Abstract: A gelatinous coating comprising particles of electrode coating and thermite suspended in a gel for use as an insulating coating and fluxing agent in underwater arc welding. Also, a method for underwater welding in which the gelatinous coating is scorched and the electric arc is initiated and sustained so as to weld the workpiece. Alternatively, a method for arc welding in flammable or explosive atmospheres.

Abstract: A covered electrode for arc welding is disclosed which exhibits tight adhesion between the cover material and the core wire and provides good arc stability. This covered electrode comprises a core wire coated with a coating composition comprising (a) a powdered mixture of an inorganic oxide, carbonate and fluoride, (b) an alkali silicate and (c) 0.001 to 5.0% by weight of pullulan based on the alkali silicate.

Abstract: A composition for a brazing slurry which will form solid connections below 1600.degree. C. The composition comprises, by weight, about 21% to 22% fine particle tungsten; about 7% to 8% calcium oxide; about 5% to 6% silicon dioxide; about 5% to 6% titanium dioxide; about 3% to 4% aluminum oxide; and about 55.5 % to 57.5 % of an organic binder.The composition is well suited to attaching leads to metallized patterns formed on ceramic substrate and can also be employed as the pattern forming material.

Abstract: Flux compositions for use in soft soldering processes comprise as part or all of the active flux material at least one compound selected from the class of compounds characterized by the presence therein of a perhydro-1,2-cyclopentanophenanthrene ring system. Compounds belonging to this class include the bile acids.

Abstract: A composition for a brazing slurry which will form solid connections below 1600.degree. C. The composition comprises, by weight, about 15% to 16.5% fine particle tungsten; about 5% to 6% calcium oxide; about 4% to 5% silicon dioxide; about 6% to 7% aluminum oxide; and about 67% to 70% of an organic binder.The composition is well suited to attaching leads to metallized patterns formed on ceramic substrate and can also be employed as the pattern forming material. When employed in electron discharge devices as a means of forming cathode and/or heater configurations, and for attaching leads thereto, the material is resistant to heater-cathode leakage.

Abstract: Introduction of boron as a hardening agent for metal hard-facing and the like is achieved by way of welding practices involving a consumable slender rod or wire filler member of relatively ductile material into the surface of which boron has been diffused to leave relatively brittle boride about a relatively ductile core, the slender borided welding filler member lending itself to uncomplicated handling because of core ductility while at the same time exhibiting a high percentage of borided material from which a hard facing can be developed when it is melted and bonds with metal of a body which is to be hard-faced.

Abstract: This invention relates to an aluminothermic reaction mixture, for preparing a metallic melt composed primarily of copper, having the following composition70 to 75 parts by weight of cupric oxide with an oxygen content of >14 to 15% by weight,25 to 30 parts by weight of aluminum/copper alloy in a weight ratio of about 1:1 with a particle size of >0.15 mm and <1.0 mm, and0.1 to 0.5 part by weight of finely divided carbon with a particle size of <0.2 mm.

Abstract: A single component brazing paste suitable for brazing aluminum and having excellent shelf-life consists essentially of a mixture of (A) from 7 to 35, preferably at least 10, weight percent of a non-aqueous substantially inert vehicle which has a viscosity at room temperature in the range of 30,000 to 100,000 centipoises and which at brazing temperature is capable of volatilization and/or decomposition without leaving a residue, (B) from 18 to 75, preferably at least 25, weight percent of certain brazing fluxes suitable for use in brazing aluminum and containing no metals in free or combined form having a more negative or less positive oxidation potential than aluminum, (A) and (B) when mixed together having a viscosity at room temperature greater than the viscosity of (A) alone and in the range of 80,000 to 250,000 centipoises, and (C) from 15 to 75 percent weight of a particulate aluminum base alloy filler metal such that the mixture of (A), (B) and (C) has a viscosity at room temperature in the range of 200

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coated welding electrode containing at least 0.5% of Cr based on the total weight of the welding electrode and comprising a metal core and a coating flux composition. In this welding electrode, the content of Na and K components in the coating flux calculated as (Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O) is reduced below 1% based on the total weight of the coating flux composition, whereby amounts of fumes generated at the welding step, especially the amount of toxic soluble Cr, are suppressed and minimized.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a welding flux composition comprising a first alloy including iron, at least two metals reactive with oxygen under welding conditions and selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, zirconium and boron and a weld improving metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium and manganese, said first alloy comprising from about 1 percent to about 4.5 percent by weight of the flux composition. The invention is also concerned with a weld forming composition comprising a metal tube having therewithin a welding flux as set out above. The invention is further concerned with a process for reducing particulate matter produced during the welding operation, comprising a welding flux used in said operation including from about 1 percent to about 4.5 percent by weight of the above first alloy.

Abstract: Flux-cored wire as mentioned below, in which a sheath of steel strip is filled with a powder, a selection of iron powders or earth carbonates or fluorides and ferro-metallic deoxidizers and arc stabilizers are added and the mixture is baked at about 570.degree. to 620.degree. C, specific compositions as detailed in the description being used in the powder, the powder specifically having added to it 1 to 3% by weight of powder of atomized silicate, and the sheath being of low-carbon or low-alloy steel, the whole being sifted preferably at 100 mesh.

Abstract: An improved welding electrode for producing weld metal having low amounts of hydrogen therein so that hydrogen-assisted cracking in the weld zone is minimized. This is especially beneficial for welding high strength steels having tensile strengths of about 70,000 psi and above. The electrode has a filler wire core and a flux covering of predetermined constituents and low moisture levels such as below about 0.6 percent. The flux is bound together with a binder of hydrolyzed organic silicate (silica) which makes no substantial contribution to the moisture level of the covering and which also makes the covering resistant to hygroscopic moisture pickup before the electrode is used for welding. Thus, this binder minimizes the amount of hydrogen from any moisture in the covering which may be introduced into the weld metal during welding. Additionally, the flux covering contains a source of barium or cesium in an amount effective to reduce the slag/metal reaction temperature during welding.

Abstract: A soldering flux which comprises an aqueous solution containing a mixture of 25 - 75% by weight of a hydrobromide of an aliphatic hydroxyamine and 75 - 25% by weight of a hydrobromide of an aliphatic amine.

Abstract: A microsphere of solder having a metallic core, in which the thickness of the solder coating of the microsphere is more than 20 microns, can be produced by a process comprising preparing a sheet having a plurality of hollows provided all over the sheet, placing a spherical grain of a metal together with at least one grain of solder in each of said hollows, the metallic grain having wettability for solder, then heating the grains in the hollow in the presence of a flux to coat the metallic grain with the solder, and recovering a spherical solder bead having a metallic core.

Abstract: A flux composition of the non-corrosive type suitable for use in soft soldering, particularly in the electrical and electronics industries, contains in place of the conventional natural rosin (colophony), an ester of a polyhydric alcohol such as pentaerythritol tetrabenzoate. The composition can be in solid or liquid form and in the latter can perform the multiple functions of an etch resist, a protective coating and a flux in the production of printed circuit assemblies.

Abstract: A flux-cored wire for electrogas arc welding includes a sheath of steel hoop made of material selected from a group of materials consisting of mild steel and stainless steel. A flux is provided internally within the coating. The flux contains CaF.sub.2, Fe--Si, SiO.sub.2, CaCO.sub.3, Cr and Mn. The flux may also contain Fe, Fe--Nb, Me--Mo and/or Me--Cu.

Abstract: A water soluble flux composition includes a vehicle portion of polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers and their adducts of trimethylolpropane along with an activator portion of tetrakis hydroxyalkyl derivatives of alkalene diamines such as N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine and/or a long chain alkyldiethanolamine, such as polyoxyethylene soyamine.

Abstract: A phosphoric acid flux with good fluxing efficiency and high viscosity, and one which is especially suitable for use in the soldering of copper and copper-plated stainless steel. The flux is in the form of a viscous fluid, or a thermally unstable emulsion when the fluid is combined with a pasty vehicle. The viscous fluid contains phosphoric acid and an organic material (molecular weight between 4,000 and 20,000) from the group consisting of polyethers and polyimines or mixtures thereof having an atomic ratio of carbon to ether oxygen plus imine nitrogen between 1.5 and 3.1.

Abstract: A phosphoric acid flux with good fluxing efficiency and high viscosity, and one which is especially suitable for use in the soldering of copper, stainless steel and copper-plated stainless steel. The flux is in the form of a viscous fluid, or a thermally unstable emulsion when the fluid is combined with a pasty vehicle. The viscous fluid contains phosphoric acid, copper containing material and an organic material (molecular weight between 4,000 and 20,000) from the group consisting of polyethers and polyimines or mixtures thereof having an atomic ratio of carbon to ether oxygen plus imine nitrogen between 1.5 and 3.1.

Abstract: A soldered joint between articles of at least one of the high melting point metals, high melting point carbides and high melting point metal oxides, which joint contains zirconium in which at least the external surface layer of the soldered joint consists of zirconium nitride.The soldered joint is preferably used for securing electrodes for high-pressure gas discharge lamps to current supply conductors.The soldered joint can be obtained by soldering with zirconium in a rare gas atmosphere whereafter the soldering area is heated for some time in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: Flux for welding ordinary, semi-alloyed, alloyed or special steels with a high rate of efficiency and high rate of speed and containing a relatively high amount of Fe powder.

Abstract: A flux for use in submerged arc welding of steel, is formed from 10 - 70% iron powder, 10 - 50% MgO, 3 - 25% CaO, 2 - 25% carbonate based on the CO.sub.2 content, 0.03 - 1.5% of a compound or mixture containing boron oxide, the weight being based on the B.sub.2 O.sub.3 content, less than 15% TiO.sub.2, and at least one deoxidizing metallic agent selected from the group consisting of Si, Mn, Al, Ti and alloys thereof.

Abstract: Flux-cored wire for automatic or semi-automatic arc welding process, comporting specific powder compositions as detailed in the description, which are high in amounts of metallic powders, mixed with metallic silicate solution to form a paste and baked before its introduction within a low-carbon or low-alloy steel sheath.

Abstract: An extremely effective agent for achieving optimum bonding between a nonprecious dental alloy and porcelain is painted onto the alloy in slurry form and fired to prepare the surface of the alloy for bonding to porcelain. The bonding agent includes major proportions of fine gold powder, porcelain, liquid flux and a minor amount of fine zirconium oxide. The liquid flux is a low fusing flux dissolved in a liquid vehicle, such as glycerine or an alcohol. Suitable fluxes are boron oxide and its salts. The flux reacts to the porcelain and with the oxides which are formed on the alloy during firing to produce a low solubility, highly tenacious, adherent intermediate layer of oxides to which porcelain will readily and firmly adhere during subsequent application and firing.

Abstract: In welding materials, such as a composite electrode enclosing a flux within a tubular hoop, a combination of a solid electrode and a flux, a core electrode coated with a flux and the like, for welding aluminum-coated steel comprising on weight basis less than 1.5% of Si less than 1.0% of Mn, and 2 to 15% of CaF.sub.2 and 15 to 50% of a mixture of oxides having a basicity ranging from 1.0 to 12.5, the balance being substantially Fe.

Abstract: Filler material and process for the heterogeneous welding by fusion of two iron-carbon alloys. The filler material comprises iron and at least one element for producing special stable carbides and at least one element for nodularizing graphite in iron.

Abstract: A residue-free brazing composition for brazing together metal parts is based on atomized copper particles dispersed in a fugitive binder to produce brazing paste.

Abstract: A phosphoric acid flux with good fluxing efficiency and high viscosity, and one which is especially suitable for use in the soldering of copper, stainless steel and copper-plated stainless steel. The flux is in the form of a viscous fluid, or a thermally unstable emulsion when the fluid is combined with a pasty vehicle. The viscous fluid contains phosphoric acid, copper containing material and an organic material (molecular weight between 4,000 and 20,000) from the group consisting of polyethers and polyimines or mixtures thereof having an atomic ratio of carbon to ether oxygen plus imine nitrogen between 1.5 and 3.1.

Abstract: A phosphoric acid flux with good fluxing efficiency and high viscosity, and one which is especially suitable for use in the soldering of copper and copper-plated stainless steel. The flux is in the form of a viscous fluid, or a thermally unstable emulsion when the fluid is combined with a pasty vehicle. The viscous fluid contains phosphoric acid and an organic material (molecular weight between 4,000 and 20,000) from the group consisting of polyethers and polyimines or mixtures thereof having an atomic ratio of carbon to ether oxygen plus imine nitrogen between 1.5 and 3.1.

Abstract: Low-fuming fluxes are provided which contain up to about 18% by weight of a dust-free large-particle source of ammonium chloride.

Abstract: A cored type arc-welding steel electrode for the welding of 14 gauge to 3/8 inch thick mild steel wherein the ingredients in the core provide a smooth spray arc that is easy to control along with excellent bead appearance, low spatter, and good slag removal. The core ingredients include: calcium oxide, as a necessary compound, in a prefused mix to lower its hygroscopicity; aluminum and magnesium in controlled amounts; and selected fluorides.

Abstract: Submerged arc welding of high tension steel workpieces by using bonded flux capable of generating at least 7 percent by weight of carbon dioxide gas during welding operation and producing slag with a basicity B.sub.L of not smaller than 1.0, in conjunction with a welding wire capable of providing alloying elements to weld metal, so as to produce weld metal having a high toughness and a high crack-resistivity.

Abstract: A method, compositions and articles are described for the direct addition of alloying metal to a molten metal to be alloyed, which provide more rapid dissolution of the alloying metal in the molten metal than has been possible heretofore. The alloying metal is added to the molten metal to be alloyed in finely particulate form in intimate admixture with a flux suitable for the purpose and finely particulate phenolic resin. The phenolic resin, in particle form, and preferably in the form of low density microballoons, is employed in an amount such that the ratio of the volume of the metalflux mixture to the volume of the microballoons is in the range from about 2:1 to about 12:1. The flux-alloying metal mixture contains about 3 to about 10% flux and about 90 to about 97% alloying metal, by weight of the flux-metal mixture. The compositions may be added to the molten metal bath in powder or lump form or may be incorporated in articles such as bags or briquettes containing the compositions.

Abstract: Automatic fixed position pipe welding is carried out by gas-shielded electric arc welding with a novel flux-cored electrode wire having a low-carbon sheel sheath containing a core filling of, by weight, 16-17 percent ferro manganese, 10-11 percent ferro silicon, 1-4 percent manganous oxide, 1/2-1 percent potassium aluminum fluoride, and the balance rutile. The wire exterior is shiny and metallic-appearing, and the wire is configured to have folded-in edges.

Abstract: A novel flux-cored welding wire for gas-shielded electric arc welding is described characterized by a shiny, metallic-appearing surface on a low carbon steel sheath and containing within its core as essential flux ingredients 6-20% ferro manganese, 6-20% ferro silicon, 1-20% manganous oxide, 1/2-5% of a flouride compound, and the balance rutile. The wire is especially useful in out-of-position welding to produce sound welds combining good strength and high notch toughness at subzero temperatures.