eliminate resonance of the structure.

Abstract: A method includes identifying a sequence of robot configurations associated with processing a plurality of substrates. The method further includes generating motion planning data comprising corresponding velocity data and corresponding acceleration data for each portion of a trajectory associated with the processing of the plurality of substrates. The method further includes causing a robot arm to be actuated based on the motion planning data.

Abstract: An apparatus, a system and a method for tuning a robot path for processing a workpiece. The method includes overlapping a visual representation of the robot path on a visual presentation of the workpiece. The visual presentation of the robot path includes at least one virtual point that corresponds to at least one controlling point in the robot path. The method further includes in response to receiving a user input for moving a virtual point in the at least one virtual point relative to the visual presentation of the workpiece, detecting an updated position of the virtual point caused by the user input; and tuning the robot path based on the updated position of the virtual point.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a control method of a robotic system. The control method includes: deriving an approach location at which the end effector grips an operation object; deriving a scan location for scanning an identifier of the operation object; and based on the approach location and the scan location, creating or deriving a control sequence to instruct the robot to execute the control sequence. The control sequence includes (1) gripping the operation object from a start location; (2) scanning an identifier of the operation object with a scanner located between the start location and a task location; (3) temporarily releasing the operation object from the end effector and regripping the operation object by the end effector to be shifted, at a shift location, when a predetermined condition is satisfied; and (4) moving the operation object to the task location.

Abstract: A functional safety system of a robot according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can generate a safety zone which is a zone to sense whether an obstacle is present.

Abstract: A method of controlling a movement of a robot based on determination of a risk level includes: a risk level determining operation of determining a risk level related to a motion of the robot; and a robot control operation of controlling the movement of the robot based on the risk level, wherein the robot transfers an object. The determination of the risk level related to the motion of the robot includes: an internal risk level determining operation of determining an internal risk level based on an attribute of the object; and an external risk level determining operation of determining an external risk level related to an environmental state around the robot.

Abstract: A functional safety system of a robot according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can duplicate modules so as to satisfy a performance level d (pl-d) required for the functional satisfy of a robot.

Abstract: A remote control system includes: a recognition unit configured to recognize, based on a shot image objects that can be grasped; an image adjustment unit configured to cause an imaging unit to shoot, when a part of an area of a shot image designated by handwritten information is a predetermined outer peripheral area of the shot image, an image of a second predetermined area including the part of the area of the shot image designated by the handwritten information and an area adjacent to the first predetermined area, and cause the operation terminal to display the shot image of the second predetermined area; and an estimation unit configured to estimate an object to be grasped which has been requested to be grasped and estimate a content of a motion with regard to the object to be grasped which is requested to be performed by the device to be operated.

Abstract: There is provided a component pre-inspection device for a hybrid irregular component insertion robot, installed on a transfer unit of a stick feeder type electronic component supplier that transfers components to a component pickup available position provided inside a hybrid irregular component insertion robot. The component pre-inspection device includes: a camera configured to photograph a lower side of the components being guided through the transfer unit in real time; a gantry robot configured to pick up and discharge defective components among the components guided by the transfer unit; and a control unit configured to determine whether the component is acceptable or defective by comparing a component image of the component photographed by the camera to a reference image of the component stored in a memory, and to operate the gantry robot when the component is determined to be defective.

Abstract: An assembling apparatus and a assembling method. The assembling apparatus includes an image sensor arranged above an assembling station and a first robot arranged near to the assembling station. The first robot is configured to hold a first portion of an object to be assembled onto a target object arranged on the assembling station. The assembling apparatus includes a second robot arranged near to the assembling station and configured to hold a second portion of the object spaced apart from the first portion. The assembling apparatus includes a controller configured to cause the image sensor to capture images and control the first robot to move the first portion and based on the captured images, cause the second robot to move the second portion such that the object is aligned with the target object.

Abstract: A tire picking system (100) performs a process for picking one or more tires stored in an unknown arrangement and for which a target location must be realized. A gripper (108) and a robot (102) including a gripping device (104) supported by a pivotable elongated arm (106), the gripping device extending from the elongated arm to a free end (104a) where the gripper is disposed, form part of the system (100). An image processing module applies data representative of the physical environment around the robot (102) to a deployed neural network in order to determine one or more parameters of a target tire (P*); the robot is set in motion based on the determined parameters of the target tire, so that the gripper can pick a target tire (P*) selected by the system (100) from among the stored tires.

Abstract: A three-dimensional measuring apparatus includes a projection unit that projects a pattern onto a subject, a plurality of image capturing units that capture images of the subject from mutually different points of view, and a processing unit that calculates a distance value to the subject by performing association using image groups captured of the subject by the plurality of image capturing units, wherein the processing unit integrates information based on a first image group that was captured by projecting the pattern onto the subject, and information based on a second image group that was captured without projecting the pattern onto the subject, into integrated images or evaluation values to be used during the association such that features of the images from both the first image group and the second image group remain, and calculates the distance value using the integrated images that have been integrated or the evaluation values.

Abstract: A remote control system includes: a recognition unit configured to recognize, based on a shot image, objects that can be grasped, and movable and immovable areas of a device to be operated; an operation terminal configured to receive handwritten information; and an estimation unit configured to estimate an object to be grasped requested to be grasped and estimate a content of a motion with regard to the object to be grasped which is requested to be performed by the device to be operated, in which the estimation unit estimates, a conveyance route positioned in the movable area of the device to be operated among the conveyance routes as a moving route of the device to be operated and estimates a conveyance route positioned in the immovable area of the device to be operated as a moving route of an end effector that grasps the object to be grasped.

Abstract: In some examples, an autonomous robotic welding system comprises a workspace including a part having a seam, a sensor configured to capture multiple images within the workspace, a robot configured to lay weld along the seam, and a controller. The controller is configured to identify the seam on the part in the workspace based on the multiple images, plan a path for the robot to follow when welding the seam, the path including multiple different configurations of the robot, and instruct the robot to weld the seam according to the planned path.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an electronic device comprises: a moving member comprising a motor, an operation performance member including an arm, a communication module comprising communication circuitry, a camera and at least one processor operatively connected to the moving member, the operation performance member, the communication module and the camera, wherein one or more of the at least one processor is configured to: control the moving member so that the electronic device moves to a position related to operation performance confirmed based on an operation performance command based on the operation performance command being received through the communication module, acquire a first marker image through the camera based on moving to the position, set a reference coordinate system based on the first marker image, set an operation area boundary within the reference coordinate system based on operation area boundary information acquired through a second marker image based on the second marker image being ac

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and system for positioning a robot and adjusting a posture. The method may include obtaining a first image and a second image of a target object. The first image may be captured using an image capturing apparatus, and the second image may be captured using a medical imaging device. The method may also include determining at least one target region corresponding to at least one target portion of the target object from the first image. The at least one target portion may be less affected by physiological motions than other portions. The method may further include determining positioning information of the robot based on the at least one target region and the second image.

Abstract: An assembly, an apparatus, and a method for machining a mechanical part. The assembly includes a parallel robot adapted to be mounted onto a platform under the mechanical part to be machined. The assembly includes a servo spindle mounted on the parallel robot and configured to drive a machining tool to rotate. The parallel robot is configured to drive the servo spindle to translate along the one or more axes with respect to the parallel robot. During the machining of the mechanical part, the parallel robot may drive the servo spindle to translate along the one or more axes under the mechanical part, such that the machining tool may cut out the required shapes and characteristics at a bottom side of the mechanical part.

Abstract: This substrate processing apparatus is provided with: a substrate placing portion on which a substrate is placed; one or more support portions configured to support the substrate and disposed at portions of the substrate placing portion that are brought into contact with the substrate, said one or more support portions being at least partially deformed by the contact with the substrate; a detector configured to detect deformation of the support portion; and a controller configured to specify a degree of the deformation of the substrate based on the detection result of the detector.

Abstract: A robot system includes a self-propelled robot, a manipulating part, a display, a circumference camera that is disposed in the self-propelled robot and images a situation around the self-propelled robot, and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is adapted to generate a self-propelled robot simulated image, and generate a synthesized image including a circumference situation image captured by the circumference camera and the generated self-propelled robot simulated image.

Abstract: An end effector includes an imaging device, first and second contact-move members for grabbing a target object, an actuator, and a control device. When, in an image captured by the imaging device, the target object is located within a target-object-grabbing area between a first-contact-move-member-passage area through which a distal end portion of the first contact-move member passes and a second-contact-move-member-passage area through which a distal end portion of the second contact-move member passes in a predetermined-shaped obstacle exclusion area including the target object, the control device adjusts positions of the first contact-move member and the second contact-move member such that the first and second contact-move members pass through the obstacle exclusion area when the end effector moves to a grabbing position.

Abstract: A tool interchange for a submersible remote operated vehicle (ROV) arm includes a first interchange body that affixes to an ROV arm. A second interchange body is carried by the first interchange body to rotate on a rotation axis. The second interchange body includes a tool mount actuable between gripping an ROV tool to the second interchange body and releasing the ROV tool from the second interchange body. An inductive power coupling part is provided in the tool mount. The inductive power coupling part is presented outwardly in the tool mount opposite the first interchange body, resides on the rotation axis and is fixed with respect to the first interchange body while the second interchange body rotates. The inductive power coupling part is adapted to inductively communicate power with a corresponding inductor power coupling part of the ROV tool when the ROV tool is docked in the tool mount.

Abstract: A joint structure includes: a first member having a cylindrical first inner surface extending along a predetermined axis; a second member having a cylindrical outer surface disposed coaxially with the first inner surface; a first seal that seals annular gap between the first inner surface and the outer surface while allowing relative rotation of the first member and the second member about the axis; a third member having a second inner surface disposed coaxially with the first inner surface and detachably attached to the first member on an outer side of a sealing position sealed with the first seal; and a second seal that is press-fitted into the second inner surface and that seals annular gap between the second inner surface and the outer surface while allowing relative rotation of the first member and the second member about the axis.

Abstract: A modular passive-to-active exoskeleton system utilizes motor unit modules, an electromagnetic-clutch power transmission system, and biometric control. A passive exoskeleton may have a stamina-increasing “chairless chair” function and optional use of magnetic ball-and-socket joints and knee gas-and-torsion springs. To convert the exoskeleton system into an active wearable robotic device, modular attachments allow for motor units to be securely connected to and disconnected from the exoskeletal frame. An exoskeleton system may employ modular motor units that have a transmission system with an electromagnetic clutch that enables a passive mode, active mode, and/or hybrid mode. The motor units may be controlled using wireless biometric sensors that measure limb joint angle and muscle activity. These motor units also communicate via wireless transmission with a central processing unit of the exoskeleton.