Abstract: Solid shape retaining bodies of solder containing flux are manufactured by mixing a predetermined quantity of solder in a dry particulate form with a predetermined quantity of a complimentary solder flux in dry particulate form to form a homogeneous mixture and then compressing a quantity of the homogeneous mixture to form a solid body having a predetermined shape. The solderable body which is produced is in the form of a solid shape retaining body which comprises a homogeneous mixture of solder particles and flux particles. A solder joint is formed by locating the solid preformed body at an interface and heating the body to effect soldering of the solderable components at the interface.

Abstract: A heat exchanger and a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger by brazing metal members mainly made of Al or Al alloy is disclosed. The heat exchanger has a plurality of brazed metal members, at least one of the brazed metal members being made of brazing sheet clad with a brazing material. The brazed portions of the metal members or the whole surface of the heat exchanger are coated with a corrosion-resistant fluoride flux consisting essentially of 25-40% KF, 38-54% AlF3 and 3-30% ZnF2 by weight which forms a corrosion-inhibiting metallic film.

Abstract: A refractory article for casting of liquid melts, especially steel, fabricated from a mixture of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, graphite, a flux component, a synthetic resin binder and a metallic powder. The flux component contains a first flux with a melting point from 550.degree. to 900.degree. C. and a second flux that becomes active in the mixture in a temperature ranging from 1350.degree. and 1550.degree. C. The refractory article need not be heated before use, and the carbon contained therein, which determines the strength of the article, is retained for a much longer period during use, so that the article will have a long service life.

Abstract: A brazing method is disclosed which provides superior strength in the brazed joint formed. The brazed structure is subjected to a heat treatment after brazing, which improves the strength of the joint even if Magnesium compounds are employed.

Abstract: A method for directly fabricating weld wire utilizing powder metallurgy techniques. Nickel containing powder, mixed into a slurry, is continuously extruded in an auger-type extrusion press into rod. The rod is consolidated to densities greater than about 91% theoretical density for subsequent rough handling.

Abstract: There is provided an inorganic salt-free, anhydrous, noncorrosive powdered solder metal paste and vehicle therefor which vehicle is characterized by the presence therein of a nonaqueous resinous binder and a nonaqueous organic liquid composition having a surface tension or surface energy of from 43 to 65 dynes/cm. and higher at 20.degree. C. When powdered solder metal or powdered solder metal alloy is distributed in such a vehicle in an amount sufficient to form a paste, a deposit will not undergo hot slump at elevated temperatures. The pastes and vehicles are free of inorganic metal salts.

Abstract: A weldable sealant composition is made by adding ferrous metal particles to a sealant having a viscosity of at least 6 million centipoises. The sealant composition is placed between two metal plates and permits resistance welding, i.e. spot welding, to take place.

Abstract: There is provided an inorganic salt-free, anhydrous, noncorrosive powdered solder metal paste and vehicle therefor which vehicle is characterized by the presence therein of a flux and a nonaqueous organic liquid having a surface tension or surface energy of from 43 to 65 dynes/cm. and higher at 20.degree. C. When powdered solder metal or powdered solder metal alloy is distributed in such a vehicle in an amount sufficient to form a paste, a deposit will not undergo hot slump at elevated temperatures. The pastes and vehicles are free of inorganic metal salts.

Abstract: A welding flux binder is provided which comprises an alkali-alkaline earth silicate hydrolyzed and polymerized from tetraalkylorthosilicate, Si(OR).sub.4, wherein R is --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, or --C.sub.3 H.sub.7, and alkali and alkaline earth salts. The reaction product of the tetraalkylorthosilicate and metal salts, M.sub.2 O.M'O.SiO.sub.2, where M is potassium, sodium or lithium, and M' is magnesium, calcium or barium, has several advantages as a welding flux binder. For example, it is not hygroscopic and can be prepared at low temperatures since the alkali ions lower the melting point for viscous sintering of the gel phase. Because of the low temperature processing, a wide variety of solid additives with low thermal stability, such as some metals, carbonates, and fluorides, can be incorporated into the flux. Other dopants may also be readily incorporated into the binder during the gel phase.

Abstract: There is provided a nonaqueous powdered metal paste composition and a vehicle therefor, characterized by resistance to slumping upon heating to the fusion point of the metal, fusion point being above 500.degree. C., including the powdered metal, and an organic material having a surface tension of from 43 to 65 or higher dynes/cm. at 20.degree. C.

Abstract: Filler compositions based on manganese and manganese-nickel for the welding of cast iron are disclosed. The filler compositions contain about 15 to 50% manganese and 10 to 35% nickel. The filler compositions may be incorporated into a welding rod or a flux.

Abstract: The soldering flux of this invention containing a chemical reaction product precipitated when at least one member selected from normally liquid brominated aliphatic hydrocarbons is mixed with at least one member selected from the group consisting of normally liquid amino group-containing aromatic hydrocarbons and normally liquid amino group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons can not only solder stainless steel or nickel-chromium alloys whose soldering has heretofore been thought impossible, but also does not corrode the soldered metallic material after soldering, has a higher electric insulation resistivity necessary for the soldered areas of parts of electronic and electric devices and appliances, markedly reduces defects due to poor soldering, and can secure a high reliability of soldered joints as compared with conventional fluxes.

Abstract: Novel solder composition or solder cream, particularly adapted for high speed soldering of components in electronic circuits, whereby movement of components is avoided and essentially no solder balls are formed, comprising between 10 and 14% of a vehicle and between 86 and 90% of solder metal dispersed in the vehicle, preferably employing solder metal of particle size ranging from about 40 to about 70 microns, and utilizing as solvent in the vehicle a low volatile high molecular weight alcohol, preferably a primary aliphatic monoalcohol containing about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, e.g., cetyl alcohol, in an amount of about 10 to about 50% by weight of the vehicle.

Abstract: Copper alloy solders are disclosed which contain 0.5 to 20% by weight of cobalt. The copper and cobalt may be arranged in heterogeneous phases.

Abstract: A welding flux binder is provided which comprises an alkali-alkaline earth silicate hydrolyzed and polymerized from tetraalkylorthosilicate, Si(OR).sub.4, wherein R is --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, or --C.sub.3 H.sub.7, and alkali and alkaline earth salts. The reaction product of the tetraalkylorthosilicate and metal salts, M.sub.2 O.M'O.SiO.sub.2, where M is potassium, sodium or lithium, and M' is magnesium, calcium or barium, has several advantages as a welding flux binder. For example, it is not hygroscopic and can be prepared at low temperatures since the alkali ions lower the melting point for viscous sintering of the gel phase. Because of the low temperature processing, a wide variety of solid additives with low thermal stability, such as some metals, carbonates, and fluorides, can be incorporated into the flux. Other dopants may also be readily incorporated into the binder during the gel phase.

Abstract: Novel solder composition or solder cream, particularly adapted for soldering components in high-density electronic circuits, e.g., fusing electrical components to small pads of the order of 10 mils square or smaller, comprising a narrow range of between 10 and 14% flux-containing vehicle and between 86 and 90% of solder metal, and employing solder metal of particle size ranging from about 0.2 to about 35 microns.

Abstract: A solder flux comprises rosin, an activator, an optional surfactant and the dimer of linoleic acid.

Abstract: A thermoplastic brazing alloy composition contains a particulate brazing alloy and a flux dispersed in a petroleum wax to form a solid suspension at room temperatures. Preferred petroleum waxes are paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax. On application to a workpiece and heating to brazing temperatures, the wax melts and leaves the brazing site and then volatilizes without leaving any carbonaceous residue and without causing any bubbling or blistering. The use of petroleum waxes is particularly useful when the flux contains a reactive material such as fluoroborate, a silicofluoride or an aluminofluoride.

Abstract: A method of attaching semiconductor die to a package substrate and a composition for such die attach is disclosed, which method and composition comprise the combination of a low and a high-melting powder with a vehicle consisting of a solvent and a binder so as to form a thick-film ink. The ink is deposited onto the package substrate and the semiconductor die with a metallized back surface is located in contact with the deposited ink. The package containing the ink and the die is heated to a temperature of approximately 160.degree. C. so as to remove the solvent from the powders and the residual binder. Next, the package is fired at a temperature within the range of approximately 200.degree. C. to 430.degree. C. so as to melt the low-melting powder which bonds the chip to the package substrate. Then, a lid is sealed over the die-receiving cavity of the package by heating the package and the bonded die to a temperature within a range of approximately 400.degree. C. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: A rosin free, water soluble solder flux suitable for use as a fusing fluid in high temperature solder operations has been developed. The novel flux comprises a high molecular weight amine activator, at least one other activator selected from a water soluble organic acid activator and an inorganic acid activator, and a solvent mixture. The acid activators are present in an amount which essentially neutralizes the amine.

Abstract: Organic vehicle systems are described which are used in brazing alloy pastes. A principal feature of the systems is used of non-aqueous solvents to avoid reactions with alloy constituents.

Abstract: An essentially nonaqueous, water-rinsible, readily fusible vehicle for paste of powdered solder is comprised of a dispersion of flux consisting essentially of alkali metal hydroxide in liquid polyol and water soluble, normally solid synthetic wax.

Abstract: A copper alloy welding filler for use in arc welding copper to produce sound welds with good mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity is disclosed. The filler consists essentially of a zirconium-boron copper alloy filler metal wherein the concentration ratio of zirconium to boron is at least about 4 to 1; the minimum concentration of boron is about 300 PPM; and the concentration of zirconium is a maximum of about 6000 PPM. The minimum level of about 300 PPM boron on a weight basis eliminates porosity in the weld; while zirconium below about 6000 PPM is effective to eliminate weld cracking without having a detrimental effect on the electrical conductivity.

Abstract: In a tubular composite electrode for depositing stainless steel or nickel-base alloy weld metal, satisfactory performance in vertical up welding is achieved through the inclusion in the electrode core of a slag mix comprising 15 to 60% weight percent zirconium dioxide.

Abstract: Solder baths for use in the electronics industry are formed by converting into a molten condition a soft solder material in the form of an extruded bar of soft solder alloy having one or more cores composed of (I) esters of polyhydric alcohols of molecular weight of at least 300, (II) ester derivatives of rosin or modified rosin, (III) hydrocarbon resins, and/or (IV) polymeric waxes, so that the resulting solder bath is provided with a layer of anti-oxidant material derived from the cores which assists in preventing formation of oxide impurity on the surface of the molten solder bath and which may also act as a solder flux, thereby obviating the conventional necessity of applying a separate antioxidant material to the surface of the bath and of using a separate solder flux.

Abstract: A soldering flux comprising of rosin, certain acetic acid derivatives, ionic fluorocarbon surfactant, and organic diluent.

Abstract: Basic bonded fluxes for submerged arc welding consisting of a mixture of a slag forming composition, a gas forming composition and metal powders, in which a volume contraction of the weld slag is remarkable in the cooling process after the solidification of the weld slag and the removal of slag in the groove is easy, contain 5 to 20% by weight of BaO, not more than 10% by weight of CaO, 20 to 50% by weight of MgO, 6 to 25% by weight of SiO.sub.2, 3 to 15% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 7 to 18% by weight of CaF.sub.2 as the slag forming composition, a value of basicity shown by a ratio of the basic component and the acidic component being 2.3 to 4.5, the above described contents of BaO, CaO and MgO including amounts corresponding to the values obtained by calculating an amount of carbonates of these metals which are incorporated as the gas forming composition, as oxides and further contain 10 to 60% by weight of metal carbonates as the gas forming composition.

Abstract: An improved brazing alloy paste comprises a brazing alloy powder mixed with a ductile metal spacer powder comprised of spherical particles with a predetermined diameter limit and having a higher melting temperature than that of the alloy, both powders being suspended in a gel-like substance. This composite paste produces a brazed joint having a gap with a controlled width and the ductile metal absorbs stresses developed between dissimilar brazed parts as when a tungsten carbide tool bit and the supporting steel shank cool after they are brazed together. The quantity of spherical spacer powder in the mixture is limited to 1-8% by weight of the mixture, preferably 5%, in order to prevent stacking of the spheres and to insure a gap spacing determined by the diameter of the spheres.

Abstract: A flux-cored welding tubular electrode is provided made of a low-carbon steel strip having confined therein a uniform mixture of alloying ingredients and fluxing compounds in such proportion that substantially the total composition of the welding electrode including the low-carbon steel sheath consists essentially by weight of about 4.5 to 6% B, about 1.5 to 3.2% Mn, about 1.5 to 2.75% Ni, about 1.3 to 2.25% Si, about 0.375 to 1.2% C, about 2 to 6% of flux material compatible with the alloying ingredients, and the balance essentially iron. The composition of the electrode is proportioned such that the weld deposit produced from the electrode consists essentially by weight of about 0.4 to 0.8% C, about 4.8 to 6.2% B, about 1.6 to 3.0% Mn, about 1.6 to 2.8% Ni, about 1.4 to 2.4% Si, and the balance essentially iron.

Abstract: A flux, in the form of a substantially clear solution, having particular utility in soldering battery components, said flux consisting essentially of a water-soluble alkanolamine, a substantially water-insoluble polycarboxylic acid which is partially or fully neutralized by said alkanolamine, and water.

Abstract: A nickel-base welding electrode is provided comprising a nickel core and a metallic powder-laden flux coating bonded thereto, the total composition of the electrode comprising about 40% to 50% by weight of the nickel core and about 60% to 50% by weight of the coating. The coating contains as fluxes about 18% to 30% titanium dioxide, about 8% to 16% calcium fluoride, about 1% to 3% iron carbonate, about 1.5% to 4% calcium carbonate, about 2% to 6% calcium-magnesium carbonate, and contains as the powdered metals about 20% to 30% chromium, about 3% to 8% manganese, about 1% to 4% molybdenum, about 1% to 5% niobium, about 8% to 18% iron, 0% to about 6% nickel, up to 1% graphite, and as extrusion aids about 1% to 4% clay and about 1% to 5% organic extrusion aid material.

Abstract: A process for producing and intermediate layer between a high-melting dental alloy and a dental porcelain which comprises applying to said high-melting dental metal alloy a composition comprising.(a) at least a metal or a metal alloy which is thermally stable at a temperature of at least 800.degree. C.;(b) gold or a gold compound which decomposes to metallic gold, or a gold alloy;(c) at least one flux; and(d) aluminum and/or solver or an aluminum-silver alloy or a silver compound which decomposes two metallic silver, in a liquid vehicle (A) in which component (c) is at least partially soluble, drying the so-treated high-melting dental metal alloy and sintering said composition and thereafter treating the so-sintered composition with a liquid (B) in which the non-metallic components of said composition are at least partially soluble.

Abstract: Solder flux compositions are prepared by forming a dispersion of a flux material in a liquid in which the flux is substantially insoluble. The composition may be applied to a workpiece by brushing, spraying, or as an unstable foam. A method of tinning circuit boards using such flux compositions is also described.

Abstract: Novel solder composition or solder cream, particularly adapted for soldering components in electronic circuitry, comprising finely divided solder metals such as tin and lead, dispersed in a vehicle containing viscosity controlling agents, organic solvents, and a rosin or rosin derivative as a flux. By employing a narrow range of rosin-containing vehicle, that is between 13 and 14%, and between 86 and 87% of solder metal, by weight of the solder composition, and fine particle size solder metal of from 40 to 70 microns, the formation of solder balls is essentially eliminated, thus avoiding the necessity of removing such solder balls.

Abstract: A coated electrode for arc welding, comprising a steel wire core having a flux coating therein, the flux consisting essentially of 6-24% of TiO.sub.2, 2-15% of MgO, 10-30% of SiO.sub.2, 5-15% of Mn, 1-6% of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 20-60% of iron powder, not more than 2.5% of iron oxide and 0.5-2.5% of an organic component and having a weight ratio of MgO/(TiO.sub.2 +Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) in the range of 0.15-0.7, and a binder for the flux.

Abstract: An agglomerated welding flux especially designed to produce tandem arc seam welds having low profiles, increased penetration, and minimal undercutting. The flux includes: aluminum oxide and silicon dioxides in the form of kyanite; magnesium oxide; and, manganese oxide.

Abstract: A solder flux composition comprises a mixture of sarcosine and tartronic or tartaric acid dissolved in water and an aliphatic alcohol. Typically the acid-sarcosine weight ratio lies within the range 90:10 to 30:70 and the solution may contain between 5 and 20 weight percent of solids. The flux is employed for tin/lead soldering of a range of metals and alloys including copper, nickel and nickel-iron. Bidegradation of the flux is inhibited by the inclusion of lead carbonate, phenol or salicylic acid in the composition.

Abstract: A composite wire containing a flux for use in gas-shielded arc welding of stainless steels which contains, in the flux, the following inorganic components with respect to the total weight of the wire: 0.1 to 10% by weight of an anhydrous silicate, and 0.01 to 0.75% of a metallic oxide having a melting point of no more than 888.degree. C.

Abstract: A soldering flux comprises a mixture comprising a vehicle which is nonreactive with the portion of an electronic device to be contacted by the flux, an activator having at least one halogen atom and at least one destabilizing constituent and an acid solder surfactant selected from a polybasic carboxylic acid, a hydroxyl substituent thereof, a keto acid and a mixture of any of the foregoing surfactants.

Abstract: A core flux composition of a flux-cored wire for welding and surfacing high-strength steels with a gas-shielded process comprises the core flux ingredients taken in the following amounts, by weight %:______________________________________ rutile concentrate 14.0-23.0 fluorite concentrate 7.0-12.0 sodium fluosilicate 2.0-6.0 ferromanganese 6.0-10.0 ferrosilicon 1.5-4.0 ferromolibdenum 1.0-2.5 chromium (elemental) 1.0-2.5 nickel (elemental) 4.0-9.0 iron powder 31.0-63.

Abstract: Extraction of non-lead components (e.g. tin, indium, etc.) from solder joints with monocarboxylic acids of alkylated hydrophenanthrene nuclei to increase the lead content of the solder joints.

Abstract: A flexible brazing alloy tape with a binder having less than 3% by weight total organic content and no more than about 1% by weight residual ash after melting is provided by use of a polyacrylic acid polymer, glycerol and water as a vehicle in which the powdered alloy is dissolved to form a slurry prior to casting. The polyacrylic acid polymer has a relatively low viscosity defined by a molecular weight of about 450,000. The slurry is deposited on a substrate and is dried and the resulting flexible low organic self-supporting tape is removed from the substrate to be formed into desired shapes as preforms for brazing. Alternatively a brazing alloy tape comprising a binder having a similarly low total organic content is produced by mixing the powdered alloy with polyvinyl alcohol, glycerol and water and thereafter casting the tape as described above.

Abstract: Core flux composition of a flux-cored wire for welding and surfacing steels with a gas-shielded process contains the core flux ingredients in the following amounts, by weight %:______________________________________ rutile concentrate 20-40 fluorite concentrate 0.6-8.5 ferromanganese 13.5-18.5 ferrosilicon 1.6-2.7 nepheline concentrate 0.5-7 cryolite 0.6-4.

Abstract: In a tubular composite electrode for depositing stainless steel weld metal, satisfactory performance in vertical up welding is achieved through the inclusion in the electrode core of a slag mix comprising 15 to 60% weight percent zirconium dioxide.

Abstract: Flux composition for a flux-cored wire to be used for welding and surfacing steels with the gas-shielded process comprises flux ingredients in the following amounts, by weight %:rutile concentrate: 20-53ferromanganese: 10-22.8ferrosilicon: 1.3-6sodium fluosilicate: 1-5calcined magnesite: 1.3-10electrocorundum: 1.6-7.5iron powder: balance.

Abstract: Tin alloy solder powder compositions comprising finely divided particles of the alloy coated with a thin continuous layer of organic flux sufficient to lower the electrical conductivity and to obscure the eutectic domains on the surface of the alloy particles.

Abstract: Improved soldering or brazing paste compositions comprising a metal alloy powder and a vehicle therefor have been developed. The vehicle comprises hydroxypropyl cellulose blended with glycerine and/or water further blended with a mixture of polyalkoxyalkanols. Said vehicle is totally fugitive, leaving exceptionally low residue and maintains stable viscosity during extended storage.

Abstract: A fluoride flux for silver brazing comprises an iron powder, a cobalt powder, a nickel powder or a copper powder which has an average diameter of 1-100.mu. in a flux having a main component such as an alkali metal fluoride, an alkali fluoroborate, an alkali metal chloride, an alkali metal borate, etc..

Abstract: Copper-manganese alloy brazing pastes can be substantially improved by the inclusion of a minor amount of silicon in the alloy. The brazing alloy can contain by weight between about 0.5% and 3% silicon to provide a brazing composition for brazing at temperatures between about 1650.degree. C. and 1850.degree. C.

Abstract: There is provided an inorganic salt-free, anhydrous, noncorrosive powdered solder metal paste and vehicle therefor which vehicle is characterized by the presence therein of a flux and a nonaqueous organic liquid having a surface tension or surface energy of from 43 to 65 dynes/cm. and higher at 20.degree.C. When powdered solder metal or powdered solder metal alloy is distributed in such a vehicle in an amount sufficient to form a paste, a deposit will not undergo hot slump at elevated temperatures. The pastes and vehicles are free of inorganic metal salts.