Nickel Containing Patents (Class 148/335)
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Patent number: 6290905Abstract: A welding method for two members adapted to be welded and formed of a low-alloy steel for structural purposes causing the weld metal to develop martensite transformation during cooling after welding, so that the weld metal becomes expanded to a greater degree at room temperature than at a temperature at which the martensite transformation initiates. The welding material comprises a ferrous alloy containing C, Cr, Ni, Si, Mn, Mo and Nb, all of which meet substantially with the contents of the following equation (1): 170≦719−(795×C wt %)−(23.7×Cr wt %)−(26.5×Ni wt %)−(35.55×Si wt %)−(13.25×Mn wt %)−(23.7×Mo wt %)−(11.85×Nb wt %)<250 (1).Type: GrantFiled: February 16, 2000Date of Patent: September 18, 2001Assignee: Kawasaki Steel CorporationInventors: Osamu Watanabe, Akihiko Ohta, Chiaki Shiga, Satoshi Nishijima
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Patent number: 6284064Abstract: In a processing method for strengthening carbon steel materials, a carbon steel having an average hardness in the range of HRC 50 to 57 and a bainite structure is subjected to a tension working so as to provide a residual strain of at least 0.3% to the carbon steel. The tensile load in the tension working exceeds the yield point, and is 95% or less of the fracture load.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 2000Date of Patent: September 4, 2001Assignee: Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Akira Fujiwara, Atsushi Shirakawa, Kazushige Yakubo
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Patent number: 6284065Abstract: An improved bearing steel, adapted for the manufacturing of thick-walled bearing rings, containing, in weight-%: C 1.00-1.10 Si 0.15 max Mn 1.35-1.65 Cr 1.70-1.90 Ni 1.00-1.15 Mo 0.40-0.50 Cu 0.30 max. Al 0.015-0.050 the balance being Fe and normal residual elements and contaminants.Type: GrantFiled: March 9, 2000Date of Patent: September 4, 2001Assignee: Ovaka Steel ABInventors: Thore Lund, Staffan Larsson, Patrik Ölund, Roger Björn, Mikael Sundqvist
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Patent number: 6280538Abstract: A hot rolled high strength steel sheet having a satisfactory strength-elongation balance and an stretch frangibility and with excellent formability comprising a steel, which contains: C :0.05 ˜ 0.15% Si :0.5 ˜ 2.0% Mn :0.5 ˜ 2.0% P :0.05% or less S :0.010% or less Al :0.005 ˜ less than 0.10%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and in which the metal structure mainly comprises three phases of ferrite, retained austenite and bainite, the amount of the ferrite [V(F)] is 60˜95 area %, the amount of the retained austenite [V(&ggr;)] is 3˜15 vol %, the amount of the bainite [V(B)] in the area ratio is 1.5 times or more of the amount of the retained austenite [V(&ggr;)], and the average hardness of the bainite is 240-400 Hv.Type: GrantFiled: November 12, 1999Date of Patent: August 28, 2001Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko ShoInventors: Tetsuo Soshiroda, Yoichi Mukai, Michiharu Nakaya
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Patent number: 6277216Abstract: Compositions and methods of processing have been developed to optimize the impact toughness of heat-treated, low-alloy steels. The disclosed ranges of steel composition provide a lightly-tempered martensitic microstructure in which grain-refining precipitate forming elements such as titanium and aluminum are essentially absent and the content of iron/alloy carbides retained through the hardening operation is minimized through the application of an appropriate heat treatment wherein austenitizing takes place at temperatures of about 900° C. or above followed by quenching and lightly tempering at about 180° C.Type: GrantFiled: September 4, 1998Date of Patent: August 21, 2001Assignee: The Timken CompanyInventors: Michael J. Leap, James C. Wingert
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Patent number: 6264760Abstract: An ultra-high strength steel having excellent ultra-low temperature toughness, a tensile strength of at least about 930 MPa (135 ksi), and a microstructure comprising predominantly fine-grained lower bainite, fine-grained lath martensite, or mixtures thereof, transformed from substantially unrecrystallized austenite grains and comprising iron and specified weight percentages of the additives: carbon, silicon, manganese, copper, nickel, niobium, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, titanium, aluminum, calcium, Rare Earth Metals, and magnesium, is prepared by heating a steel slab to a suitable temperature; reducing the slab to form plate in one or more hot rolling passes in a first temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; further reducing said plate in one or more hot rolling passes in a second temperature range below said first temperature range and above the temperature at which austenite begins to transform to ferrite during cooling; quenching said plate to a suitable Quench Stop Temperature; and stopType: GrantFiled: July 28, 1998Date of Patent: July 24, 2001Assignees: ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Nippon Steel CorporationInventors: Hiroshi Tamehiro, Hitoshi Asahi, Takuya Hara, Yoshio Terada, Michael J. Luton, Jayoung Koo, Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru, Clifford W. Petersen
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Patent number: 6258181Abstract: A structural steel excellent in wear resistance and fatigue resistance property, for use as a structural member of a bridge, pylon or the like erected in a shore region where there is concern about steel corrosion and fatigue at weld joint owing to scattering of sea salt particles or in a region where snow-melting salt is used, is provided at low cost and by a simple production method. The hot rolled structural steel contains, in percentage by weight, C: 0.02-0.20%, and further added with small amounts of Ni, Cu and Mo as essential elements, that is a rolled steel excellent in wear resistance and fatigue resistance property having a Ni/Cu concentration ratio of not less than 0.8, a steel surface internal oxide layer of not greater than 2 &mgr;m, and a Ni, Cu and Mo concentrated layer of a thickness of not less than 2 &mgr;m on the internal oxide layer.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 2000Date of Patent: July 10, 2001Assignee: Nippon Steel CorporationInventors: Kouichi Yamamoto, Hironori Satoh
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Patent number: 6258634Abstract: A two terminal ESD protection structure formed by an alternating arrangement of adjacent p-n-p-n-p semiconductor regions provides protection against both positive and negative ESD pulses. When an ESD pulse appears across the two terminals of the ESD protection structure, one of the inherent n-p-n-p thyristors is triggered into a snap-back mode thereby to form a low impedance path to discharge the ESD current. Some embodiments of the ESD protection structure of the present invention have an enhanced current handling capability and are formed by combining a number of standard cells. The standard cells include a corner cell, a center cell and an edge cell which are arranged adjacent each other to form an ESD protection structure which provides for current flow from across many locations therein. Some embodiments of the ESD protection structure of the present invention include a network consisting of a pair of current sources, e.g.Type: GrantFiled: February 4, 1999Date of Patent: July 10, 2001Assignee: National Semiconductor CorporationInventors: Albert Z. H. Wang, Chen H. Tsay, Peter Deane
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Patent number: 6254697Abstract: The present invention provides a cast steel material for pressure vessels which has improved impact resistance (weldability) and toughness while maintaining its creep rupture strength at a level equal to or higher than the excellent creep rupture strength currently possessed by CrMoV cast steel, as well as a method of making a pressure vessel (or cast steel article) by using this cast steel material which permits a pressure vessel to be made without requiring a material working step such as forging. Specifically, the present invention relates to a cast steel material for pressure vessels which contains C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, V, W, Nb and/or Ta, B, Ti, Al, N, O, P and S in predetermined proportions, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, provided that the contents of Ti, Al, O and N satisfies the following relationship: N−0.29{Ti−1.5((O−0.89Al)}≦0.Type: GrantFiled: March 16, 2000Date of Patent: July 3, 2001Assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Yasunori Tashiro, Masakatsu Ueno, Akitsugu Fujita, Masatomo Kamada
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Patent number: 6254698Abstract: An ultra-high strength, weldable, low alloy steel with excellent cryogenic temperature toughness in the base plate and in the heat affected zone (HAZ) when welded, having a tensile strength greater than about 830 MPa (120 ksi) and a microstructure comprising (i) predominantly fine-grained lower bainite, fine-grained lath martensite, fine granular bainite (FGB), or mixtures thereof, and (ii) up to about 10 vol % retained austenite, is prepared by heating a steel slab comprising iron and specified weight percentages of some or all of the additives carbon, manganese, nickel, nitrogen, copper, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, niobium, vanadium, titanium, aluminum, and boron; reducing the slab to form plate in one or more passes in a temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; finish rolling the plate in one or more passes in a temperature range below the austenite recrystallization temperature and above the Ar3 transformation temperature; quenching the finish rolled plate to a suitable Quench Stop TemperatType: GrantFiled: December 19, 1998Date of Patent: July 3, 2001Assignee: ExxonMobile Upstream Research CompanyInventors: Jayoung Koo, Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru, Glen A. Vaughn, Raghavan Ayer
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Patent number: 6254696Abstract: High-strength bainitic steel rails have improved resistances to surface fatigue failures and wear required of the head of rails for heavy-load service railroads. The high-strength bainitic steels rails having excellent resistances to surface fatigue failures and wear contain constituents of specific ranges and consisting of bainitic structures at least in part are characterized in that the total area occupied by carbides whose longer axes are 100 to 1000 nm in a given cross section of said bainitic structures accounts for 10 to 50 percent thereof.Type: GrantFiled: September 13, 1999Date of Patent: July 3, 2001Assignee: Nippon Steel CorporationInventors: Masaharu Ueda, Kouichi Uchino, Katsuya Iwano, Akira Kobayashi
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Patent number: 6248187Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a corrosion resistant steel excellent in strength and low temperature toughness as well as resistance to corrosion by carbon dioxide and seawater, and most suitable for oil well steel pipes and line pipes for production and transportation of gas, petroleum, etc. used in the field of energy, or a steel for plants, and corrosion resistant oil well steel pipes. The corrosion resistant steel and the corrosion resistant oil well steel pipes comprise, based on weight, up to 0.30% of C, up to 1.0% of Si, 0.2 to 2.0% of Mn, 2.1 to less than 5.0% of Cr, up to 0.03% of P, up to 0.02% of S, up to 0.10% of Al, up to 0.015% of N, optionally containing Cu, Ni, Mo, Ti, Nb and B, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and have a martensitic structure as their metallic structure.Type: GrantFiled: October 12, 1999Date of Patent: June 19, 2001Assignee: Nippon Steel CorporationInventors: Hitoshi Asahi, Koichi Nose
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Patent number: 6245290Abstract: A high-tensile-strength steel having excellent toughness throughout its thickness, excellent properties at welded joints, and a tensile strength (TS) of at least about 900 MPa (130 ksi), and a method for making such steel, are provided. Steels according to this invention preferably have the following composition based on % by weight: carbon (C): 0.02% to 0.1%; silicon (Si): not greater than 0.6%; manganese (Mn): 0.2% to 2.5%; nickel (Ni): 0.2% to 1.2%; niobium (Nb): 0.01% to 0.1%; titanium (Ti): 0.005% to 0.03%; aluminum (Al): not greater than 0.1%; nitrogen (N): 0.001% to 0.006%; copper (Cu): 0% to 0.6%; chromium (Cr): 0% to 0.8%; molybdenum (Mo): 0% to 0.6%; vanadium (V): 0% to 0.1%; boron (B): 0% to 0.0025%; and calcium (Ca): 0% to 0.006%. The value of Vs as defined by Vs=C+(Mn/5)+5P−(Ni/10)−(Mo/15)+(Cu/10) is 0.15 to 0.42. P and S among impurities are contained in an amount of not greater than 0.015% and not greater than 0.003%, respectively.Type: GrantFiled: August 25, 1999Date of Patent: June 12, 2001Assignees: ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Jayoung Koo, Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru, Michael J. Luton, Clifford W. Petersen, Kazuki Fujiwara, Shuji Okaguchi, Masahiko Hamada, Yu-ichi Komizo
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Patent number: 6238493Abstract: A method of making a weathering grade steel plate includes the steps of casting, hot rolling, and accelerated cooling using a modified weathering grade alloy composition. The composition employs effective levels of manganese, carbon, niobium, molybdenum, nitrogen, and titanium. After the casting, the slab or ingot is heated and rough rolled to an intermediate gauge plate. The intermediate gauge plate is controlled finish temperature rolled and subjected to accelerated cooling. With the controlled alloy chemistry, rolling and cooling, the final gauge plate exhibits continuous yielding and can be used for applications requiring a 70 KSI minimum yield strength, a 90-110 KSI tensile strength, and a Charpy V-notch toughness greater than 35 ft-lbs. at −10° F. in plates up to 4.0″ thick.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 1999Date of Patent: May 29, 2001Assignee: Bethlehem Steel CorporationInventors: Minfa Lin, Richard L. Bodnar
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Patent number: 6224824Abstract: Disclosed is an alloy steel of high corrosion resistance to hot molten salts containing chlorides and/or alkali oxides. The alloy steel is manufactured from a composition comprising 20-40 weight % of Ni, 0-8 weight % of Cr, 0.05 weight % or less of C, 0.5 weight % or less of Si, 1.0 weight % or less of Mn, 0.05 weight % or less of S, and the balance of Fe to total weight. With a low Cr content, the alloy steel is superb in the corrosion resistance to chloride and/or alkali oxide-containing molten salts, including LiCl—Li2O. Also, the alloy steel shows stable corrosion resistance to molten salts even at high temperature as well as low temperature in addition to being superior to workability. Thus, the alloy steel can be processed into plates, bars or pipes which are used for structural materials and structural components for treating molten salts.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 1999Date of Patent: May 1, 2001Assignee: Korea Electric Power CorporationInventors: Jun Shan Zhang, Young Joon Shin, Soo Haeng Cho, Hyun Soo Park
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Patent number: 6146583Abstract: A steel alloy for fabricating into chain links particularly for a mining chain having a composition including nickel in the range of 0.3 to 1.5%, particularly 1%, chromium in the range of 0.2 to 1.0%, particularly 0.5%, molybdenum in the range of 0.1 to 1.0%, particularly 0.75%, carbon in the range of 0.15 to 0.28%, particularly 0.23%, vanadium in the range of 0.05 to 0.2%, particularly 0.1%, and the balance iron. The steel alloy enables the fabrication of mining chain having an acceptable stress corrosion resistance to aggressive conditions likely to be encountered in mining without sacrificing hardness and strength in comparison with a conventional composition steel chain.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 1998Date of Patent: November 14, 2000Assignee: Parsons Chain Company LimitedInventors: Christopher Burdon, Geoffrey David Smyth Price
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Patent number: 6086685Abstract: A profiled rolling stock, in particular a running rail or railroad track made of an iron-based alloy, is provided. The alloy contains silicon plus aluminum below 0.99 wt. % of the rolling stock. A structure in the cross section is formed, at least partially, by isothermic structural transformation due to accelerated cooling from the austenite region of the alloy to a lower intermediary phase temperature and holding. Transformation preferably occurs between the martensite transformation point of the alloy a temperature 250.degree. C. over the martensite transformation point Ms.Type: GrantFiled: December 19, 1997Date of Patent: July 11, 2000Assignee: Voest-Alpine Schienen GmbHInventors: Albin Joller, Peter Pointner, Herbert-Adolf Schifferl
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Patent number: 6074496Abstract: A high-strength oil-tempered steel wire with excellent spring fabrication property that is made of spring low-alloy steel, having a decarburized layer of reduced hardness extending to a depth of not greater than 200 .mu.m from the wire surface, a wire surface hardness in the range from an Hv (Vickers hardness) of 420 to an Hv of 50 below the Hv of the wire interior, and an Hv at the interior of the wire beyond the depth of the decarburized layer of not less than 550. The spring low-alloy steel can preferably comprise, in weight percent, 0.45-0.80% C, 1.2-2.5% Si, 0.5-1.5% Mn, 0.5-2.0% Cr and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 1998Date of Patent: June 13, 2000Assignees: Suzuki Metal Industry Co., Ltd., Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Hiroshi Yarita, Shouichi Suzuki, Taisuke Nishimura, Takashi Otowa
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Patent number: 6059895Abstract: An SOI substrate and method for forming is described incorporating the steps of forming strained layers of Si and/or SiGe on a first substrate, forming a layer of Si and/or S.sub.i O.sub.2 over the strained layers, bonding a second substrate having an insulating layer on its upper surface to the top surface above the strained layers, and removing the first substrate. The invention overcomes the problem of forming strained Si and SiGe layers on insulating substrates.Type: GrantFiled: May 13, 1999Date of Patent: May 9, 2000Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Jack Oon Chu, Khalid EzzEldin Ismail
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Patent number: 6056833Abstract: A high performance weathering steel having a minimum yield strength of 70-75 ksi and a yield/tensile ratio less than about 0.85 is produced from a steel composition consisting essentially, in weight percent, of about: carbon 0.08-0.12%; manganese 0.80-1.35%; silicon 0.30-0.65%; molybdenum 0.08-0.35%; vanadium 0.06-0.14%; copper 0.20-0.40%; nickel 0.50% max.; chromium 0.30-0.70%; phosphorous 0.010-0.020%; columbium up to about 0.04%, titanium up to 0.02%, sulfur up to 0.01%, iron, balance except for incidental impurities; heating the steel to a hot rolling temperature, rolling the steel to a thickness about 2 to 3 times the final desired thickness, air-cooling the steel to a temperature of about 1800-1850.degree. F. (RCR) or about 1600-1650.degree. F. (CCR), recrystallize control rolling or conventionally control rolling the steel with finish rolling at a temperature of about 1700-1750.degree. F. (RCR) or about 1400-1500.degree. F. (CCR), then water-cooling the steel to about 900-1200.degree. F.Type: GrantFiled: July 20, 1998Date of Patent: May 2, 2000Assignee: USX CorporationInventors: Riad Asfahani, Samuel J. Manganello
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Patent number: 6048491Abstract: A steel alloy ahs the following composition in weight % 0.075-0.15% C from traces to max. 1.0 Si, 1-3 Mn, 2-5 Cr, 1-4 Ni, wherein the total amount of Mn+Cr+Ni>6, 0.1-1.0 Mo, which wholly or partly can be replaced by the double amount of W, max. 0.015 P, max 0.02 S, balance essentially only iron and impurities and accessory elements in normal amounts.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1998Date of Patent: April 11, 2000Assignee: Uddeholm Tooling AktiebolagInventors: Lars-.ANG.ke Norstrom, Henrik Jesperson
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Patent number: 6048411Abstract: A hybrid silicon-on-silicon substrate. A thin film (2101) of single-crystal silicon is bonded to a target wafer (46). A high-quality bond is formed between the thin film and the target wafer during a high-temperature annealing process. It is believed that the high-temperature annealing process forms covalent bonds between the layers at the interface (2305). The resulting hybrid wafer is suitable for use in integrated circuit manufacturing processes, similar to wafers with an epitaxial layer.Type: GrantFiled: February 19, 1998Date of Patent: April 11, 2000Assignee: Silicon Genesis CorporationInventors: Francois J. Henley, Nathan W. Cheung
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Patent number: 6033490Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device which includes a quartz substrate having a z-cut plane of (0001) plane on a surface, a GaN film is first deposited on the surface. Finally, the quartz substrate is removed from the GaN film. The removed GaN film is used as a real substrate for forming GaN based compound semiconductor layers thereon.Type: GrantFiled: September 2, 1998Date of Patent: March 7, 2000Assignee: NEC CorporationInventors: Akitaka Kimura, Chiaki Sasaoka, Koichi Izumi
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Patent number: 5985053Abstract: A steel having excellent HAZ toughness can be used for ships, buildings, pressure containers, linepipes, and so forth. The steel is of a Ti--Mg--O system steel containing at least 40 pcs/mm.sup.2 of oxide and composite oxide particles of Ti and Mg having a size of 0.001 to 5.0 .mu.m. A steel having excellent HAZ toughness can be produced, and the safety of structures using this steel can be remarkably improved.Type: GrantFiled: December 4, 1997Date of Patent: November 16, 1999Assignee: Nippon Steel CorporationInventors: Takuya Hara, Hitoshi Asahi, Hiroshi Tamehiro, Ryuji Uemori, Naoki Saito
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Patent number: 5972130Abstract: A steel and tool made therefrom which in a tempered condition of 388 BHN or softer has high strength, high wear resistance together with excellent toughness in the range of 15% elongation and 35 ft-lbs. charpy and having the following composition:______________________________________ C .33-.39 Mn .50-.70 P .025 max. S .025 max. Si .40-.60 Ni 1.05-1.35 Cr 1.33-1.68 Mo .40-.60 Cu .60-.90 Al .010-.Type: GrantFiled: July 28, 1997Date of Patent: October 26, 1999Assignee: A. Finkl & Sons Co.Inventors: Algirdas A. Underys, Charles W. Finkl
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Patent number: 5928442Abstract: A medium/high carbon low alloy steel which can be cold formed by cold or warm forging and heat treated. The material consists essentially of:______________________________________ Element Weight Percent ______________________________________ Carbon (C) about 0.45-0.65 Manganese (Mn) about 0.35-0.45 Chromium (Cr) about 0.70-0.80 Nickel (Ni) about 0.35-0.50 Molybdenum (Mo) about 0.15-0.30 Titanium (Ti) about 0.01-0.02 Aluminum (Al) about 0.01-0.02 Silicon (Si) about 0.008-0.15 Boron (B) about 0.001-0.003 Iron (Fe) Balance Vanadium (V) Less than about 0.10 Oxygen (O) about 0.002-0.005 Nitrogen (N) about 0.001-0.008 Copper (Cu) Less than about 0.35 Zirconium (Zr) Less than about 0.01 Antimony (Sb) Less than about 0.01 Tin (Sn) Less than about 0.01 Sulfur (S) about 0.001-0.010 Phosphorus (P) about 0.001-0.Type: GrantFiled: January 7, 1998Date of Patent: July 27, 1999Assignee: Snap-On Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Paul M. Machmeier, Anthony M. Matuszewski, Stephen Marsch, William Walsh
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Patent number: 5900075Abstract: High strength steel is produced by a first rolling of a steel composition, reheated above 1100.degree. C., above the austenite recrystallization, a second rolling below the austenite recrystallization temperature, water cooling from above AR.sub.3 to less than 400.degree. C. and followed by tempering below the Ac.sub.1 transformation point.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1997Date of Patent: May 4, 1999Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Co.Inventors: Jayoung Koo, Michael J. Luton
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Patent number: 5896902Abstract: A debarking knife includes a plate having at least one sharp debarking edge delimited by a leading face and a trailing face. The leading face is reinforced by an anti-abrasion hard surface coating having better anti-abrasion qualities than the substrate forming the plate. The anti-abrasion hard surface coating is preferably a mixture of grains of fused tungsten carbide bound by an Ni/Cr/B/Si alloy, the whole being brazed to the substrate using a laser beam.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1997Date of Patent: April 27, 1999Assignee: Technogenia S.A.Inventor: Guy Maybon
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Patent number: 5888450Abstract: Fabricated components, such as plastic injection molds, forging tools and machine components formed from a fine grained, low phosphorus, high hardness, high wear resistance, high hardenability, good machineability and high polishability, low alloy steel which is suitable for applications at elevated temperatures and at room temperatures, and an alloy steel having the following composition,______________________________________ C .45-.60 Mn .75-.95 P .017 max S .025 max Si .15-.35 Ni .60-2.00 Cr .85-1.30 Mo .40-.85 V 0-.30 Al 0-.030 Ti .003-.020 N.sub.2 40-90 ppm ______________________________________the S, V and Al all being present in at least a small but effective amount, said steel and fabricated parts made therefrom being characterized by austenite grain boundaries being pinned with titanium nitrides.Type: GrantFiled: June 26, 1997Date of Patent: March 30, 1999Assignee: A. Finkl & Sons Co.Inventors: Charles W. Finkl, Algirdas A. Underys
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Patent number: 5876521Abstract: High strength steel is produced by a first rolling of a steel composition, reheated above 1100.degree. C., above the austenite recrystallization, a second rolling below the austenite recrystallization temperature, water cooling from above Ar.sub.3 to less than 400.degree. C. and followed by tempering below the Ac.sub.1 transformation point.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1995Date of Patent: March 2, 1999Inventors: Jayoung Koo, Michael John Luton
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Patent number: 5871852Abstract: A slide surface construction is formed of an aggregate of Fe crystals on a surface of a slide member such as a piston, cylinder, piston ring of the like. The area rate A of hexagonal pyramid-shaped Fe crystals in the slide surface is in the range of 40%.ltoreq.A.ltoreq.100%, and the content of Ni in the aggregate is in a range of 1% by weight.ltoreq.Ni.ltoreq.40% by weight. The slide surface takes on an intricate aspect due to the presence of a large number of hexagonal pyramid-shaped Fe crystals and hence, has a good oil retention. The slide surface construction exhibits an excellent corrosion resistance, because it contains nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr) or both. Thus, the corrosion of the pyramid-shaped Fe crystals is inhibited in a corrosive sliding environment and hence, the oil retention is maintained.Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 1996Date of Patent: February 16, 1999Assignee: Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Yusuke Toyoda, Masamune Tabata, Kenji Dosaka
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Patent number: 5855845Abstract: Steel for the manufacture of molds for injection molding of plastics, wherein its chemical composition contains, by weight: 0.35%.ltoreq.C.ltoreq.0.5%, 0%.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.0.5%, 0.2%.ltoreq.Mn.ltoreq.2.5%, 0%.ltoreq.Ni.ltoreq.4%, 0%.ltoreq.Cr.ltoreq.4%, 0%.ltoreq.Mo+W/2.ltoreq.2%, 0%.ltoreq.Cu.ltoreq.1%, 0%.ltoreq.V+Nb/2+Ta/4.ltoreq.0.5%, 0.005%.ltoreq.Al.ltoreq.0.2%, 0%.ltoreq.B.ltoreq.0.015%, 0%.ltoreq.Ti+Zr/2.ltoreq.0.3%, 0%.ltoreq.S+Se+Te .ltoreq.0.2%, 0%.ltoreq.Pb+Bi.ltoreq.0.2%, 0%.ltoreq.Ca.ltoreq.0.1%, the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the production, the analysis simultaneously satisfying the following relationships: Cr+3.times.(Mo+W/2)+10.times.(V+Nb/2+Ta/4).gtoreq.1, R=3.8.times.C+10.times.Si+3.3.times.Mn+2.4.times.Ni+1.4.times.(Cr+Mo+W/2). ltoreq.11, Qu=3.8.times.C+1.1.times.Mn+0.7.times.Ni+0.6.times.Cr+1.6.times.(Mo+W/2)+k B.gtoreq.3, with kB=0.5 if B.gtoreq.0.0005% and kB=0 if not, and: R.ltoreq.Max(2.33.times.Qu-1, 0.9.times.Qu+4).Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 1997Date of Patent: January 5, 1999Assignee: Creusot Loire Industrie Societe AnonymeInventors: Jean Beguinot, Gilbert Primon, Frederic Chenou
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Patent number: 5846344Abstract: Disclosed is a spring steel for a high corrosion resistant and high strength, which exhibits an excellent drawability without softening heat treatment after hot rolling, and which has a strength of 1900 MPa or more by quenching and tempering and an excellent corrosion resistance. The spring steel contains elements of C, Si, Mn and Cr, and elements of Ni and/or Mo in suitable amounts, the balance being essentially Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the elements satisfy the following requirement:2.5.ltoreq.(FP).ltoreq.4.52.0.ltoreq.(FP/log D).ltoreq.4.0where D is a diameter (mm) of the rolled material,and FP=(0.23?C!+0.1).times.(0.7?Si!+1).times.(3.5?Mn!+1) .times.(2.2?Cr!+1).times.(0.4?Ni!+1).times.(3?Mo!+1) in which ?element! represents mass % of the element.Type: GrantFiled: January 26, 1996Date of Patent: December 8, 1998Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko ShoInventors: Yasunobu Kawaguchi, Masataka Shimotsusa, Kan Momozaki, Takenori Nakayama, Shigeaki Miyauchi, Yoshinori Yamamoto, Norio Ohkouchi
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Patent number: 5834361Abstract: In a method of forming a II-VI compound semiconductor thin film on an InP substrate, a layer of III-V compound semiconductor mixed crystal is first formed on the InP substrate. The desorption rate of a group V element constituting the III-V compound semiconductor mixed crystal at a decomposition temperature of a native oxide layer formed on a surface of the III-V compound semiconductor mixed crystal layer is lower than a desorption rate of P of the InP substrate at a decomposition temperature of a native oxide layer formed on a surface of the InP substrate. A II-VI compound semiconductor thin film layer is formed on the first III-V compound semiconductor mixed crystal layer.Type: GrantFiled: April 10, 1996Date of Patent: November 10, 1998Assignee: NEC CorporationInventors: Kouichi Naniwae, Toru Suzuki
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Patent number: 5798004Abstract: This invention adds elements such as Cu, B, Cr, Ca, V, etc., to a low carbon-high Mn--Ni--Mo-trace Ti type steel, and allows the steel to have a tempered martensite/bainite mixed structure containing at least 60% of tempered martensite transformed from un-recrystallized austenite having a mean austenite grain size (d.gamma.) of not greater than 10 .mu.m as a micro-structure, or a tempered martensite structure containing at least 90% of martensite transformed from un-recrystallized austenite. The present invention further stipulates a P value to the range of 1.9 to 4.0 and thus provides a ultra-high strength steel having a tensile strength of at least 950 MPa (not lower than 100 of the API standard) and excellent in low temperature toughness, HAZ toughness and field weldability in cold districts.Type: GrantFiled: January 14, 1997Date of Patent: August 25, 1998Assignee: Nippon Steel CorporationInventors: Hiroshi Tamehiro, Hitoshi Asahi, Takuya Hara, Yoshio Terada
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Patent number: 5785924Abstract: Steel useful for the manufacture of molds for the injection molding of plastics, the chemical composition of which includes, by weight: 0.03%.ltoreq.C.ltoreq.0.25%, 0%.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.0.2%, 0%.ltoreq.Mn.ltoreq.0.9%, 1.5%.ltoreq.Ni.ltoreq.5%, 0%.ltoreq.Cr.ltoreq.18%, 0.05%.ltoreq.Mo+W/2.ltoreq.1%, 0%.ltoreq.S.ltoreq.0.3%, at least one element chosen from Al and Cu in contents of between 0.5% and 3%, optionally 0.0005%.ltoreq.B.ltoreq.0.015%, optionally at least one element taken from V, Nb, Zr, Ta and Ti, in contents of between 0% and 0.3%, optionally at least one element taken from Pb, Se, Te and Bi, in contents of between 0% and 0.3%, the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the processing, especially nitrogen; the chemical composition additionally satisfying the relations: Kth=3.8.times.C+9.8.times.Si+3.3.times.Mn+2.4.times.Ni+.alpha..times.Cr+1. 4.times.(Mo+W/2).ltoreq.15, with .alpha.=1.4 if Cr<8% and .alpha.=0 if Cr.gtoreq.8%; Tr=3.8.times.C+1.07.times.Mn+0.7.times.Ni+0.57.times.Cr+1.Type: GrantFiled: March 3, 1997Date of Patent: July 28, 1998Assignee: Creusot Loire IndustrieInventors: Jean Beguinot, Frederic Chenou, Gilbert Primon
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Patent number: 5780165Abstract: There is disclosed a bearing member which is enhanced in toughness without lowering the hardness of a core portion so as to prevent an instantaneous rupture of the bearing member, and is excellent in rolling fatigue service life characteristics. Martensitic Fe-based bearing steel of the invention contains, by weight, not more than 0.4% carbon, not more than 2% silicon, not more than 2% manganese, not more than 5% nickel, 3.5 to 7.0% chromium, at least one of tungsten and molybdenum an tungsten equivalent defined by (?W!+2?Mo!) of which at least one is 3 to 15%, and not less than 0.5% but less than 1.1% vanadium. A ratio of Cv/Ceq is not more than 0.3 where Cv represents a carbon equivalent of vanadium defined by 0.2?V!, and Ceq represents a carbon equivalent of carbide-forming elements defined by (0.063?Cr!+0.06?Mo!+0.033?W!+0.2?V!). With this construction, the precipitation of MC carbides is suppressed, and M.sub.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1995Date of Patent: July 14, 1998Assignee: Hitachi Metals, Ltd.Inventors: Shiho Fukumoto, Hideki Nakamura
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Patent number: 5772957Abstract: An iron composition and method for processing the composition that produces a steel alloy having enhanced low temperature toughness, without compromising other desirable mechanical properties, is described. The composition can be used to produce devices, such as saw chain, particularly useful for low temperature applications. In general, the steel composition comprises from about 0.2 weight percent to about 0.4 weight percent nickel, from about 0.2 to about 0.4 weight percent chromium, from about 0.5 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent carbon, from about 0.3 to about 0.5 weight percent manganese, from about 0.1 to about 0.35 weight percent silicon, and from about 0.08 weight percent to about 0.20 weight percent molybdenum. After heat treating, the steel composition has an average fracture toughness of greater than about 42 ksi in.sup.1/2, and an average modified Charpy energy-to-failure of greater than about 2 ft.lbs at temperatures greater than about -20.degree. F.Type: GrantFiled: August 23, 1996Date of Patent: June 30, 1998Assignee: Blount, Inc.Inventors: Iain A. Thomson, Larry G. Ward, James Peck, Dwayne E. Lewis
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Patent number: 5759299Abstract: A high-abrasion bainite rail excellent in resistance to rolling fatigue and failure, consisting essentially of 0.15 to 0.55 wt. % of C, 0.05 to 1.0 wt. % of Si, 0.1 to 2.5 wt. % of Mn, 0.03 wt. % or less of P, 0.03 wt. % or less of S, 0.1 to 3.0 wt. % of Cr, 0.005 to 2.05 wt. % of Mo, and the balance being iron and inevitable impurities. The head portion of the rail has a uniform bainite structure. The Vickers hardness at any position of the head top portion and the head corner portion is 240 to 400 Hv. A rail of high toughness and high wear resistance, consisting essentially of 0.2 to 0.5 wt. % of C, 0.1 to 2.0 wt. % of Si, 1.0 to 3.0 wt. % of Mn, 0.035 wt. % or less of P, 0.035 wt. % or less of S, 0.3 to 4.0 wt. % of Cr, and the balance being iron and inevitable impurities.Type: GrantFiled: July 29, 1996Date of Patent: June 2, 1998Assignee: NKK CorporationInventors: Hiroyasu Yokoyama, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Kazutaka Kobayashi
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Patent number: 5746843Abstract: A low Mn-low Cr ferritic heat resistant steel consisting essentially of, in weight %: 0.02-0.20% C, up to 0.7% Si, less than 0.1% Mn, up to 0.8% Ni, 0.8-3.5% Cr, 0.01-3.0% W, 0.1-0.5% V, 0.01-0.20% Nb, 0.001-0.05% Al, 0.0005-0.05% Mg, 0.0005-0.01% B, less than 0.05% N, up to 0.03% P, up to 0.015% S, 0.001-0.05% Ti and the balance Fe and incidental impurities, wherein the B content is defined so as to satisfy the following formula (14/11)B>N-N(V/51)/{(C/12)+(N/14)}-N(Nb/93)/{(C/12)+(N/14)}-N(Ti/48)/{C/12 )+(N/14)}. The steel can further contain optionally 0.01-1.5% Mo, and/or one or more elements selected from the group consisting of 0.01-0.2% La, 0.01-0.2% Ce, 0.01-0.2% Y, 0.01-0.2% Ca, 0.01-0.2% Ta and 0.01-0.2% Zr. The steel can be used in place of the austenitic steels or high Cr ferritic steels, since it has remarkably improved toughness, workability and weldability, and excellent creep properties at elevated temperatures.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 1997Date of Patent: May 5, 1998Assignees: Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Kaori Miyata, Masaaki Igarashi, Fujimitsu Masuyama, Nobuyoshi Komai, Tomomitsu Yokoyama
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Patent number: 5725690Abstract: This invention aims at providing a induction hardened bearing steel which can produce bearing parts at a low cost and can provide excellent rolling fatigue characteristics, the present invention provides a long life high-frequency-hardened bearing steel comprising, in terms of percent by weight, 0.45 to 0.7% of C, 0.05 to 1.7% of Si, 0.35 to 2.0% of Mn, 0.001 to 0.03% of S, 0.01 to 0.07% of Al 0.003 to 0.015% of N, 0.0005 to 0.03% of T.Mg, 0.005 to 1.2% of Mo, a specific amount of at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni, V, Nb and B, and more than 0.025% of P, and not more than 0.004% of Ti and not more than 0.002% of T.O, wherein a number ratio of Mg type oxides contained in the steel is at least 0.8.Type: GrantFiled: July 18, 1996Date of Patent: March 10, 1998Assignee: Nippon Steel CorporationInventors: Tatsuro Ochi, Yuji Kawauchi
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Patent number: 5714014Abstract: A semiconductor heterojunction material includes a heterojunction configured by successively overlaying first, middle and third layers of semiconductor, some or all of the constituent elements of the first and third layers being different and the middle layer containing all elements contained in the first and third layers.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 1995Date of Patent: February 3, 1998Assignee: Showa Denko K.K.Inventor: Shunji Horikawa
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Patent number: 5695576Abstract: High-strength high-ductility steel whose chemical composition, by weight, comprises from 0.15% to 0.35% of carbon, from 0% to 3% of silicon, from 0% to 3% of aluminium, from 0.1% to 4.5% of manganese, from 0% to 9% of nickel, from 0% to 6% of chromium, from 0% to 3% of the sum of tungsten divided by two plus molybdenum, from 0% to 0.5% of vanadium, from 0% to 0.5% of niobium, from 0% to 0.5% of zirconium, at most 0.3% of nitrogen and, optionally, from 0.0005% to 0.005% of boron, optionally from 0.005% to 0.1% of titanium, optionally at least one element taken from Ca, Se, Te, Bi and Pb in contents less than 0.2%, the balance being iron and impurities resulting from smelting; the chemical composition furthermore satisfying the relationships: 1%.ltoreq.Si+Al.ltoreq.3% and 4.6.times.(%C)+1.05.times.(%Mn)+0.54.times.(%Ni)+0.66.times.(%Mo+%W/2)+0.5 .times.(%Cr)+K.gtoreq.3.8 where K=0.5 when the steel contains boron, K=0 when the steel does not contain boron.Type: GrantFiled: January 24, 1996Date of Patent: December 9, 1997Assignee: Creusot Loire Industrie (S.A.)Inventor: Jean Beguinot
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Patent number: 5659188Abstract: Heteroepitaxy of lattice-mismatched semiconductor materials such as GaAs on silicon is accomplished by first growing GaAs (104) on silicon (102), then growing a lattice matched cap of Al.sub.x Ga.sub.1-x As (106), next annealing out defects with the Al.sub.x Ga.sub.1-x As cap (106) limiting desorption of gallium, lastly growing further GaAs (110) directly on the cap. The lattice matched cap is also used as an implant anneal cap.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1995Date of Patent: August 19, 1997Assignee: Texas Instruments IncorporatedInventors: Yung-Chung Kao, Donald L. Plumton
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Patent number: 5647917Abstract: When compound semiconductor films are grown on an InP wafer having a surface near a (100) orientation hillocks tend to arise on the films. Off-angle wafers have been adopted for substrates in order to suppress the occurrence of hillocks. The off-angle .THETA. from a (100) plane, however, is not the sole factor for determing wheather hillocks will be formed on the film. There is a concealed parameter which determines the generation of hillocks. What induces hillocks on the growing film are the defects on the substrate itself. No hillocks originate on portions of the film that correspond to the portions of the InP wafer without dislocations. The role of the off-angle .THETA. of the substrate is preventing the influence of the dislocations from transmitting to the films. A smaller density D of the defects on the substrate allows a smaller off-angle .THETA. for suppressing the hillocks from arising.Type: GrantFiled: September 7, 1995Date of Patent: July 15, 1997Assignee: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Kazuhiko Oida, Ryusuke Nakai
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Patent number: 5645794Abstract: Low alloy steel for the manufacture of molds for plastics or for rubber, the chemical composition of which comprises, by weight, 0.24% to 0.35% of carbon, 1% to 2.5% of manganese, 0.3% to 2.5% of chromium, 0.1% to 0.8% of molybdenum plus tungsten divided by 2, up to 2.5% of nickel, 0% to 0.3% of vanadium, less than 0.5% of silicon, 0.002% to 0.005% of boron, 0.005% to 0.1% of aluminum, 0% to 0.1% of titanium and less than 0.02% of phosphorus. The chemical composition must furthermore satisfy the relationship:U=409(% C)+19.3[% Cr+% Mo+% W/2+% V]+29.4(% Si)+10(% Mn)+7.2(% Ni)<200and the relationship:R=3.82(% C)+9.79(% Si)+3.34(% Mn)+11.94(% P)+2.39(% Ni)+1.43(% Cr)+1.43(% Mo+% W/2)<11.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 1995Date of Patent: July 8, 1997Assignee: Creusot Loire InudstrieInventors: Jean Beguinot, Frederic Chenou, Gilbert Primon
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Patent number: 5628834Abstract: The present invention broadly concerns layered structures of substantially-crystalline materials and processes for making such structures. More particularly, the invention concerns epitaxial growth of a substantially-crystalline layer of a first material on a substantially-crystalline second material different from the first material utilizing an approximately one monolayer thick monovalent surfactant element.Type: GrantFiled: May 9, 1995Date of Patent: May 13, 1997Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Matthew W. Copel, Rudolf M. Tromp
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Patent number: 5624235Abstract: The present invention relates to a steam turbine comprising a rotor shaft integrating high and low pressure portions provided with blades at the final stage thereof having a length not less than 30 inches, wherein a steam temperature at first stage blades is 530.degree. C., a ratio (L/D) of a length (L) defined between bearings of the rotor shaft to a diameter (D) measured between the terminal ends of final stage blades is 1.4 to 2.3. This rotor shaft is composed of heat resisting steel containing by weight 0.15 to 0.4 % C, not more than 0.1 % Si, 0.05 to 0.25 % Mn, 1.5 to 2.5 % Ni, 0.8 to 2.5 % Cr, 0.8 to 2.5 % Mo and 0.15 to 0.35 % V and, further, the heat resisting steel may contain at least one of Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Al, Zr, B, Ca, and rare earth elements.Type: GrantFiled: September 20, 1995Date of Patent: April 29, 1997Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.Inventors: Masao Siga, Yutaka Fukui, Mitsuo Kuriyama, Yoshimi Maeno, Masateru Suwa, Ryoichi Kaneko, Takeshi Onoda, Hidefumi Kajiwara, Yasuo Watanabe, Shintaro Takahashi, Toshimi Tan
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Patent number: 5622674Abstract: A tool steel composition including, expressed by weight: 2.5% to 5.8% Cr, not more than 1.3% V, not more than 0.8% Si, with an Mo content lying in the range 0.75% to 1.75%, and not more than 0.35% Si, when the Mo content is 2.5% to 3.5%, with 0.3% to 0.4% by weight of C. Also disclosed is a method of preparing and of shaping such steels, as well as parts obtained thereby.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 1995Date of Patent: April 22, 1997Assignee: Aubert et Duval SAInventor: Jean Bourrat
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Patent number: 5616187Abstract: The invention provides a novel metallic composition and method of using the same. More particularly, the invention affords a tool steel and a method of heat treating the tool steel. In one of the preferred embodiments the tool steel includes about 0.50 to about 0.65 percent by weight carbon, about 0.095 to about 1.70 percent by weight manganese, up to about 0.030 percent by weight phosphorus, about 0.095 to about 0.200 percent by weight sulfur, about 1.10 to about 1.90 percent by weight chromium, about 0.10 to about 0.50 percent by weight nickel and about 0.20 to about 0.60 percent by weight copper. The tool steel of the present invention is preferably heat treated utilizing a heat treatment schedule that includes the steps of a preheat, austenization and a double temper.Type: GrantFiled: January 17, 1996Date of Patent: April 1, 1997Inventor: Jerry L. Nelson