Abstract: A fluid injector system includes at least one injector for pressurizing and delivering at least one fluid from at least one fluid reservoir, at least one fluid path section in fluid communication with the at least one injector and having a predetermined index of refraction, and a first proximal sensor and a first distal sensor arranged along the at least one fluid path section. Each of the first proximal sensor and the first distal sensor includes an emitter configured to emit light through the at least one fluid path section, and a detector configured to receive the light emitted through the at least one fluid path section and generate an electrical signal based on the received light. The fluid injector system further includes at least one processor programmed or configured to determine, based on a difference in the electrical signals generated by the first proximal sensor and the first distal sensor, at least one property of a content of the at least one fluid path section.

Abstract: The novel windsock assembly has a tapered sock. The tapered sock has surface indicia located on an outer wall surface of the tapered sock. It is within the scope of this invention for surface indicia to include, but not be limited to, a company's name, a person's name, a phone number, a team logo, text, a phrase, a photo, an image, numerical text, alphabetical text, alphanumerical text, and/or a logo. The first end of the tapered sock has a pocket. A hoop is retained within the pocket of the first end of the tapered sock. A rod has a first end located opposite a second end. The first end of the rod is connected to the hoop. The second end of the rod is connected to an attachment structure. The attachment structure is configured to connect to a vehicle.

Abstract: A micro-electromechanical sensor. The micro-electromechanical sensor includes a substrate and a sensor element that can be resiliently deflected relative to the substrate is described. The sensor element is designed in the shape of a rocker having a light side and a heavy side, wherein the light side of the sensor element has a smaller layer thickness in at least one functional region than has the heavy side of the sensor element. An opening having a flexible stop structure is formed in the functional region. A reinforcing structure at least partially surrounding the opening is also provided in the functional region. The reinforcing structure is at least partially realized by an alternating sequence of anchor segments and connecting segments. The connecting segments have a smaller width than the anchor segments.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optomechanical accelerometer that includes a first membrane having a first susceptibility; a second membrane having a second susceptibility that is greater than the first susceptibility; and at least one support member; wherein: the second membrane is supported above the first membrane by the at least one support member, such that the first and second membranes form at least a portion of an optical cavity.

Abstract: Photonic accelerometers and systems containing the same are described herein. In one aspect, a photonic accelerometer includes: a resonator; a waveguide evanescently coupled to the resonator; a cantilever supporting the resonator, the cantilever including: (i) a first end fixed to a base, and (ii) a second, free end; and a proof mass supported by the free end of the cantilever. The resonator can be configured to store resonant photons in a mode at a resonant frequency. The waveguide can be configured to guide photons proximate the resonator to coupled resonant photons into the mode. The proof mass can be configured to deflect the cantilever based on motion of the base, where deflections of the cantilever cause shifts of the resonant frequency.

Abstract: A method for identifies an anomaly condition in using a hand-held, mechanically unconstrained master device to control a robotic system for medical or surgical teleoperation. The method includes detecting and/or calculating, by sensors, the acceleration vector of a point belonging to or integral with a master device, or of a virtual point uniquely and rigidly associated with the master device; and then identifying a detectable anomaly condition based on a component or modulus of the detected and/or calculated acceleration vector. The detectable anomalies include one or more of the following: involuntary drop of the master device and/or excessive acceleration of the master device, and/or sudden and/or involuntary opening of the master device. Each of the detectable anomalies is associated with a system state change to be performed if the anomaly is detected. A master-slave robotic system for medical or surgical teleoperation is equipped to perform the method.

Abstract: A method for detecting a malfunction of a monitoring system which is used for monitoring the running stability of a rail vehicle during operation of the rail vehicle in a monitoring operating range, includes using an acceleration sensor of the monitoring system to generate a signal during operation of the rail vehicle. In a test using a variable that depends on the signal, it is tested whether the monitoring system has the malfunction. In order to improve the running stability monitoring, the test is carried out during operation of the rail vehicle in an operating range in which the monitoring system does not carry out any running stability monitoring. A device for carrying out the method, a rail vehicle, a computer program and a machine-readable storage medium, are also provided.

Abstract: In a method for obtaining the equivalent oxide thickness of a dielectric layer, a first semiconductor capacitor including a first silicon dioxide layer and a second semiconductor capacitor including a second silicon dioxide layer are provided and a modulation voltage is applied to the semiconductor capacitors to measure a first scanning capacitance microscopic signal and a second scanning capacitance microscopic signal. According to the equivalent oxide thicknesses of the silicon dioxide layers and the scanning capacitance microscopic signals, an impedance ratio is calculated. The modulation voltage is applied to a third semiconductor capacitor including a dielectric layer to measure a third scanning capacitance microscopic signal. Finally, the equivalent oxide thickness of the dielectric layer is obtained according to the equivalent oxide thickness of the first silicon dioxide layer, the first scanning capacitance microscopic signal, third scanning capacitance microscopic signal, and the impedance ratio.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a method of removing and collecting particles from a photomask including fabricating the photomask on a substrate, generating a first map indicating locations of particles on a surface of the photomask by inspecting the surface of the photomask using a probe tip, vertically moving the probe tip to a first vertical height that is lower than a height of the particle, horizontally moving the probe tip parallel to the surface of the photomask at the first vertical height, generating a second map indicating locations of particles on the surface of the photomask using the probe tip, vertically moving the probe tip to a second vertical height that is lower than the first vertical height, and horizontally moving the probe tip parallel to the surface of the photomask at the second vertical height.

Abstract: Disclosed is a test box with circuit boards assembled by means of guide rails. The test box includes a box body, a guide rail assembly, a main circuit board, functional circuit boards and an adapter circuit board are arranged in the box body, the functional circuit boards and the main circuit board are perpendicularly in snap fit with the guide rail assembly and are in plug-in connection to the main circuit board by means of terminals, and the adapter circuit board is installed on the inner side wall of the box body and is in plug-in connection to the functional circuit boards by means of terminals. According to the invention, the circuit boards are installed by means of the guide rails, installation procedures are simplified, assembly efficiency is improved, assembly difficulty is reduced, and a space utilization rate is improved.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for compensating for thermal drift of a probe device. The method includes monitoring a first temperature of a laser source in a sensor head that receives output electrical signals from a DUT and outputs corresponding optical signals; monitoring a second temperature of a photoreceiver in a probe interface that converts the optical signals to electrical test signals to input to the test instrument; calculating a first value of a first bias voltage using the first temperature; applying the first value of the first bias voltage to the laser source to compensate for thermal drift when the first temperature is within a first predefined temperature range; calculating a second value of a second bias voltage for the photoreceiver using the second temperature; and applying the second value of the second bias voltage to the photoreceiver to compensate for thermal drift when the second temperature is within a second predefined temperature range.

Abstract: Provided is an electrical signal sampling device. The electrical signal sampling device includes a pulse signal source, a first sampling module, and a signal delay module. The pulse signal source is configured to generate a pulse signal. The first sampling module is connected to the pulse signal source through a coupler. The coupler is configured to fan-out the pulse signal to generate a test input signal and a sampling incidence signal. The test input signal is input into a tested device from the coupler and then is coupled to form a test output signal. The first sampling module is configured to collect the sampling incidence signal and the test output signal through the coupler. The signal delay module generates N excitation signals through a preset delay.

Abstract: A current sensor is configured by at least one magnetoelectric conversion element, a conductor, and a signal processing IC being encapsulated by an encapsulating portion. The current sensor includes a pair of first lead terminals that is partially exposed outside of the encapsulating portion, is electrically connected to the conductor, inputs the measurement current to the conductor, and outputs the measurement current from the conductor; a metal member that is partially exposed outside the encapsulating portion and is spaced apart from the conductor; and a supporting portion that supports the at least one magnetoelectric conversion element, the signal processing IC, and the metal member on a first surface, is separated from the conductor, and is separate from the metal member.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a semiconductor element in a semiconductor module, wherein the semiconductor module has feed lines contacting the semiconductor element, includes arranging a magneto-optical sensor in a region of the semiconductor element or of at least one of the feed lines, reflecting a polarized light signal from the magneto-optical sensor or transmitting a polarized light signal through the magneto-optical sensor, and determining a current from a polarization of the reflected or transmitted light signal.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to a circuit for evaluating the ground voltage of each circuit partition of a number of circuit partitions, one partition at a time. Once the ground voltage is determined, a corresponding code is stored to control a leakage circuit coupled to the ground node. The leakage circuit provides a leakage current based on the code to offset the ground voltage to a target voltage, which may be common for each of the partitions. The circuit can include a voltage source which supplies a stair step increasing voltage to a comparator. The comparator compares the voltage of the voltage source to the ground node voltage and provides an output which changes when the two input voltages are approximately equal, within a tolerance. The circuit may include a finite state machine for managing the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a current sensing device comprising: a bus bar including a plurality of low-resistance metal portions separated from each other with a resistance portion therebetween; a printed circuit board arranged below the bus bar; a plurality of fixing pins which are joined to the metal portions of the bus bar to fix the bus bar on the printed circuit board and provide a current path between the metal portions and the printed circuit board; and at least one Hall sensor module. At least a portion of the Hall sensor module is inserted into a sensor hole formed in at least one of the low-resistance metal portions of the bus bar.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for detecting a glitch on a supply voltage comprising a low pass filter arrangement coupled to a supply terminal and configured provide a filtered supply voltage. The circuit arrangement comprises a first and second detector circuit each configured to receive the supply voltage and the filtered supply voltage and configured to provide a first and second detection signal indicative of a glitch comprising a transient, positive and a transient negative change in the supply voltage at a first detector output terminal and second detector output terminal respectively. The circuit arrangement further comprises a circuit-arrangement output terminal configured to provide an output signal indicative of the detection of a glitch in the supply voltage based on the first detection signal and the second detection signal.

Abstract: An abnormal detection circuit is provided. The abnormal detection circuit includes a conversion circuit, a voltage detection circuit, and a warning circuit. The conversion circuit receives a three-phase alternating current (AC) power and converts the three-phase AC power into a driving power. The voltage detection circuit detects each phase of the three-phase AC power. When a voltage value of at least one phase AC power of the three-phase AC power is abnormal, the voltage detection circuit uses the driving power to output at least one control signal corresponding to the abnormality. The warning circuit is driven by receiving the driving power and outputs at least one warning signal corresponding to the abnormality in response to the at least one control signal.

Abstract: Device for ratiometric measurement of voltages for an analog-digital converter, wherein the device comprises a functional providing unit, a microcontroller and a first sensor, wherein a reference voltage is provided to the microcontroller and a first supply voltage is provided to the first sensor and the microcontroller by the functional providing unit, and wherein the first sensor is connected to the microcontroller in terms of signalling by transmitting sensor signals, and wherein the microcontroller comprises a first multiplexer and a second multiplexer, wherein the multiplexers outputs signals to the analog-digital-converter.

Abstract: A current detection circuit includes a current detection resistor of which a first end is connected to a ground potential, a PWM signal generation circuit configured to output a PWM signal, a smoothing circuit configured to generate a smooth voltage by smoothing the PWM signal, and an amplifier circuit configured to amplify a voltage generated at a second end of the current detection resistor. The amplifier circuit is a grounded-base circuit or a grounded-gate circuit. A control terminal of a first transistor included in the grounded-base circuit or the grounded-gate circuit is configured to receive a voltage that is based on the smooth voltage.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for an monitoring power consumption of a known electronic device including: monitoring, by a monitoring device, a received input electrical power from the known electronic devices; determining a maximum measured power value of the monitored input electrical power; converting the determined maximum power value to a current value; determining if the converted current value is greater than the determined maximum measured power value; connecting to a remote computing device and obtaining access to communicate with the remote computing device via an authentication process; and transmitting data to the connected remote computing device if the determined converted current value is greater than zero.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for measuring a first electric current in a first printed conductor of a printed circuit board, which also includes a second printed conductor, wherein the ratio of electrical resistances between the first and second printed conductors is known. The apparatus includes a device for measuring a first electric voltage across the first printed conductor based on the first electric current in the first printed conductor, a device for injecting a known second electric current into the second printed conductor, a device for measuring a second electric voltage across the second printed conductor based on the known second electric current in the second printed conductor, and a device for determining the first electric current based on the first electric voltage, the second electric voltage, the known second electric current and the known ratio of electrical resistances between the first and second printed conductors.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for determining a resistance of radio power electrical conductors coupling a voltage converter to a radio using electrical parameter(s) obtained from the radio.

Abstract: A capacitance measure circuit includes a charge to voltage converter (CVC), and the CVC includes an excitation signal generation circuit that is arranged to generate and connect an excitation signal to a first terminal of a capacitance sensor, a differential amplifier, a first switch circuit, and at least one first variable capacitor. The inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier is arranged to receive a sensing capacitance value from a second terminal of the capacitance sensor. The first switch circuit is coupled between the inverting input terminal and the non-inverting output terminal of the differential amplifier, and is connected in parallel with the at least one first variable capacitor at the inverting input terminal and the non-inverting output terminal of the differential amplifier.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus includes a radiation unit, a first detection module, a propagation module, and a control unit. The radiation unit is configured to emit an electromagnetic wave. The first detection module includes a plurality of detection elements configured to output result denoting detection of an electromagnetic wave. The propagation module includes a plurality of propagation elements capable of switching between a first state and a second state. The electromagnetic wave is caused to proceed toward the first detection module by the plurality of propagation elements in the first state and is kept from proceeding toward the first detection module by the plurality of propagation elements in the second state. The control unit is configured to cause a first propagation element to transition into the first state and to cause a second propagation element to transition into the second state.

Abstract: A system and method of automatically detecting electrical discharges in a gas insulated switchgear equipment and locating the electrical discharges in real-time is disclosed. The method includes sensing an ultra high frequency (UHF) signal generated from the electrical discharges at multiple channels simultaneously. The UHF signal sensed at multiple channels are reviewed simultaneously to determine whether they are of the same electrical discharge or not. The method also provides the sensed UHF signal at multiple channels to an artificial intelligence training model trained to determine the type of electrical discharge such as a partial discharge or an arc. The method provides a location of the electrical discharge based on an attenuation profile associated with the multiple channels and other information including amplitude information and distance information between adjacent channels.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and structures providing dynamic line rating (DLR) for overhead transmission lines based on distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS)/distributed temperature sensing (DTS) to determine temperature of the electrical conductors. Environmental conditions such as wind speed, wind direction, and solar radiation data, are collected from environmental sensors and an acoustic modem that convert the digital data collected from the environmental sensors into generated vibration patterns that are subsequently used to vibrationally excite a DFOS optical sensor fiber. The DFOS system monitors the optical sensor fiber and detects, measures, and decodes the vibrational excitations. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) determines a heat transfer correlation between the temperature of the optical sensor fiber and electrical conductor(s) (core temperature).

Abstract: A contact device and a characteristic measuring device including the same includes: a body part in which a connection hole having a shape passing through the body part from one surface toward the other surface is defined; a connection part including a first shaft provided at one side and connected to the connection hole, and a second shaft provided to be parallel to the first shaft at the other side; and a contact part having a coupling hole, the coupling hole having a shape passing through the contact part so that the second shaft is coupled therethrough, and the other side provided with a terminal in contact with the cell. The connection part is rotatable with respect to the body part by the first shaft, and the contact part is rotatable with respect to the connection part by the second shaft.

Abstract: Methods are provided for accelerating the insulation resistance measuring for determining an insulation resistance according to a pulse measuring method in an ungrounded power supply system. After indicating a target charging state of the network capacities available, a target point in time is calculated at which the network capacities have reached the target charging state. A first wait time is calculated from the current point in time as the difference between the target charging state and the current point. Alternatively, a target charging rate reflects a sufficiently stationary charging state of the capacitors, valid for measuring the insulation resistance. The target charging rate corresponds to the derivative of the first order of the target charging voltage and thus linked to the target point in time. Using the derivatives of the first order, a time difference is calculated as a second wait time.

Abstract: This disclosure is related to arranging micro devices in the donor substrate by either patterning or population so that there is no interfering with non-receiving pads and the non-interfering area in the donor substrate is maximized. This enables the transfer of micro devices to a receiver substrate with fewer steps.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided and includes a substrate, a first contact pad, a second contact pad, an electronic element, and a third contact pad. The first contact pad and the second contact pad are disposed on the substrate. The electronic element is located above the substrate and electrically connected to the first contact pad and the second contact pad. The third contact pad is electrically connected to the first contact pad. A test method for an electronic device is also provided.

Abstract: A testing module for a semiconductor wafer-form package includes a circuit board structure, first connectors, a first connecting structure, second connectors, third connectors and a first bridge connector. The circuit board structure includes two edge regions and a main region located therebetween. The first connectors are located over the edge regions and connected to the circuit board structure. The first connecting structure is located over and distant from the circuit board structure. The second connectors and third connectors are located over and connected to the first connecting structure, where the third connectors are configured to transmit electric signals for testing the semiconductor wafer-form package being placed over the main region. The first bridge connector is electrically coupling the circuit board structure and the first connecting structure by connecting the second connectors and the first connectors.

Abstract: A testing apparatus comprises a test interface board comprising a plurality of socket interface boards, wherein each socket interface board comprises: a) an open socket to hold a DUT; b) a discrete active thermal interposer comprising thermal properties and operable to make thermal contact with the DUT; c) a superstructure operable to contain the discrete active thermal interposer; and d) an actuation mechanism operable to provide a contact force to bring the discrete active thermal interposer in contact with the DUT.

Abstract: A semiconductor device making it easy to detect disconnection in source wires and achieving a reduction in resistance and an inspection method for the semiconductor device are provided. A semiconductor device according to the present embodiment includes: a lead frame; a semiconductor chip on the lead frame; a source pad provided in the semiconductor chip; a plurality of source wires connected to the source pad; a disconnection detection wire connected to the source pad; source terminals connected to the plurality of source wires; and a disconnection detection terminal connected to the disconnection detection wire. One end of the disconnection detection wire is positioned in vicinity of a corner of the source pad closer to the disconnection detection terminal side.

Abstract: A low level contact resistance (LLCR) testing apparatus comprises a test board, an interface board, and a patch board. The test board comprises a processor socket. The interface board connects to both the test board and the patch board. The patch board connects to a contact resistance tester. An LLCR system comprising the LLCR testing apparatus and a contact resistance tester can be portable. The test board can accommodate thermal management solutions of varying sizes and types. Different test board designs can accommodate different socket-processor configurations and the different test boards can be easily accommodated by an LLCR testing apparatus due to its modular design.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are thermal heads and corresponding test systems for independently controlling a one or more components while testing one or more devices under test. In some embodiments, a thermal head comprises a plurality of adapters, one or more heaters, and one or more thermal controllers for independently controlling temperatures of the components. The thermal controllers may control the temperatures of at least some of the components independently such that thermal control of one component does not affect the thermal control of the other component. In some embodiments, the thermal control is by way of one or more cold plates, and the thermal head comprises one or more cold plates. Embodiments of the disclosure further include independent control of one or more forces using one or more force mechanisms.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a novel method and apparatus for improving interposers to include embedded monitoring instruments for real time monitoring digital signals, analog signals, voltage signals and temperature sensors located in the interposer. An embedded monitor trigger unit controls the starting and stopping of the real time monitoring operations. The embedded monitoring instruments are accessible via an 1149.1 TAP interface on the interposer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a contact chuck test head for a handler of an integrated circuit tester system. The contact chuck test head comprises a magnetically held DUT contact unit that can be replaced by a technician without requiring any tool or special equipment. The contact chuck test head t is mounted to an automated handler. Magnets are employed at an interface between the DUT contact unit and contact chuck base. This allows the DUT contact unit to be brought into close proximity to the contact chuck base portion and magnetic forces act to both align and mate the two parts together. Since the DUT contact unit requires change out to accommodate different sizes and types of DUTs, it is advantageous to provide an easy swap-out mechanism.

Abstract: An outlier IC detection method includes acquiring first measured data of a first IC set, training the first measured data for establishing a training model, acquiring second measured data of a second IC set, generating predicted data of the second IC set by using the training model according to the second measured data, generating a bivariate dataset distribution of the second IC set according to the predicted data and the second measured data, acquiring a predetermined Mahalanobis distance on the bivariate dataset distribution of the second IC set, and identifying at least one outlier IC from the second IC set when at least one position of the at least one outlier IC on the bivariate dataset distribution is outside a range of the predetermined Mahalanobis distance.

Abstract: A test device is configured to test an on-chip clock controller having a debug function. The test device includes a scan chain and a test circuit. The scan chain includes N flip-flop circuit(s), each of which stores a first input signal as a storage signal, then stores a second input signal as the storage signal or keeps the current storage signal according to an input clock, and then output the storage signal. Since the first and second input signals are different, the outputted storage signal indicates whether the flip-flop circuit stores the second input signal or keeps the current storage signal according to the input clock under predetermined test setting, and indicates whether circuits under test (CUTs) for transmitting the input clock operate normally. The test circuit outputs an observation clock of the on-chip clock controller or an independent clock as the input clock according to the predetermined test setting.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device comprises: a first die having disposed thereon a first plurality of latches wherein ones of the first plurality of latches are operatively connected to an adjacent one of the first plurality of latches; and a second die having disposed thereon a second plurality of latches wherein ones of the second plurality of latches are operatively connected to an adjacent one of the second plurality of latches. Each latch of the first plurality of latches on said first die corresponds to a latch in the second plurality of latches on said second die. Each set of corresponding latches are operatively connected. A scan path comprises a closed loop comprising each of said first and second plurality of latches. One of the second plurality of latches is operatively connected to another one of the second plurality of latches via an inverter.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a diagnostic in situ ring oscillator (RO) circuit for DC and transient characterization. The RO circuit includes a plurality of symmetrical stages coupled via an RO feedback signal line and forming an inverter chain, where each stage includes a CMOS inverter comprising a pair of pMOS and nMOS transistors coupled between power-gating transistors respectively coupled to a positive voltage source and ground, wherein an output of a CMOS inverter for the stage is coupled to an input for the CMOS inverter of a next stage. The first stage is a configurable enable stage to enable the inverter chain to be set into a defined logic state, followed by multiple pre-stage-DUT stages. The output of the last stage is feed back to the input of the enable stage to form an RO feedback signal. The RO circuit can operate in multiple modes including an AC mode, a DC mode, and a hybrid mode.

Abstract: A determination device includes an estimation circuit and a determination circuit. The estimation circuit generates estimation data by estimating input data in the n-th cycle based on the input data in cycles prior to the n-th cycle and a first generator polynomial. The determination circuit determines whether the input data and the estimation data match. The first generator polynomial is an arithmetic expression that sets the estimation data in the n-th cycle to an inverted value of the input data in (n?1)-th cycle if a logical sum of all the input data in a first period corresponding to a preset number of cycles prior to the n-th cycle is 0 or a logical product of all the input data in a second period corresponding to the preset number of cycles prior to the n-th cycle is 1, and sets the estimation data in the n-th cycle to the same value as the input data in the (n?1)-th cycle if the logical sum is not 0 and the logical product is not 1.

Abstract: A fault detection system of eccentricity severity of an induction machine including a rotor and stator is provided. The fault detection system includes a sensor interface configured to acquire sensor signals from sensors arranged at predetermined positions of the induction machine, wherein the sensor signals are indicative of an eccentricity level of a rotor of the induction machine, a memory coupled with a processor. The memory stores training data sets and instructions implementing a learning-based fault detection method for the induction machine.

Abstract: A system for performing a measurement on a component, the system comprising: an integrated circuit (IC) comprising: analog to digital (ADC) converter circuitry; and processing circuitry, wherein the system further comprises: difference circuitry, wherein: the difference circuitry is operable to generate a compensated measurement voltage by subtracting a compensation voltage received from a voltage source external to the integrated circuit from a measurement voltage output by the component in response to a stimulus signal received by the component; the ADC circuitry is configured to convert the compensated measurement voltage into a digital compensated measurement signal; and the measurement circuitry is configured to generate a measurement result based on the digital compensated measurement signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a battery current monitoring method, a controller and a circuit. The method is applied to a current monitoring circuit, the current monitoring circuit includes a hall sensor, a controller and a constant voltage source.

Abstract: A method for estimating equivalent circuit model parameters of a battery may include measuring a battery voltage across terminals of the battery and a battery current drawn from the battery, decomposing the battery voltage and the battery current into a plurality of sub-bands, each sub-band of the plurality of sub-bands based on a time constant that characterizes a temporal behavior of the battery, for each sub-band of the plurality of sub-bands, estimating an equivalent resistance for such sub-band based on a spectral content of the battery voltage and battery current for such sub-band, and estimating an open circuit voltage of the battery based at least on the spectral content of the battery voltage and battery current present in one of the plurality of sub-bands and the equivalent resistances of the plurality of sub-bands.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for step parameter identification based on an electrochemical model, including: identifying a first type of electrochemical parameters through a reduced-order electrochemical model by utilizing different preset charge-discharge rate data; determining a first type of target electrochemical parameters identified by the reduced-order electrochemical model through extrapolation; the first type of target electrochemical parameters including an approximate value of the first type of electrochemical parameters or the first type of electrochemical parameters at a specific rate; identifying the first type of electrochemical parameters, which includes solid-phase lithium concentration and exchange current, through a full-order electrochemical model by taking the first type of target electrochemical parameters as actual values of the first type of electrochemical parameters of the full-order electrochemical model; and identifying a second type of electrochemical parameters, which include

Abstract: A method for adjusting a current of a battery includes obtaining one or more parameters of a battery including the current of the battery, a voltage and a temperature of the battery, determining a first correction parameter relating to a variation in current due to charging and discharging of the battery, based on at least a portion of the one or more parameters, determining a difference between an electrolyte concentration of an anode surface and an electrolyte concentration of a cathode surface of the battery, based on at least a portion of the one or more parameters, determining a temperature parameter based on the temperature of the battery, determining a second correction parameter relating to a temperature of the battery, based on the difference and the temperature parameter, and determining a correction value for the current of the battery based on the first correction parameter and the second correction parameter.

Abstract: In a battery measurement apparatus, a current controller sets a predetermined wavenumber of each of first and second alternating signals, and determines whether an input or an output of the predetermined wavenumber of one of the first and second alternating signals to or from a rechargeable battery has completed. The current controller switches, in response to determination that the input or output of the predetermined wavenumber of one of the first and second alternating signals to or from the rechargeable battery has completed, the completed one of the first and second alternating signals to a new alternating signal having another frequency while continuing the input or output of the other of the first and second alternating signals to or from the rechargeable battery.