Abstract: Burner for particulate fuel, above all pellets such as bio-pellets, comprising a chute (10) having a longitudinal axis (11), the chute having a generally horizontally oriented longitudinal axis and having an inner wall of an essentially cup-shapedly upwardly open cross-section shape, a feeding device (30-34) for feeding a bed (20) of the particulate matter in and along the chute (10), and a device (40) for supply of primary air to the bed (20) in the chute (10), characterized in that the primary air supply device (40) is arranged to, without contact, direct primary air from above toward the free top-side of the bed (20) in the chute.

Abstract: A boiler for combustion of solid fuel, especially biomass, a first combustion stage with a primary air supply, an igniter, a fuel supply, a second combustion stage a burn-up and calcination space, a combustion chamber which is upwardly open and with a flue, the burn-up and calcination space being located underneath the combustion site such that fuel can be moved from the combustion site of the first combustion stage into the burn-up and calcination space. The primary air supply is located within the combustion chamber above the combustion site such that air can be blown into the first combustion stage, flue gases which form in the burn-up and calcination space are routed essentially passed the primary air supply means and the combustion site so that the flue gases of the second combustion stage do not adversely affect the combustion of the fuel at the combustion site.

Abstract: Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.

Abstract: A method for handling a substance from which a combustible gas volatilizes. A method for handling a substance from which a combustible gas volatilizes, in which, when such substance is handled inside an apparatus with a high degree of hermeticity, air is introduced into the apparatus and the substance is handled in a state in which the volatilized combustible gas is diluted to a concentration at which neither explosion nor fire occurs. With this method for handling a substance from which a combustible gas volatilizes, the combustible gas is diluted with air to a concentration at which neither explosion nor fire occurs, without using inactive gases such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide that have to be produced or purchased. Therefore, a substance from which a combustible gas volatilizes can be inexpensively and safely handled in operations such as mixing and storing.

Abstract: A recycling furnace and method are provided for processing potentially explosive precious metal-containing materials having organic fractions that combust with great energy, the furnace including a switching facility for alternating operation of a burning-off chamber of the furnace between: (A) pyrolysis or carbonization under protective furnace gas in an atmosphere comprising maximally 6 wt-% oxygen, and (B) oxidative combustion of the organic fractions including carbon. The furnace has indirect heating and a control that determines the end of the pyrolysis or carbonization by a sensor and controls the switching facility to supply air or oxygen to the interior of the furnace. Steps (A) and (B) are carried out sequentially in the furnace chamber, wherein neither the batch is changed, nor the furnace is opened. After the end of step (A) is determined, step (B) proceeds right after the pyrolysis or carbonization by supplying air or oxygen.

Abstract: An integrated biomass converter system capable of converting gasifiable material into a combustible fuel (fuel gas). The system includes elements to convert raw gasifiable material into unprocessed fuel and by a single chamber, down-draft gasifier furnace convert )process) the unprocessed fuel to yield fuel gas. The system includes means to incorporate additional gasifiable materials into the gasifier furnace, or optionally to incorporate material into the unprocessed fuel. The gasifier furnace includes a top closure unit with means to uniformly distribute unprocessed fuel in the furnace and surface treatment means to ensure uniformity of air distribution in the gasification layer and provide means to introduce supplemental gasifiable materials directly into the gasification zone.

Abstract: The gasifier includes a furnace bed segmented into individual cells, each cell is independently monitored using a ramp temperature probe, and provided with controlled air injection to provide individually controlled burn regions within the gasifier. Gasifier air injection includes tuyere arrays, lances, or both.

Abstract: Apparatus (2) for the pyrolysis of material, which apparatus (2) comprises a pyrolysis chamber (4), an inlet (6) at a first end (8) of the pyrolysis chamber (4), an outlet (10) at a second end (12) of the pyrolisis chamber (4), and feed means (14) for feeding the material through the pyrolysis chamber (4), the feed means (14) comprising a cranked member (16), at least one elongate member (18) which extends along the pyrolysis chamber (4) between the inlet (6) and the outlet (10) and which has a first end (20) adjacet the (6) inlet and a second end (22) adjacent the outlet (10), a feed formation connected to the first end (20) of the elongate member (18), and connector means (24) which connects the send end (22) of the elongate member (18) to the cranked member (16), and the feed means (14) being such that rotation of the cranked member (16) causes the elongate member (18) to move backwards and forwards and the feed formation to move the material from the inlet (6) towards the outlet (10).

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for feeding pulverized coal to a furnace, such as a drop tube furnace. The feeding system consists of a feed hopper, a pneumatic vibrator positioned on the periphery of the feeder hopper, a needle valve arrangement in the said feed hopper, a depth gauge micrometer, a distribution chamber with primary and secondary airline at the bottom of the said feed hopper. Adjusting the pressure of compressed air allows setting of the frequency of vibration of the pneumatic vibrator. The needle valve arrangement in conjunction with the vibratory hopper controls the feed rate. The rate of coal flow is measured by the depth gauge micrometer. The distribution chamber with primary and secondary airline at the bottom of the said feed hopper allows uniform mixing of air with coal before being charged into the furnace reactor.

Abstract: A drum transport device is disclosed which includes a plate, a first and a second pair of connected and vertically spaced horizontal bars a pair on opposite sides of the row of drums. Each bar has an end which is connected to the plate. The device includes middle horizontal bars, a first between the first pair of horizontal bars and a second between the second pair. The middle horizontal bars move in unison with one another and to move relative to the first and second pair bars. The device also includes a plurality of vertically oriented hinge doors, pivotably connected to the horizontal bars. Tie rods are pivotably connected to both the hinge doors and a corresponding middle horizontal bar, such that when a middle bar is moved relative the pairs of horizontal bars, the hinge doors swing to a position substantially parallel to or substantially parallel to the bars.

Abstract: A grate furnace with a grate (4) consisting of grate steps (15, 16, 17) composed [lacuna] grate elements lying next to one another, of which grate steps in each case every second grate step (15, 17) in the longitudinal direction of the grate can be driven for carrying out stoking movements and the grate steps (17) in each case lying therebetween can be fixed, has drive devices (18) under the grate, which are in each case arranged in housing chambers (25) and are in this way protected against impairment caused by material falling through the grate. A certain longitudinal section (36) of each of these housing chambers (25) is only partially enclosed and sealed by the under-grate blast chambers (7) and is thus open (37) toward the bottom, so that it is accessible even while the grate furnace is operating.

Abstract: In one aspect, a grate segment for a burner, comprises a substantially rigid body (30) having a dispersed array of cavities (38) filled with a refractory material. In another aspect, a solid fuel gasifier includes a housing (12) defining a gasifier chamber (14), and a solid fuel inlet (21), grate structure (22, 24) in the gasifier chamber. The grate structure includes base means, a plurality of agitator segments (32) positioned relative to the base means for reciprocating movement to agitate a fuel load in the gasifier, and means to support the base means and the agitator segments so that the latter reciprocate in a direction at a substantial inclination to both horizontal and vertical. In use of the gasifier a deep burden of fuel accumulates on the grate structure and the outward stroke of the reciprocation of the agitator elements is in the overall direction of flow of the fuel burden or generally oppositely thereto.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for completely destroying documents having been shredded by document shredders, wherein the system comprises: collecting means for shredded documents, burning means being arranged together with collecting means, and the burning means having a burning chamber for burning the shredded documents. The burning chamber has an outlet with a filter unit and an air exhaust for remains of shredded documents that have been burnt.

Abstract: The chute is provided with a cutting apparatus which has a mating holder, a clamping slide and a cutting slide. To close the chute, the mating holder is moved inward approximately into the center of the chute and is locked. Then, the clamping slide is moved toward the mating holder, until ultimately they come into contact with one another and the chute is closed. If there is refuse between the mating holder and the clamping slide, and consequently the latter cannot reach its closed position, the cutting slide is activated, which cuts through the refuse clamped between the mating holder and clamping slide and bridges the gap between the mating holder and the clamping slide so as to form a seal.

Abstract: A combustion furnace for solid fuel, including combustable fuel, wherein the furnace is arranged with a grate (11) with openings (12) which are situated for supply of air or another gas mixture for combustion. A first and second rod feeder (1, 2) is provided which includes parallel bars (3a, 3b; 4a, 4b) with intermediate carriers (5, 6). The rod feeders (1, 2) are arranged to be moved back and forth on the grate (11), independently of each other. The openings (12) are surrounded by spacers (13) carrying rails (14) in such a way that slots (15) are formed between the spacers (13) and the rails (14), so that the air has a direction out onto the grate (11) which is parallel with the rail (11).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for heat-treating carbon fiber, in which impairment of a furnace caused by solidification of a transition metal impurity serving as a catalyst raw material is prevented, and the amount of the metal, such as Fe, Co, or Ni, contained in the carbon fiber is reduced. In the present invention, a vaporized metal impurity is contained in an inert gas that is passed through a furnace, and the gas is discharged from a high-temperature section of the furnace. The impurity contained in the gas discharged from the furnace is cooled to solidify, and then recovered. The resultant gas is recycled as an inert gas in the furnace.

Abstract: A compression device for feeding a waste material to a reactor includes a waste material feed assembly having a hopper, a supply tube and a compression tube. Each of the supply and compression tubes includes feed-inlet and feed-outlet ends. A feed-discharge valve assembly is located between the feed-outlet end of the compression tube and the reactor. A feed auger-screw extends axially in the supply tube between the feed-inlet and feed-outlet ends thereof. A compression auger-screw extends axially in the compression tube between the feed-inlet and feed-outlet ends thereof. The compression tube is sloped downwardly towards the reactor to drain fluid from the waste material to the reactor and is oriented at generally right angle to the supply tube such that the feed-outlet end of the supply tube is adjacent to the feed-inlet end of the compression tube.

Abstract: A method for automatized combustion of solid fuel in a combustion apparatus which comprises a burner with a device, which is rotatable about the center axis of the burner for stirring the fuel in the burner which is connected to a boiler and has a feeding-in opening for fuel in the rear end of the burner outside of the boiler and an outlet opening for completely or partly combusted flue gases in the front end of the burner which opens in a combustion chamber inside the boiler which comprises a convection unit, from which a hot water conduit extends, the combustion apparatus also including a fan provided to be driven by a second motor for blowing combustion air into the burner, and a fuel charge feeder for fuel provided to be driven by a third motor.

Abstract: A feed chute apparatus for injecting fuel into a rotating cement kiln by gravity. The apparatus, which is positioned adjacent to a cement kiln and supported at an angle of inclination sufficient to allow tires or other combustible materials to be gravity fed into the cement kiln, has a feed ramp for guiding the combustible material into the kiln. A gate having a pair of opposing posts is positioned at the end of the feed ramp to control the rate of feed of the combustible material. In the rest position, the posts are extended in relation to the feed ramp to prevent the flow of combustible material. When the kiln rotates to a position where the feed opening in the wall of the kiln is aligned with the feed ramp, the gate retracts to allow the combustible material to be gravity fed into the kiln.

Abstract: A process and system for the recovery of desirable constituent materials from vehicle tire pieces through pyrolysis. The system includes a pyrolysis section that is divided into a plurality of individual heating zones. Each of the heating zones is heated to a distinct operating temperature that is independent from the operating temperature of the remaining heating zones. Vehicle tire pieces are fed into the infeed end of the pyrolysis section by a rotatable feed cylinder that includes a screw-like flight extending from the inner wall of the feed cylinder. As the feed cylinder rotates, the flight directs the supply of vehicle tire pieces into the infeed end of the pyrolysis section. The pyrolysis section includes a rotary kiln that is divided into the plurality of heating zones.

Abstract: A waste tire incinerating and post-treatment system in which waste tires are continuously and efficiently burned. The system includes a waste tire reservoir tank, a hoist, a conveyor system, a tire-size sensing system, an incinerating part, a waste oil purifying part, a waste gas purifying part, and an incineration residual material treating part. Waste tires are accumulated in a waste tire reservoir tank before their incineration. A hoist transfers the waste tires from the waste tank reservoir to a conveyor system. The conveyor system conveys waste tires to an incinerating part. A sensing system senses the size of individual tires on the conveyor system to create tire size data. This size data is used to control and optimize the rate of feeding the waste tires into the incinerating furnace. The incinerating part further includes a material removal mechanism for removing incineration residual materials.

Abstract: A tower garbage incinerator is provided, consisting of an upper main blast furnace having a zigzag furnace cavity, and a lower accessory burning furnace. When garbage is fed through the inlet of the main blast furnace, the zigzag design of the furnace cavity combined with the hot upwardly flowing gas in the blast furnace, causes the garbage to drop slowly and to burn as it drops, as well. The hot gas tumbles the garbage thoroughly, so that caked garbage is completely dispersed, and thereby increases the burning area of the garbage, so as to greatly improve the burning efficiency thereof. Any residual incompletely burned garbage that drops into the accessory burning furnace is burned therein. The accessory burning furnace increases the temperature of gases entering the blast furnace.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooperation with an associated coal burning furnace which includes a Y-shaped distributor body having one inlet and first and second outlets and a splitter disposed in the body for dividing flow between the first and second outlets. The splitter has a generally V-shaped contour and the splitter comprises a base on the housing and a liner assembly mounted on the base. In some forms of the invention the liner assembly has a surface that is harder than the surface of the housing and the housing includes a removable access panel. The access panel may be dimensioned and configured to allow passage of the liner assembly into and out of the housing. The liner assembly may comprise an outer shell having at least some foamed material disposed therein and may include anchoring means disposed in the foamed material.

Abstract: An automatic carbon black discharging device for a waste tire decomposing apparatus including a collecting hopper connected to a carbon black discharging portion of the waste tire decomposing apparatus. The automatic carbon black discharging device also includes a plurality of sensors respectively disposed at vertically equidistantly divided positions of the collecting hopper and adapted to sense maximum, normal and minimum levels of carbon black collected in the collecting hopper, thereby stopping or driving a drive motor for driving a feeding screw included in the waste tire decomposing apparatus. The carbon black is left in the collecting hopper in a minimum amount provide a sealing effect which prevents external air from entering into the device. When the amount of carbon black collected in the collecting hopper corresponds to the maximum level of the collecting hopper, the driving motor is controlled to increase its rotating speed, thereby increasing the discharge rate of carbon black.

Abstract: A hearth particle bed incineration furnace is provided in which the hearth particles form a sloped layer bed which moves in the incinerating furnace without being fluidized. The furnace is structured so that the combustion gas is prevented from flowing upward through the inlet for the materials to be incinerated. The structure for preventing the backflow of the combustion gas includes a sidewall which is connected to the incinerated materials inlet, baffles and a member which restrains the upward backflow of combustion exhaust gas. This restraining member is made up of an air intake opening and the air introduced therein is heated through heat exchange with a combustion gas and introduced into the combustion chamber. This allows the amount of air to be introduced in the combustion chamber to be increased and the backflow of combustion exhaust gas to be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A low-pollutant system for waste materials treatment includes a process chamber for converting organic components of the waste materials into a flammable gas and a two-stage vortex burning chamber for complete combustion of the flammable gas. The vortex burning chamber includes a first substantially-horizontal combustion chamber and a second substantially-vertical combustion chamber disposed at a right angle to each other and communicating therebetween. The first combustion chamber has an inlet portion for receiving the flammable combustion gas from the gas generator means for injecting primary air into the first combustion chamber, thereby forming a mixture of air and the flammable gas and thereby igniting the mixture for partial oxidation thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for environmentally sound usage of combustible solid waste in operating rotary cement kilns. A cement kiln is modified to contain a port in the rotary cylinder for delivery of combustible solid waste into the kiln for burning in contact with calcining mineral material. The port is provided with a closure and means for moving the closure between a port-opened and port-closed position at predetermined times during rotation of the kiln cylinder. The invention allows efficient use of solid waste as supplemental fuel in the cement manufacturing process.

Abstract: A furnace apparatus which includes a plurality of water walls. Each includes a plurality of tubes and the water walls collectively enclose a combustion chamber. The apparatus includes a plurality of windboxes, each of the windboxes is disposed intermediate adjacent water walls. A pulverizer and ducting to direct the flow of pulverized coal to the windboxes is also a part of the apparatus in accordance with the invention as is a bisector regenerative air heater having a rotor a housing having a generally cylindrical cavity in which a drum shaped rotor having heat transfer surfaces thereon is mounted for rotation on a shaft. The heater includes ducting for directing flue gas and forced draft air respectively into first and second angular sectors of the cavity which at any one instant will flow over respective angular sectors of the rotor. The rotor is heated during the travel of any portion thereof in the first angular sector and is cooled in the second angular sector.

Abstract: A static mixer device for mixing separate fluid streams entering the device in order to achieve a more uniform, or homogeneous, characteristic, such as temperature for example, in the resulting fluid mixture stream exiting the device. An exemplary embodiment of device comprises a series of parallel rectangular walls arranged in side-by-side, spaced apart relationship to form a series of rectangular spaces. The perimeters of these spaces are selectively closed to define respective first and second inlets and an outlet. The inlets sub-divide the respective entering fluid streams into sheet-like streams that are interleaved as they exit the device at the outlet. This interleaving of one stream with the other promotes increased homogeneity of the mixture stream in a shorter distance downstream of the confluence of the entrance streams.

Abstract: A wood pellet stove comprising a body, a burning means, a heat exchanger means, a waste gas exhaust means, a feeding means, a cleaning means and a control system. The burning means includes a seat member, a container, a bottom member, a top member, two first pillars, two second pillars and a inlet pipe. The cleaning means includes three scrape member. Each of scrape member includes a scrape plate, a pipe, a rod and a hoop element.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering material to the interior of a kiln to be burned therein which includes a feeding mechanism which rotates with the kiln within a stationary transfer means or drum, means for delivering material to be burned to the interior of the transfer drum, said feeding mechanism including means for collecting material from the transfer drum as it rotates and said feeding mechanism including means for compressing, shredding in some applications and delivering the material to the interior of the kiln.

Abstract: An oscillating damper and air-swept distributor is disclosed for controllably introducing solid fuel into a furnace. The oscillating damper having an oscillating valve member, which oscillates between a first adjustable position and second adjustable position. The air-swept distributor preferably has a pivotably adjustable trajectory plate.

Abstract: An induction furnace (1) for melting and casting purposes has a closed crucible pot (2) with a pot bottom (3) and a cover (4), a crucible (6) housed in the crucible pot and surrounded by an induction coil (7), and an ascending tube (9) reaching into the crucible, through which the crucible can be emptied into a casting apparatus by means of gas pressure. To permit continuous operation and measurements and analyses during operation, the ascending tube (9) is fastened exclusively to the pot bottom (3) and connected with a horizontal delivery tube (11) which is brought through a side wall of the pot bottom (3). Furthermore, above a separation seam (24) between pot bottom (3) and cover (4) a turret (39) with a vertical axis of rotation is disposed, which has a charging air lock (26) for charging the crucible (6) with melt material (27) and a measuring chamber (36). The charging air lock and measuring chamber can be connected alternately with an air lock valve (25) which is disposed on the top of the cover (4).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for feeding solid material into a pressurized combustion or gasification plant in stages. The feed apparatus (10) is provided with an inlet (18), sluice chamber (30), and outlet (20). In a loading stage, solid material is conveyed through the inlet into the sluice chamber. The loaded sluice chamber is transferred to an unloading stage. During the transfer stage, the inlet (18) is closed. During the unloading stage, solid material is conveyed through the outlet (20) into a pressurized space (26). The volume of the sluice chamber (30) is adjustable so that the volume is enlarged during the loading stage and reduced during the unloading stage. The volume is adjusted e.g. by a piston (38).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a rotary grate for a solid fuel fired furnace which allows ash, cinders and clinkers to be removed from the burning fuel mass, without reducing or stopping the combustion process. A plurality of parallel water cooled rolls supports the burning fuel mass. The rolls are grouped into pairs of rolls, each pair of rolls having a drive roll and a driven roll. Each pair of rolls are geared together such that rotation of the drive roll simultaneously rotates the driven roll. Each roll has a plurality of protrusions about the circumference thereof, spaced down the length of the roll. The protrusions pass, during rotation of the rolls, the protrusions on adjacent rolls in non-contacting relationship to crush any cinders, clinkers or other tramp material. This action allows ash and the crushed material to pass between the rolls to an ash collection area beneath the rolls. Each of the drive rolls are rotated by a reversible drive mechanism which incrementally rotates the rolls.

Abstract: A process for reinjecting flown-off particles into a solid fuel fire box of a boiler or furnace of the "projector with back grid" type, in which particulate fuel is projected from a fuel source adjacent a first zone to a grid, with the fuel burned along its trajectory from the first zone to a second zone on the grid. Means are provided for separately collecting both large and small fuel particles thrown off during combustion along the trajectory to the grid, and reinjecting the collected particles with the fine particles continuously reinjected at a rate approximately proportional to the boiler load at said second zone by means of a particle conveying air stream.

Abstract: An apparatus for feeding a combustor with viscous bulk material, particularly coal slurry, comprises two silos which are associated with at least one conveyor system, for transporting the bulk material from the silos to a plurality of fuel-feeders in the combustor. Advantageously, two conveyor systems are linked with each other so that bulk material can be distributed uniformly either from both silos or from one of the silos to all the fuel-feeders of the combustor.

Abstract: An apparatus for reinjecting flown-off particles into a solid fuel fire box of a boiler or furnace of the "projector with back grid" type, in which particulate fuel is projected from a fuel source adjacent a first zone to a grid, with the fuel burned along its trajectory from the first zone to a second zone on the grid. Means are provided for separately collecting both large and small fuel particles thrown off during combustion along the trajectory to the grid, and reinjecting the collected particles with the fine particles continuously reinjected at a rate approximately proportional to the boiler load at said second zone by means of a particle conveying air stream.

Abstract: A compact incinerator for biomass has an upright combustion chamber coaxially surrounded by a passage through which the biomass is fed from a separator in which the primary air is separated from the biomass, to the combustion chamber. An afterburner chamber surrounds this shaft so that flue gases from the combustion chamber can pass through the shaft and be filtered by the biomass while heating the biomass before afterburning is effected in the afterburner chamber. The primary air from the separator is preheated in a preheater in indirect heating exchange by the flue gas in the same coaxial apparatus which also includes, coaxially with the combustion chamber, a flue gas/solids separator for removing solids from the flue gas before it enters the preheater.

Abstract: A particulate material fired convection heating unit including a combustion chamber, a shaped flue duct, and a fan means to draw therefrom gases and draw them through at least one convector pipe before the flue gases return and pass to a flue to be allowed to escape to atmosphere. The firebox has in association therewith a duct through which the flue gases are drawn to a free standing convector unit in which the convector pipes are situated and around which ambient air circulates to be heated to thereby heat an area in which the convector unit is situated. In an industrial, horticultural and agricultural situation the heating unit can be associated with a firebox of a particulate coal, wood, woodwaste or oil fired boiler or burner. The free standing convector unit thereof can be sited in a glasshouse or factory so that heat convected therefrom heats the ambient air in which the convector unit is sited.

Abstract: A method for discharging heavy oil treated particulate coal and controlling emissions from a heavy oil spray contacting vessel is disclosed. In particular, a bed of heavy oil treated coal is maintained in the lower portion of the oil spray contacting vessel. The heavy oil treated coal is withdrawn from the bottom of the bed while maintaining the bed at a sufficient depth to remove a major portion of the heavy oil mist from gaseous materials within the vessel. A major portion of gaseous materials are made to pass downwardly through the bed.

Abstract: A furnace (10) in which bark or other cellulosic fuel (64) is burned on a traveling grate (24). Char (62) separated (48, 54) from the furnace exhaust gases is reinjected into the furnace beneath baffle plate (40) in such a manner that the raw bark (64) being introduced onto the grate forms a protective cover over the char (62) thus preventing the relatively light char particles from becoming reentrained in the gases before they are completely combusted.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner comprises a system which permits solid fuel to be injected into a burner chamber and intermixed in an air suspension. The burner includes a cast iron, stepped grate that is self-cleaning, and comprises a series of plates that are substantially horizontal and are vertically spaced apart to form steps. Air is introduced under the stepped plates and the air blows out into the combustion chamber through the spaces between the plates to aid in combustion and cause turbulence in the fuel introduced. The burner further includes a "pin hole" grate adjacent the stepped grate on which lighter materials will fall and will be also subject to an air stream for complete combustion, and efficient burning.

Abstract: This invention is a non-fossil fuel fired hot water system which allows a large amount of water or other liquid to be raised to a relatively high temperature, but below the boiling point, in a relatively short period of time. Due to a unique air circulation system, extremely high temperatures of the combustible material can be obtained with secondary burning eliminating all visible particulate material from the exhaust stack of the system. The unique firebox itself is disposed such that it is surrounded by water on all sides including the access closures for said firebox.

Abstract: A furnace (10) in which coal and cellulose fuel can both be burned on the same traveling grate (24). First means (36) are provided for introducing coal onto the grate at one end (38), such that it traverses the full grate run before it falls as ash from the other end (56) of the grate. Second means (48, 52) are provided for introducing cellulose fuel onto the grate at a central or middle location (54). Adjustable means (49, 50) are provided for varying the point at which the cellulose fuel is introduced onto the grate. If cellulose fuel having a relatively slow burning rate is being combusted, the adjustable means are set so as to introduce the fuel at a point on the grate further away from the discharge end. If cellulose fuel having a relatively fast burning rate is being combusted, the adjustable means are set so as to introduce the fuel at a point on the grate closer to the discharge end.

Abstract: Apparatus constructed to burn solid fuel within a firebox. The apparatus includes a burner having a receptacle and a jacket forming an air chamber about the receptacle. An air-supply conduit and a fuel conduit disposed concentrically therein are adapted to extend into the firebox. The burner is detachably mounted on the two conduits in cantilever fashion within the firebox, to communicate the air and fuel conduits with the jacket and the lower interior portion of the receptacle, respectively. Forced air supplied to the air chamber through the tube is vented into the upper region of the receptacle, to support combustion of fuel supplied to the receptacle through the fuel conduit.

Abstract: In an automatic boiler having an internal hopper, a regulator plate 12 controls the flow under gravity of fuel to the firebed. For small particled fuel in particular the plate is provided with a torque 23 which causes a central thinning of the firebed. Thus, a centrally disposed shallow firebed is formed so that primary air can rapidly break through at this point to burn off volatile gases as they are distilled and cause ignition over the whole firebed.

Abstract: Apparatus constructed to burn solid fuel within a firebox. The apparatus includes a burner having a receptacle and a jacket forming an air chamber about the receptacle. A fuel-feed conduit and an air-supply tube mounted adjacent the conduit for exchanging heat therewith are adapted to extend into the firebox. The burner is detachably mounted on the conduit and tube, in cantilever fashion within the firebox, through a port communicating with the air chamber and a duct communicating with the lower interior portion of the receptacle, respectively. Forced air supplied to the air chamber through the tube is vented into the upper region of the receptacle to support combustion of fuel supplied to the receptacle through the conduit and duct. The jacket's upper side wall inclines outwardly on progressing downwardly from the receptacle's upper opening to divert spill-over ash and clinker material away from the receptacle.

Abstract: A furnace for consuming solid fuel, wherein a horizontal or slanting feeding plane is used to feed fuel into the fire chamber. The feeding plane is attached to a vertical or nearly vertical channel surface, against which the fuel is pressed either with special feeding apparatus or by utilizing the force of gravity. Primary air is led into the lower part of a channel surface after which it rises further upwards along passages formed between the channel surface and the layer of fuel. Secondary air openings are provided on the upper part of the channel surface so that secondary air can be led up from behind the channel surface and through the channel surface onto its front side.

Abstract: A control system for a starved-air combustor wherein a combustion chamber is divided into a plurality of combustion chamber zones with separate overfire and underfire airflows being individually provided for each zone. Fuel is fed to the combustor in selectable constant weight batches and the supply of underfire air is proportional to the rate at which an auger rotates to convey the fuel through the combustor. Overfire air is supplied to each combustion zone in an inverse relationship to the variance of a sensed temperature within the zone from a predetermined temperature.