Abstract: A variety of methods and compositions are disclosed, including, in one embodiment a method a cementing in a subterranean formation comprising: providing a set-delayed cement composition comprising water, pumice, hydrated lime, and a set retarder; foaming the set-delayed cement composition; activating the set-delayed cement composition; introducing the set-delayed cement composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the set-delayed cement composition to set in the subterranean formation. Additional methods, foamed set-delayed cement composition, and systems for cementing are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to cementing operations and, more particularly, in certain embodiments, to settable compositions that comprise kiln dust and wollastonite and methods of use in subterranean formations. An embodiment discloses a method of cementing comprising: providing a settable composition comprising kiln dust, wollastonite, and water; and allowing the settable composition to set.

Abstract: Shaped geopolymeric particles, fibers, and articles incorporating at least one geopolymer are provided; the geopolymeric particles, fibers, and articles having a structure that is solid, foamed, hollow or with one or more voids. Geopolymers are formed by alkali activation of an aluminosilicate and/or aluminophosphate material. The end-products are shaped as spheres, flakes, fibers, aggregates thereof or articles. Such products are formed at low temperatures; wherein forming includes processing using techniques such as spray drying, melt spinning, or blowing. The shaped geopolymeric particles and fibers have high chemical durability, high mechanical strength, application-targeted flowability and packing properties, and are specially suited for incorporating into composite materials, articles, and for use in cementitious, polymeric, paint, printing, adhesion and coating applications.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to devices and methods for the manufacture and installation of precast architectural products derived from recycled materials. Preferably, the precast products are comprised of recycled foam material that may be derived from scrap material or used mold components. The recycled devices and methods utilize a two-step ledger system to help install architectural products that would otherwise require mechanical fasteners because of the weight of the precast piece. To be used with a ledger, the architectural products disclosed herein comprise a channel or indentation configured to receive and rest on the ledger. Also disclosed is a mold for precast architectural products that can itself form a part of the recycled foam material used in the mixture that forms precast architectural products.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for producing a carbonate precipitation material comprising stable or reactive vaterite from carbide lime that provides both a source of divalent cations (Ca2+ ions, Mg2+ ions, etc.) and a source of proton removing agent.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide cellular phosphate bodies formed using specialized steps to ensure a specific strength range, and specifically a compressive strength less than 100 pounds per square inch. Further embodiments relate to uses for various phosphate ceramics as vehicle arresting systems.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of subterranean formations, and more specifically, treatment fluids containing pumicite and methods of using these treatment fluids in subterranean formations, are provided. An example of a method is a method of displacing a fluid in a well bore. Another example of a method is a method of separating fluids in a well bore in a subterranean formation. An example of a composition is a settable spacer fluid comprising pumicite, an activating agent, and a base fluid.

Abstract: A foamed cement composition is disclosed for utilization in performing a variety of well cementing operations, and to methods for making and using same. The foamed cement composition basically includes a cement, water sufficient to form a pumpable slurry, a gas sufficient to foam the slurry, a foaming agent and optionally a foam stabilizing agent.

Abstract: A method of making a rapid setting lightweight cementitious composition with improved compressive strength for products such as boards is disclosed. The method mixes fly ash, alkali metal salt of citric acid and lightweight aggregate with water. Compositions which include fly ash, alkali metal salts of citric acid and lightweight aggregate are also disclosed.

Abstract: A lightweight artificial stone system comprises a plurality of artificial stones, each of the artificial stones formed of at least some portion of cement, expanded glass, and styrene, the lightweight artificial stones having a density in the range of between about 30 and 70 pounds per cubic foot, each of the stones having six sides and including a first height dimension and a second width dimension, each of the height and width dimensions having a length unit being substantially a multiple of two, each of the stones having four ninety degrees corners and four of the six sides having a smooth surface to provide tight, cement-free seams between adjacent stones, the tight, cement-free seams inhibiting viewing of structure behind said plurality of artificial stones, each of the stones being of such a light weight so as to be held in position in the system by a lath-less and cement-free adhesive.

Abstract: An improved concrete is provided having a concrete formed from a wet concrete mixture; and a non-chemical admix added to the wet concrete mixture and configured to contain bubbles in order to control the amount of entrained air formed in the concrete when the wet concrete mixture cures into the improved concrete. The non-chemical admix includes a multiplicity of hollow objects, bodies, elements or structures, each configured with a respective cavity, unfilled space, or hole to trap and maintain a bubble inside. The hollow objects, bodies, elements or structures include hollow cylinders, or spheres, or capillary tubes, or some combination thereof. Each hollow object, body, element or structure is configured with a dimension so as not to absorb liquid, including water, including where the dimension is in a range of about 20-30 microns, and is made of glass or a glass-like material.

Abstract: The invention relates to CO2 capturing binder with an amortized environmental cost, the method of manufacture thereof by means of selecting, purifying and optimizing the carbide lime paste for use as a cementing material, and aggregates for the manufacture of lime paints and slurries, stuccos, mortars and concretes having multiple applications in the construction industry, in architectural restoration, in public works and land conditioning, object of the present invention. It is basically characterized in that the raw material is the residue in the form of sludge generated in the industrial manufacture of acetylene (C2H2) from calcium carbide (CaC2) the fundamental component of which is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in highly reactive nanometric formations treated in a specific manner according to the invention.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of aerated concrete construction materials comprising the following steps: (a) mixing a composition comprising at least water, a cementitious material, calcium oxide, a compound comprising reactive silicon dioxide, a source of oxygen, and a compound selected from sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide; (b) pouring the mixture of step (a) into a mould and allowing the mixture to set, thus forming a stiffened body; (c) removing the stiffened body from the mould; (d) optionally cutting and shaping the stiffened body, and (e) curing the stiffened body.

Abstract: Low density additives and methods of making said additives for composite materials are provided. The low density additives have at least a partial or complete water repellant property that reduces moisture migration, absorption, and retention within a composite material in which it is incorporated into. Active sites are engineered onto the surface of the low density additives to enhance bonding of the additives within a composite matrix. Reduced water movement and enhanced bonding lead to an increased strength and durability performance for a composite material comprising such additives. Composite materials incorporating one or more engineered low density additives as also provided, such composite materials having enhanced strength and durability. Such composite materials may be made from a Hatschek process. The composite materials may be further used as interior and exterior building products.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a titanium-containing article casting mold composition comprising calcium aluminate and an X-ray or Neutron-ray detectable element. Furthermore, present embodiments teach a method for detecting sub-surface ceramic inclusions in a titanium or titanium alloy casting by combining calcium aluminate, an element more radiographically dense than the calcium aluminate, and a liquid to form a slurry; forming a mold having the calcium aluminate and the radiographically dense element from the slurry; introducing a titanium aluminide-containing metal to the radiographically dense element-bearing mold; solidifying said titanium aluminide-containing metal to form an article in the mold; removing the solidified titanium aluminide-containing metal article from said mold; subjecting the solidified titanium aluminide-containing article to radiographic inspection to provide a radiograph; and examining said radiograph for the presence of the radiographically dense element on or in the article.

Abstract: The invention relates to an expanded concrete composed of binder-containing mixtures, preferably having binders composed of Portland cement as specified in DIN EN 197 or of mixtures of hydraulic, latent-hydraulic and/or pozzolanic binders, having binders, water with a fraction of 20-60% by mass based on the mass of the binder in the mixture, chemical gas-forming agent, preferably in the form of aluminum powder, at 0.05-0.25% by mass, based on the mass of the binder, for forming mostly air pores in the expanded concrete, wherein the gas-forming agent in the form of a powder forms a mixture of different particle sizes, concrete additives such as in particular microsilica and/or flyash with a fraction of 0.5-25% by mass, based on the mass of the binder, concrete admixtures of mostly liquefying character and at a fraction of 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cement compositions and their use in cementing operations. The cements comprise an aluminosilicate; a sodium aluminate, a calcium aluminate, a potassium aluminate, or a combination thereof; and water. In some cases the cement does not include Portland cement. The cement may be used in a subterranean formation having corrosive components therein, wherein the set cement sheath is resistant to degradation from the corrosive components within the subterranean formation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel granular silicas for use as support material, especially as support for catalysts for fixed bed reactors, and to the production and use thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing lightweight aggregate concrete utilizing fully saturated aggregate particles includes a vacuum vessel that discharges substantially directly into a concrete mixer that combines the aggregates with quantities of cement and water to create a batch of lightweight aggregate concrete. The vacuum vessel receives a supply of non-saturated lightweight aggregates from a bulk supply bin. A pump evacuates the air from the vessel until a desired vacuum level is attained, which evacuates air from the pores and interstitial spaces within the aggregate particles. The volume of water needed to fully saturate the aggregates within the vessel is fed into the vessel to create fully saturated aggregates that are subsequently discharged into the concrete mixer. The second volume of water needed to hydrate the cement is added to the vessel to flush out the vessel and be discharged into the concrete mixer to produce the batch of concrete.

Abstract: This invention relates to a formulation with the addition of low density additives of volcanic ash, hollow ceramic microspheres or a combination of microspheres and volcanic ash or other low density additives into cementitious cellulose fiber reinforced building materials. This formulation is advantageously lightweight or low density compared as compared to current fiber cement products without the increased moisture expansion and freeze-thaw degradation usually associated with the addition of lightweight inorganic materials to fiber cement mixes. The low density additives also give the material improved thermal dimensional stability.

Abstract: A foamed cement composition is disclosed for utilization in performing a variety of well cementing operations, and to methods for making and using same. The foamed cement composition basically includes a cement, water sufficient to form a pumpable slurry, a gas sufficient to foam the slurry, a foaming agent and optionally a foam stabilizing agent.

Abstract: Concrete mixtures for use with air entraining agents and supplementary cementitious materials are achieved using a carbon encapsulating agent. The carbon encapsulating agent can include a nitrilotrisethanol aliphatic soap.

Abstract: The present invention provides settable compositions and methods of using settable compositions that comprise a hydraulic cement; a partially calcined kiln feed comprising SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, Na2O, and K2O; metakaolin; and water. The location to be cemented may be above ground or in a subterranean formation.

Abstract: A lightweight previous cellular concrete is provided. The concrete has an internal structure comprising interconnected channels, resulting in a permeability K value of less than about 1×10?5, and as low as about 1. The cellular concrete has a density range of between 10 to about 100 pounds per cubic foot, with a compressive strength of between about 10 to about 1000 psi.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a refractory aggregate composition comprising an improved calcium aluminate clinker having the formula CnAx wherein C is calcium oxide and A is aluminum oxide, wherein n is an integer from about 1 to about 12, wherein x is an integer from about 1 to about 24, and wherein said clinker has from zero to less than about fifty weight percent C12A7, and including a source of barium that is substituted for calcium in said calcium aluminate clinker. Analogs, derivatives and hydrates of the improved calcium aluminate clinker are provided. A refractory composition and a sprayable refractory composition are disclosed comprising the improved calcium aluminate clinker. A method for improving the insulating character and/or penetration resistance of a liner in contact with molten aluminum in an aluminum manufacturing process or during aluminum transport is provided.

Abstract: Methods of using nanohybrid-containing fluids in a well are provided. The methods include the steps of: (a) forming or providing a well fluid comprising a nanohybrid; and (b) introducing the well fluid into a well. The methods can be used in various applications, such as in drilling, completion, or intervention operations.

Abstract: Methods of making particulates for use in a subterranean application comprising: providing particulates of a settable composition comprising a cementitious material, a filler material, and an activator of the cementitious material; and pre-curing the particulates until the particulates reach a crush strength of about 50 psi or greater; and curing the pre-cured particulates at a temperature in the range of about 230° F. to about 600° F., so that at least a portion of the particulates comprise a newly formed crystalline phase.

Abstract: Additive particles may be employed in sufficient amounts to impart superhydrophobicity to a coating system in which the additive particles are incorporated. The additive particles include carrier microparticles and a dense plurality of nanoparticles adhered to the surfaces of the carrier microparticles (e.g., preferably by electrostatic deposition or covalent bonding). The additive particles are advantageously incorporated into a coating material (e.g., a polymeric material) in amounts sufficient to render a substrate surface superhydrophobic when coated with the coating material. The substrate may be rigid (e.g., glass, ceramic or metal) or flexible (e.g., a polymeric film or sheet or a fabric). In some preferred embodiments, both the microparticle and nanoparticles are formed of silica and are surface treated with a hydrophobic treatment so as to impart superhydrophobic properties thereto.

Abstract: Porogen containing calcium phosphate cement compositions are provided. Aspects of the cement compositions include a dry calcium phosphate reactant component, a setting fluid component and a porogen component. The porogen component includes at least first and second porogens having different pore forming profiles. Aspects of the invention include combining the cement components to produce a settable composition. Aspects of the invention further include the settable compositions themselves as well as kits for preparing the same. Methods and compositions as described herein find use in a variety of applications, including hard tissue repair applications.

Abstract: A lightweight pervious cellular concrete is provided. The concrete has an internal structure comprising interconnected channels, resulting in a permeability K value of less than about 1×10?5, and as low as about 1. The cellular concrete has a density range of between 10 to about 100 pounds per cubic foot, with a compressive strength of between about 10 to about 1000 psi.

Abstract: A silica cement blend having an insulating, fire retarding and high temperature characteristic capable of withstanding temperatures ranging from ambient to greater than 40000 F without degradation of the concrete structure. In addition to its high temperature capabilities the blend can be produced as ultra light weight to heavy weight concrete. The silica based mixture when added to cementitious materials such as Portland cement, Class C Fly Ash, silica fume and other cementitious materials. Presented also are methods for reducing fire damage by coating interior/exterior walls, ceiling, and roofs of a building with a water based latex coating containing a fire retardant material and low heat conductivity silicas. Methods for painting internal/external walls, ceilings, and roof are also presented.

Abstract: A cementitious slurry and method of making the cementitious slurry comprising mixing a pozzolanic component, a foaming agent of hypochlorite, and a hydroxide solution of soluble hydroxide dissolved in water, whereby the slurry is foamed and hardened into a cellular cementitious composition.

Abstract: Defoamer compositions are disclosed and methods for making and using same, where the defoamer has universal applicability at low concentrations. The defoamer compositions include between 40 vol. % and about 80 vol. % distilled water (other waters may be used instead), 10 vol. % and about 30 vol. % of silicon anti-foam agent and between about 10 vol. % and about 30 vol. % of active silicon anti-foam agent. The defoamer compositions are used in amount of less than or equal to 200 ppm in all foamed downhole fluid systems.

Abstract: A self-foaming bone cement is described herein. In one variation, the bone cements include a self setting calcium phosphate cement formulation which when cured, forms macroscopic pores of varying sizes and densities with sufficient surface area to provide substantial regions for bone turnover.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a cement admixture that can form concrete having a sufficient self-healing capability and satisfactorily maintaining its self-healing capability for prolonged periods. The cement admixture of the invention contains an expanding material and an alumina-silicate with swelling properties. The cement admixture is combined with cement to form a cement composition. The cement composition is mixed with water and an aggregate to provide concrete with an excellent self-healing capability.

Abstract: A pervious concrete slab is pre-cast in a reusable mold or form to define at least one keyway configured and arranged to engage with a complementary keyway of another similar pre-cast pervious concrete slab. The concrete slab is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to an installation site, and installed.

Abstract: Methods of manufacture and use of flowable materials are provided. The flowable fill materials include a cement-based fill material with a cement component and an aggregate component that are mixed with a chemical agent and the like in water. This provides the cement-based material in a flowable state that can be controllably set over time.

Abstract: A cementitious product and method of modifying the properties of a low or medium density FRC product by providing a predetermined pore size distribution. The pore size distribution is obtained such that in critical zones of the distribution, the pore volume is substantially equivalent to or less than the pore volume in a respective critical zone of a conventional high density FRC product. The resultant material provides improved properties over conventional medium density FRC products, in particular improved freeze/thaw durability and/or improved workability.

Abstract: A foaming agent solution, cement material and concrete replacement product are described which include blood hydrolysates. The blood hydrolysates may be present in the foaming agent solution in the range 5-30% by volume of the solution.

Abstract: A process for making a pervious concrete comprising a geopolymerized pozzolanic ash. Generally, the process includes mixing a solid aggregate and a geopolymerized pozzolanic ash binder together to form a pervious concrete mixture. Some examples of suitable aggregates comprise recycled carpet, recycled cement, and aggregates of coal-combustion byproducts. The geopolymerized pozzolanic ash binder is made by combining a pozzolanic ash, such as fly ash, with a sufficient amount of an alkaline activator and water to initiate a geopolymerization reaction. The activator solution may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof. In some aspects, the final concrete forms a solid mass in the form of pavement or a pre-cast concrete shape. The solid mass of concrete may have a void content of between about 5% and about 35%.

Abstract: Of the many compositions provided herein, an embodiment includes a foamed cement composition comprising a cementitious component, an oil-swellable particle comprising at least one swellable elastomer selected from the group consisting of acrylate butadiene rubber, polyacrylate rubber, isoprene rubber, choloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, brominated butyl rubber, chlorinated butyl rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, neoprene rubber, styrene butadiene block copolymer, sulphonated polyethylene, ethylene acrylate rubber, epichlorohydrin ethylene oxide copolymer, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, fluorosilicone rubber, silicone rubber, and combinations thereof, a foaming and stabilizing surfactant, gas, and water. Another embodiment includes a foamed cement composition comprising a cementitious component, an oil-swellable particle comprising a block copolymer of styrene butadiene rubber, a foaming and stabilizing surfactant, and gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to gypsum mortar with expanded vermiculite added with citric acid and tartaric acid and to the method for obtaining same, containing the following elements in the following proportions: between 40% and 70% calcium sulphate; between 40% and 70% laminated expanded vermiculite; between 0.05% and 0.3% citric acid; between 0.05% and 1% tartaric acid; between 0.01% and 0.5% sodium or potassium citrate; and water q.s.p. 1000 ml, in which, for surface coating, the added vermiculite is obtained following treatment in a vertical furnace, which provides improved grain size and sheets of exfoliated vermiculite without water or air, and the mortar is provided with citric acid and tartaric acid, copper sulphate and sodium or potassium scitrate, with the water being added before the mixture is produced.

Abstract: A silica cement blend having an insulating, fire retarding and high temperature characteristic capable of withstanding temperatures ranging from ambient to greater than 40000 F without degradation of the concrete structure. In addition to its high temperature capabilities the blend can be produced as ultra light weight to heavy weight concrete. The silica based mixture when added to cementitious materials such as Portland cement, Class C Fly Ash, silica fume and other cementitious materials. Presented also are methods for reducing fire damage by coating interior/exterior walls, ceiling, and roofs of a building with a water based latex coating containing a fire retardant material and low heat conductivity silicas. Methods for painting internal/external walls, ceilings, and roof are also presented.

Abstract: A lightweight cementitious composition containing from 22 to 90 volume percent of a cement composition and from 10 to 78 volume percent of particles having an average particle diameter of from 0.2 mm to 8 mm, a bulk density of from 0.03 g/cc to 0.64 g/cc, an aspect ratio of from 1 to 3, where after the lightweight cementitious composition is set it has a compressive strength of at least 1700 psi as tested according to ASTM C39. The cementitious composition can be used to make concrete masonry units, construction panels, road beds and other articles and can be included as a layer on wall panels and floor panels and can be used in insulated concrete forms. Aspects of the lightweight cementitious composition can be used to make lightweight structural units.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a refractory aggregate composition comprising an improved calcium aluminate clinker having the formula CnAx wherein C is calcium oxide and A is aluminum oxide, wherein n is an integer from about 1 to about 12, wherein x is an integer from about 1 to about 24, and wherein said clinker has from zero to less than about fifty weight percent C12A7. Analogs, derivatives and hydrates of the improved calcium aluminate clinker are provided. A refractory composition and a sprayable refractory composition are disclosed comprising the improved calcium aluminate clinker. A method for improving the insulating character and/or penetration resistance of a liner in contact with molten aluminum in an aluminum manufacturing process or during aluminum transport is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides geopolymeric compositions intended for use in carbon dioxide injection or production wells or storage reservoirs and preferably in a supercritical carbon dioxide conditions. The geopolymeric composition is formed from a suspension comprising an aluminosilicate source, a metal silicate, an alkali activator, a retarder and/or an accelerator and a carrier fluid wherein the oxide molar ratio M2O/SiO2 is greater than 0.20 with M an alkali metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbon aerogels with particle sizes less than 1 ?m, The carbon aerogels are prepared by (A) reating a mono- and/or polyhydroxybenzene, an aldehyde and a catalyst in a reactor at a reaction temperature T in the range from 75-200° C. at a pressure of 80-2400 kPa, (B) then spraying the reaction mixture from process step (A) into an acid, to drying the resulting product from process step (B) and (D) carbonizing it. The carbon aerogels according to the invention can be used as filler, reinforcing filler, UV stabilizer, electrode material, sound absorbents, thermal insulating material, catalyst, catalyst support, conductivity additive, absorbent for as and/or liquid preparation or pigment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to acid-soluble cement compositions that comprise cement kiln dust (“CKD”) and/or a natural pozzolan and associated methods of use. An embodiment includes a method of cementing comprising: placing an acid-soluble cement composition in a subterranean formation, wherein the acid-soluble cement composition comprises a hydraulic cement, a component selected from the group consisting of CKD, pumicite, and a combination thereof, and water; allowing the acid-soluble cement composition to set; and contacting the set acid-soluble cement composition with an acid to dissolve the set acid-soluble cement composition.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a weight-saved foamed gypsum board having a gypsum core with high strength and excellent adhesion properties of the gypsum core with base papers for gypsum board, which method is capable of adjusting the sizes of pores in a gypsum core of a weight-saved gypsum board product into a desired range in a short time and at a low cost, even if the kinds and the compounding ratios of gypsum raw materials vary.

Abstract: This invention relates to a formulation with the addition of low density additives of volcanic ash, hollow ceramic microspheres or a combination of microspheres and volcanic ash or other low density additives into cementitious cellulose fiber reinforced building materials. This formulation is advantageously lightweight or low density compared as compared to current fiber cement products without the increased moisture expansion and freeze-thaw degradation usually associated with the addition of lightweight inorganic materials to fiber cement mixes. The low density additives also give the material improved thermal dimensional stability.