Abstract: There is provided inexpensive maraging steel having high fatigue strength and maraging steel strip formed by use of the same. The maraging steel having high fatigue strength, consisting essentially, by mass, of not more than 0.008% C, from 0 inclusive but not more than 2.0% Si, from 0 inclusive but not more than 3.0% Mn, not more than 0.010% P, not more than 0.005% S, 12 to 22% Ni, 3.0 to 7.0% Mo, less than 7.0% Co, not more than 0.1% Ti, not more than 2.0% Al, less than 0.005% N, not more than 0.0033% O (oxygen), and the balance substantially Fe, a total amount of (3Si+1.8Mn+Co/3+Mo+2.6Ti+4Al) being in a range of 8.0 to 13.0%.

Abstract: An ultra-high strength, weldable, low alloy steel with excellent cryogenic temperature toughness in the base plate and in the heat affected zone (HAZ) when welded, having a tensile strength greater than about 830 MPa (120 ksi) and a microstructure comprising (i) predominantly fine-grained lower bainite, fine-grained lath martensite, fine granular bainite (FGB), or mixtures thereof, and (ii) up to about 10 vol % retained austenite, is prepared by heating a steel slab comprising iron and specified weight percentages of some or all of the additives carbon, manganese, nickel, nitrogen, copper, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, niobium, vanadium, titanium, aluminum, and boron; reducing the slab to form plate in one or more passes in a temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; finish rolling the plate in one or more passes in a temperature range below the austenite recrystallization temperature and above the Ar3 transformation temperature; quenching the finish rolled plate to a suitable Quench Stop Temperat

Abstract: A high-tensile-strength steel having excellent toughness throughout its thickness, excellent properties at welded joints, and a tensile strength (TS) of at least about 900 MPa (130 ksi), and a method for making such steel, are provided. Steels according to this invention preferably have the following composition based on % by weight: carbon (C): 0.02% to 0.1%; silicon (Si): not greater than 0.6%; manganese (Mn): 0.2% to 2.5%; nickel (Ni): 0.2% to 1.2%; niobium (Nb): 0.01% to 0.1%; titanium (Ti): 0.005% to 0.03%; aluminum (Al): not greater than 0.1%; nitrogen (N): 0.001% to 0.006%; copper (Cu): 0% to 0.6%; chromium (Cr): 0% to 0.8%; molybdenum (Mo): 0% to 0.6%; vanadium (V): 0% to 0.1%; boron (B): 0% to 0.0025%; and calcium (Ca): 0% to 0.006%. The value of Vs as defined by Vs=C+(Mn/5)+5P−(Ni/10)−(Mo/15)+(Cu/10) is 0.15 to 0.42. P and S among impurities are contained in an amount of not greater than 0.015% and not greater than 0.003%, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alloy steel of high corrosion resistance to hot molten salts containing chlorides and/or alkali oxides. The alloy steel is manufactured from a composition comprising 20-40 weight % of Ni, 0-8 weight % of Cr, 0.05 weight % or less of C, 0.5 weight % or less of Si, 1.0 weight % or less of Mn, 0.05 weight % or less of S, and the balance of Fe to total weight. With a low Cr content, the alloy steel is superb in the corrosion resistance to chloride and/or alkali oxide-containing molten salts, including LiCl—Li2O. Also, the alloy steel shows stable corrosion resistance to molten salts even at high temperature as well as low temperature in addition to being superior to workability. Thus, the alloy steel can be processed into plates, bars or pipes which are used for structural materials and structural components for treating molten salts.

Abstract: A hot rolled steel sheet with improved formability and producing method therefor, which can be easily produced with general hot strip mills, having less anisotropy of mechanical properties and final ferrite grain diameter of less than 2 &mgr;m that could not be achieved by the prior art. The hot rolled steel sheet comprises a ferrite phase as a primary phase, and has an average ferrite grain diameter of less than 2 &mgr;m, with the ferrite grains having an aspect ratio of less than 1.5. The hot rolled steel sheet is obtained by carried out a reduction process under a dynamic recrystallization conditions through reduction passes of not less than 5 stands in the hot finish rolling.

Abstract: A high-strength low-thermal-expansion alloy consisting of, by weight, 0.06 to 0.50% C, 25 to 65% in total of one or both of 65% or less Co and less than 30% Ni, and balance of Fe as a main component, other optional elements and unavoidable impurities, and having a primary phase of austenite phase and martensite phase induced by working. A wire is made from the alloy.

Abstract: Process components, containers, and pipes are provided that are constructed from ultra-high strength, low alloy steels containing less than 9 wt % nickel and having tensile strengths greater than 830 MPa (120 ksi) and DBTTs lower than about −73° C. (−100° F.).

Abstract: Pipeline distribution network systems arc provided for transporting pressurized liquefied natural gas at a pressure of about 1035 kPa (150 psia) to about 7590 kPa (1100 psia) and at a temperature of about −123° C. (−190° F.) to about −62° C. (−80° F.). Pipes and other components of the pipeline distribution network systems are constructed from an ultra-high strength, low alloy steel containing less than 9 wt % nickel and having a tensile strength greater than 830 MPa (120 ksi) and a DBTT lower than about −73° C. (−100° F.).

Abstract: A planar ferromagnetic sputter target is provided for use as cathode in the magnetron sputtering of magnetic thin films, wherein the ferromagnetic material has localized regions of differing magnetic permeability. A solid, unitary, planar sputter target is formed from a ferromagnetic material, such as cobalt, nickel, iron or an alloy thereof, and this planar target is subjected to mechanical deformation, heat treatment, and/or thermal-mechanical treatment to create regions within the sputter target having different permeability than adjacent regions. The permeability differences in the ferromagnetic sputter target guides the path of the magnetic flux flow through the target to thereby increase the magnetic leakage flux at the target sputtering surface.

Abstract: A method of making a weathering grade steel plate includes the steps of establishing a minimum yield strength:plate thickness target from one of 50 KSI:up to 4″, 65 KSI:up to 1.5″, and 70 KSI:up to 1.25″. A modified weathering grade alloy composition is cast into a slab employing effective levels of manganese, carbon, niobium, vanadium, nitrogen, and titanium. The cast slab is heated and rough rolled to an intermediate gauge plate. The intermediate gauge plate is controlled rolled and subjected to one of air cooling or accelerated cooling depending on the minimum yield strength and thickness target. With the controlled alloy chemistry, rolling and cooling, the final gauge plate exhibits discontinuous yielding and can be used for applications requiring a 70 KSI minimum yield strength in plate thicknesses up to 1.25″, a 65 KSI minimum yield strength in plate thickness up to 1.50″ and a 50 KSI minimum yield strength for plates as thick as 4″.

Abstract: High-tensile-strength steel having excellent arrestability and a TS of not less than 900 MPa, as well as a method of manufacturing the same. The steel of the invention has the following composition (% by weight): C: 0.02% to 0.1%; Si: not greater than 0.6%; Mn: 0.2% to 2.5%; Ni: greater than 1.2% but not greater than 2.5%; Nb: 0.01% to 0.1%; Ti: 0.005% to 0.03%; N: 0.001% to 0.006%; Al: not greater than 0.1%; and optional elements. Ceq of the B-free steel is 0.53-0.7%, and Ceq of the B-bearing steel is 0.4-0.58%. The microstructure of the steel may be a mixed structure of martensite (M) and lower bainite (LB) occupying at least 90 vol. % in the microstructure, LB occupying at least 2 vol. % in the mixed structure, and the aspect ratio of prior austenite grains is not less than 3.

Abstract: An INVAR.RTM. or iron nickel alloy or iron nickel cobalt alloy wire has an area ratio of carbide existing at the grain boundaries of the wire in the finished wire of at most 4%, or an average grain size in the transverse direction within a range of 1 to 5 .mu.m. Such a wire has a superior twisting property.

Abstract: An ultra-high strength, weldable, low alloy, triple phase steel with excellent cryogenic temperature toughness in the base plate and in the heat affected zone (HAZ) when welded, having a tensile strength greater than about 830 MPa (120 ksi) and a microstructure comprising a ferrite phase, a second phase of predominantly lath martensite and lower bainite, and a retained austenite phase, is prepared by heating a steel slab comprising iron and specified weight percentages of some or all of the additives carbon, manganese, nickel, nitrogen, copper, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, niobium, vanadium, titanium, aluminum, and boron; reducing the slab to form plate in one or more passes in a temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; further reducing the plate in one or more passes in a temperature range below the austenite recrystallization temperature and above the Ar.sub.3 transformation temperature; finish rolling the plate between the Ar.sub.3 transformation temperature and the Ar.sub.

Abstract: A maraging steel containing the following: Ni 14-23 wt. %, Mo 4-13 wt. %, Al 1-3.5 wt. %, C.ltoreq.0.01 wt. %, remainder Fe and impurities resulting from the processing. The composition also preferably satisfies the following conditions:Ni+Mo=23-27 wt. %, inclusively;Ni+2.5.times.Mo+2.3.times.Al.gtoreq.38 wt. %.

Abstract: This invention is to provide a steel sheet for 2-piece battery cans, which has excellent formability in DI molding to give thin-walled, side body parts, and, more preferably, a steel sheet for 2-piece battery cans, which, after having been formed into cans, has high mechanical strength and excellent anti-secondary work embrittlement with excellent corrosion resistance. The steel sheet for 2-piece battery cans of the invention contains S and O (where O is the total oxygen content) while satisfying the conditions that S is from 0.005 to 0.015 wt. %, preferably from 0.005 to 0.012 wt. %, that 0 is from 0 to 0.0025 wt. % and that [S/10+O].ltoreq.0.0035 wt. %, preferably [S/10 +0].ltoreq.0.0030 wt. %. More preferably, the steel sheet contains B of from 0.0005 to 0.0015 wt. % while satisfying 0.2.ltoreq.B/N.ltoreq.1.0, or contains either one or both of Cr of being from 0.03 to 0.10 wt. % and Ni of being from 0.01 to 0.10 wt. %, the total of the two being not larger than 0.10 wt. %.

Abstract: A low alloy steel for use in building up industrial components subjected to service conditions requiring good impact toughness, resistance to tempering, and resistance to temper embrittlement, for example, for use as a build up layer for steel mill caster rolls and a submerged arc welding wire for deposition thereof. The composition of low alloy steel has less than about 0.1% C by weight, between about 1.5% and about 5.0% Ni by weight, and between about 0.5% and about 3.0% Mo by weight. Vanadium, Cr, and other carbide-formers are excluded from the low alloy steel sufficiently to avoid any significant precipitation of carbides upon deposition of the low alloy steel by welding onto an industrial component.

Abstract: A container is provided for storing pressurized liquefied natural gas at a pressure of about 1035 kPa (150 psia) to about 7590 kPa (1100 psia) and at a temperature of about -123.degree. C. (-190.degree. F.) to about -62.degree. C. (-80.degree. F.). The container is constructed from an ultra-high strength, low alloy steel containing less than 9 wt % nickel and having a tensile strength greater than 830 MPa (120 ksi) and a DBTT lower than about -73.degree. C. (-100.degree. F.).

Abstract: A maraging steel preferably without cobalt, having the following chemical composition: Ni 18-23 wt. %, Mo 4.5-8 wt. %, Ti 1-2 wt. %, Al 0-0.3 wt. %, C.ltoreq.0.01 wt. %, remainder Fe and impurities. The composition also preferably satisfies the following conditions:Ni+Mo=23-27 wt. %, inclusively;Ni+3.times.Mo+20.times.Ti+10.times.Al.gtoreq.60 wt. %.

Abstract: A high-strength oil-tempered steel wire with excellent spring fabrication property that is made of spring low-alloy steel, having a decarburized layer of reduced hardness extending to a depth of not greater than 200 .mu.m from the wire surface, a wire surface hardness in the range from an Hv (Vickers hardness) of 420 to an Hv of 50 below the Hv of the wire interior, and an Hv at the interior of the wire beyond the depth of the decarburized layer of not less than 550. The spring low-alloy steel can preferably comprise, in weight percent, 0.45-0.80% C, 1.2-2.5% Si, 0.5-1.5% Mn, 0.5-2.0% Cr and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: An ultra-high strength, weldable, low alloy, dual phase steel with excellent cryogenic temperature toughness in the base plate and in the heat affected zone (HAZ) when welded, having a tensile strength greater than 830 MPa (120 ksi) and a microstructure comprising a ferrite phase and a second phase of predominantly lath martensite and lower bainite, is prepared by heating a steel slab comprising iron and specified weight percentages of some or all of the additives carbon, manganese, nickel, nitrogen, copper, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, niobium, vanadium, titanium, aluminum, and boron; reducing the slab to form plate in one or more passes in a temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; further reducing the plate in one or more passes in a temperature range below the austenite recrystallization temperature and above the Ar.sub.3 transformation temperature; finish rolling the plate between the Ar.sub.3 transformation temperature and the Ar.sub.

Abstract: High-tensile-strength steel having excellent arrestability and a TS of not less than 900 MPa, as well as a method of manufacturing the same. The steel of the invention has the following composition (% by weight): C: 0.02% to 0.1%; Si: not greater than 0.6%; Mn: 0.2% to 2.5%; Ni: greater than 1.2% but not greater than 2.5%; Nb: 0.01% to 0.1%; Ti: 0.005% to 0.03%; N: 0.001% to 0.006%; Al: not greater than 0.1%; and optional elements. Ceq of the B-free steel is 0.53-0.7%, and Ceq of the B-bearing steel is 0.4-0.58%. The microstructure of the steel may be a mixed structure of martensite (M) and lower bainite (LB) occupying at least 90 vol. % in the microstructure, LB occupying at least 2 vol. % in the mixed structure, and the aspect ratio of prior austenite grains is not less than 3.

Abstract: A high-strength heavy-wall H-shaped steel is excellent in Z-direction toughness at the flange thickness center. The heavy-wall H-shaped steel is comprised of by weight from about 0.05 to 0.18% C, up to about 0.60% Si, from about 1.00% to about 1.80% Mn, up to about 0.020% P, under 0.004% S, from 0.016% to 0.050% Al, from 0.04% to 0. 15% V, and from 0.0070% to 0.0200% N, and one or more of from about 0.02% to about 0.60% Cu, from about 0.02% to about 0.60% Ni, from about 0.02% to about 0.50% Cr, and from about 0.01% to about 0.20% Mo; and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. Also, (V.times.N)/S.gtoreq.0.150; the Ti content is within a range satisfying 0.002.ltoreq.Ti.ltoreq.1.38.times.N-8.59.times.10.sup.-4 ; Ceq (=C+Si/24+Mn/6+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/4+V/14) is within a range of from about 0.36 wt % to about 0.45 wt %, and the yield strength is at least 325 MPa.

Abstract: A surface-hardened chain comprises a plurality of connected chain links, each of which links is made from a killed steel having a specified chemical composition and comprises a surface-hardened layer of a high carbon tempered martensite structure and a core layer of a low carbon tempered martensite structure.

Abstract: A Fe--Ni based alloy sheet having superior surface characteristic and superior etchability, essentially consisting, by weight, of 30 to 50% nickel, 0.05 to 0.5% manganese, 0.001 to 0.02% silicon, not more than 0.0015% aluminum, not more than 150 ppm oxygen, and the balance iron and incidental impurities, the value of Mn content(weight %)/Si content (weight %) being not less than 20. Preferably, silicon content is 0.001 to 0.01%, aluminum being not more than 0.0005%, oxygen being not more than 90 ppm, sulfur which is one of important impurities being not more than 0.005%, and boron which is one of important impurities being not more than 0.005%.

Abstract: An Fe--Ni alloy for use as a part 10 of an electron-gun 4 is press-blanked by a punch to form minute apertures 10a, 10b, 10c for passing an electron beam 3. The burrs 10 formed around the minute apertures 10a, 10b, 10c are detrimental to such part 4. The Fe--Ni alloy according to the present invention essentially consists of from 30 to 55 wt % of Ni, not more than 0.5 wt % of Si, not more than 1.5 wt % of Mn, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. The alloy includes from 10 to 1,000 of A type or B type non-metallic inclusions of 10 .mu.m or more in length per 1 mm.sup.2 of longitudinal cross section, and from 100 to 50,000 of C type non-metallic inclusions having a diameter of 5 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: Fe--Ni alloys for electron gun parts consisting of, all by weight, 30-55% Ni, 0.0010-0.200% S, up to 0.8% Mn, from not less than 0.005 to less than 0.5% in total of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Mg, Ce and Ca, and the balance substantially Fe and unavoidable impurities, and electron gun parts, typically electron gun electrodes, made of the alloys by punching are provided. Controlling the grain size number to No. 7.0 or above is also effective. The Fe--Ni alloys of this invention for electron gun parts are remarkably improved in press punchability and can solve burring problems through the easy formation of sulfide inclusions of Ti, Mg, Ce, and Ca.

Abstract: High strength steel is produced by a first rolling of a steel composition, reheated above 1100.degree. C., above the austenite recrystallization, a second rolling below the austenite recrystallization temperature, water cooling from above Ar.sub.3 to less than 400.degree. C. and followed by tempering below the Ac.sub.1 transformation point.

Abstract: Leached nanocrystalline materials having a high specific surface are particularly useful for storing hydrogen or as catalysts or electrocatalysts in the manufacture electrodes, especially for fuel cells. Such materials can be manufactured by preparing a nanocrystalline material consisting of a metastable composite or alloy of at least two different chemical elements. To be nanocrystalline, this material must have a crystalline structure with the grain size lower than 100 nm. Then, the so prepared nanocrystalline material can be subjected to a leaching treatment in order to eliminate partially or totally one of the elements of the composite or alloy. This leaching results in nanocrystalline materials having a porous structure and, thereby, the requested high specific surface.

Abstract: This invention adds elements such as Cu, B, Cr, Ca, V, etc., to a low carbon-high Mn--Ni--Mo-trace Ti type steel, and allows the steel to have a tempered martensite/bainite mixed structure containing at least 60% of tempered martensite transformed from un-recrystallized austenite having a mean austenite grain size (d.gamma.) of not greater than 10 .mu.m as a micro-structure, or a tempered martensite structure containing at least 90% of martensite transformed from un-recrystallized austenite. The present invention further stipulates a P value to the range of 1.9 to 4.0 and thus provides a ultra-high strength steel having a tensile strength of at least 950 MPa (not lower than 100 of the API standard) and excellent in low temperature toughness, HAZ toughness and field weldability in cold districts.

Abstract: A high-strength thin plate, such as for IC lead frames, of an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy which is able to withstand repeated bending and is corrosion resistance and etchable, the alloy containing 27 to 30 wt. % N:, 5 to 18 wt. % Co, 0.10 to 3.0 wt. % Mn, 0.10 wt. % or less Si, 0.010 to 0.075 wt. % C, 0.001 to 0.014 wt. % N, less than 2.0 ppm H, 0.0040 wt. % or less S, 0.004 wt. % or less P, 0.0050 wt. % or less O, 0.01 to 0.06 wt. % Cr, 0.01 to 1.0 wt. % Mo and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities wherein 63.5 wt. %.ltoreq.2Ni+Co+Mn.ltoreq.65 wt. % for Co<10 wt. % and 69.5 wt. %.ltoreq.2Ni+Co+Mn.ltoreq.74.5 wt. % for Co>10 wt. %.

Abstract: Steel useful for the manufacture of molds for the injection molding of plastics, the chemical composition of which includes, by weight: 0.03%.ltoreq.C.ltoreq.0.25%, 0%.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.0.2%, 0%.ltoreq.Mn.ltoreq.0.9%, 1.5%.ltoreq.Ni.ltoreq.5%, 0%.ltoreq.Cr.ltoreq.18%, 0.05%.ltoreq.Mo+W/2.ltoreq.1%, 0%.ltoreq.S.ltoreq.0.3%, at least one element chosen from Al and Cu in contents of between 0.5% and 3%, optionally 0.0005%.ltoreq.B.ltoreq.0.015%, optionally at least one element taken from V, Nb, Zr, Ta and Ti, in contents of between 0% and 0.3%, optionally at least one element taken from Pb, Se, Te and Bi, in contents of between 0% and 0.3%, the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the processing, especially nitrogen; the chemical composition additionally satisfying the relations: Kth=3.8.times.C+9.8.times.Si+3.3.times.Mn+2.4.times.Ni+.alpha..times.Cr+1. 4.times.(Mo+W/2).ltoreq.15, with .alpha.=1.4 if Cr<8% and .alpha.=0 if Cr.gtoreq.8%; Tr=3.8.times.C+1.07.times.Mn+0.7.times.Ni+0.57.times.Cr+1.

Abstract: A powder of an alloy of Ni and Mg, La, Be or Li, consisting of crystallites having a grain size lower than 100 nm and a crystalline structure allowing hydrogen absorption. This powder which is preferably obtained by mechanical grinding, may consist of cristallites of Mg.sub.2 Ni, LaNi.sub.5 or of Ni-based alloys of Be or Li having a grain size lower than 100 nm. The powder may also consist of cristallites of formula Mg.sub.2-x Ni.sub.1+x, x ranging from -0.3 to +0.3, which have a grain size lower than 100 nm, and preferably lower than 30 nm. This crystalline powder is particularly useful for storing and transporting hydrogen. Indeed, it has been discovered that such Ni-based nanocrystalline powder requires no or only one single activation treatment at low temperature to absorb hydrogen. It has also been discovered that the kinetic of absorption and diffusion of hydrogen within the powder is much faster. This can be explained by the presence of a large number of grain boundaries.

Abstract: An ultra-high strength low yield ratio line pipe steel has an excellent HAZ toughness and field weldability and has a tensile strength of at least 950 MPa (exceeding X100 of the API standard). The steel is of a low carbon-high Mn-Ni-Mo-Nb-trace Ti type selectively containing B, Cu, Cr and V, whenever necessary. Its micro-structure comprises a martensite/bainite and ferrite soft/hard two-phase mixed structure having a ferrite fraction of 20 to 90%. This ferrite contains 50 to 1000 of worked ferrite, and the ferrite grain size is not greater than 5 Am. The production of an ultra-high strength low yield ratio line pipe steel (exceeding X100) excellent in low temperature toughness and field weldability becomes possible. As a result, the safety of a pipeline can be remarkably improved, and execution efficiency and transportation efficiency of the pipeline can be drastically improved.

Abstract: A semiconductor heterojunction material includes a heterojunction configured by successively overlaying first, middle and third layers of semiconductor, some or all of the constituent elements of the first and third layers being different and the middle layer containing all elements contained in the first and third layers.

Abstract: When compound semiconductor films are grown on an InP wafer having a surface near a (100) orientation hillocks tend to arise on the films. Off-angle wafers have been adopted for substrates in order to suppress the occurrence of hillocks. The off-angle .THETA. from a (100) plane, however, is not the sole factor for determing wheather hillocks will be formed on the film. There is a concealed parameter which determines the generation of hillocks. What induces hillocks on the growing film are the defects on the substrate itself. No hillocks originate on portions of the film that correspond to the portions of the InP wafer without dislocations. The role of the off-angle .THETA. of the substrate is preventing the influence of the dislocations from transmitting to the films. A smaller density D of the defects on the substrate allows a smaller off-angle .THETA. for suppressing the hillocks from arising.

Abstract: In a high strength, low thermal expansion alloy wire, particularly used as the material for central section wire of low relaxation, overhead power transmission line, the number of rupture twisting is improved with retaining desired tensile strength (100 kgf/mm.sup.2), elongation (1.5% or more) and linear thermal expansion coefficient (average in the range of room temperature to 300.degree. C., .alpha.<5.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree. C.). The wire is made of an Fe-Ni-based alloy of specifically selected alloy composition. Process for preparing the wire comprises, hot rolling the alloy material, peeling the rolled wire, cold drawing, annealing and surface coating the drawn wire. The above improvement can be achieved by carrying the hot wire rolling under such conditions that the quantity of intergranular precipitations is up to 2% and/or that the averaged crystal grain size in the rolling direction is in the range of 5-70 .mu.m, at finishing the hot wire rolling.

Abstract: A thin Fe--Ni alloy sheet for shadow mask consists essentially of Ni of 34 to 38 wt. %, Si of 0.05 wt. % or less, B of 0.0005 wt. % or less, O of 0.002 wt. % or less and N of 0.0015% or less, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; said alloy sheet after annealing before press-forming having 0.2% proof stress of 28.5 kgf/mm.sup.2 or less; and a degree of {211} plane on a surface of said alloy sheet being 16% or less. And further modified similar alloy sheets are also provided.Further, a method for producing a thin Fe--Ni alloy sheet for shadow mask comprises the steps of: (a) hot-rolling of a slab into a hot-rolled alloy strip; (b) hot-rolled sheet annealing of the hot-rolled strip at 910 to 990.degree. C.; (c) cold-rolling of the annealed hot-rolled strip into a cold-rolled strip; (d) recrystallization annealing of the cold-rolled strip; (e) finish cold-rolling of the recrystallization annealed strip at a finish cold reduction ratio in response to austenite grain size D(D.mu.

Abstract: A high-strength steel sheet suitable for deep drawing, characterized by comprising 0.04 to 0.25 mass % of C and 0.3 to 3.0 mass %, in total, of at least one of Si and Al, the steel sheet having multiple phases structure comprising ferrite as a main phase (a phase having the highest volume fraction), not less than 3 vol. % of austenite, and bainite and martensite; said steel satisfying a requirement that a value obtained by dividing volume fraction of Vg (vol. %) of austenite before working by the content of C (mass %) contained in the whole steel, Vg/C, is 40 to 140, a requirement that Vp (volume fraction of austenite at the time of plane strain tensile deformation)/Vs (volume fraction of austenite at the time of shrink flanging deformation) is not more than 0.

Abstract: An alloy sheet having a pierced hole face and providing a desirable etching performance, comprising {331}, {210}, and {211} planes on the surface; the gathering degree of the {311} plane being 14% or less, the gathering degree of the {210} plane being 14% or less, and the gathering degree of the {211} plane being 14% or less; and the ratio of the gathering degrees expressed by the equation {210}/({331}+{211}) being 0.2 to 1. An alloy sheet having a pierced hole face providing a desirable etching performance, comprising planes of {111}, {100}, {110}, {311}, {331}, {210} and {211}; the gathering degree of the {111} plane, S.sub.1, being 1 to 10%, the gathering degree of the {100} plane, S.sub.2, being 50 to 94%, the gathering degree of the {110} plane, S.sub.3, being 1 to 24%, the gathering degree of the {311} plane, S.sub.4, being 1 to 14%, the gathering degree of the {331} plane, S.sub.5, being 1 to 14%, the gathering degree of the {210} plane, S.sub.

Abstract: A thin Fe--Ni alloy sheet for shadow mask consists essentially of Ni of 34 to 38 wt. %, Si of 0.05 wt. % or less, B of 0.0005 wt. % or less, O of 0.002 wt. % or less and N of 0.0015 % or less, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; said alloy sheet after annealing before press-forming having 0.2% proof stress of 28.5 kgf/mm.sup.2 or less; and a degree of {211} plane on a surface of said alloy sheet being 16% or less. And further modified similar alloy sheets are also provided.Further, a method for producing a thin Fe--Ni alloy sheet for shadow mask comprises the steps of: (a) hot-rolling of a slab into a hot-rolled alloy strip; (b) hot-rolled sheet annealing of the hot-rolled strip at 910.degree. to 990.degree. C.; (c) cold-rolling of the annealed hot-rolled strip into a cold-rolled strip; (d) recrystallization annealing of the cold-rolled strip; (e) finish cold-rolling of the recrystallization annealed strip at a finish cold reduction ratio in response to austenite grain size D(D.mu.

Abstract: An alloy sheet for making a shadow mask consists essentially of 34 to 38 wt. % Ni, 0.07 wt. % or less Si, 0.001 wt. % or less B, 0.003 wt. % or less O, 0.002 wt. % or less N, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.The alloy sheet has an average austenite grain size (Dav) of 10.5 to 15.0 .mu.m, a ratio of a maximum size to the minimum size of austenite grains (Dmax/Dmin) of 1 to 15, a Vickers hardness (Hv) of 165 to 220 and satisfying a relation of10.times.Dav+80.gtoreq.Hv.gtoreq.10.times.Dav+50;and gathering degree of crystal planes on said alloy sheet surface of14% or less for {111} plane,5 to 75% for {100} plane,5 to 40% for {110} plane,20% or less for {311} plane,20% or less for {331} plane,20% or less for {210} plane, and20% or less for {211} plane.

Abstract: A method of treating low-expansion Fe--Ni--Co superalloys is disclosed in which the alloys are forged at a temperature below the recrystallization temperature and then recrystallized without the use of intervening annealing steps. It is necessary that the warm forging step introduce sufficient strain throughout the Fe--Ni--Co superalloy such that after recrystallizing, the superalloy has a substantially uniform microstructure. Alloys produced by this method exhibit good hydrogen charging embrittlement resistance, good strength and/or rupture ductility in moist air.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spring steel for a high corrosion resistant and high strength, which exhibits an excellent drawability without softening heat treatment after hot rolling, and which has a strength of 1900 MPa or more by quenching and tempering and an excellent corrosion resistance. The spring steel contains elements of C, Si, Mn and Cr, and elements of Ni and/or Mo in suitable amounts, the balance being essentially Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the elements satisfy the following requirement:2.5.ltoreq.(FP).ltoreq.4.52.0.ltoreq.(FP/log D).ltoreq.4.0where D is a diameter (mm) of the rolled material, and FP=(0.23[C]+0.1).times.(0.7[Si]+1).times.(3.5[Mn]+1).times.(2.2[Cr]+1).tim es.(0.4[Ni]+1).times.(3[Mo]+1) in which [element] represents mass % of the element.

Abstract: A thin Fe-Ni alloy sheet for shadow mask consists essentially of Ni of 34 to 38 wt. %, Si of 0.05 wt. % or less, B of 0.0005 wt. % or less, 0 of 0.002 wt. % or less and N of 0.0015% or less, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; said alloy sheet after annealing before press-forming having 0.2% proof stress of 28.5 kgf/mm.sup.2 or less; and a degree of {211} plane on a surface of said alloy sheet being 16% or less. And further modified similar alloy sheets are also provided.Further, a method for producing a thin Fe-Ni alloy sheet for shadow mask comprises the steps of: (a) hot-rolling of a slab into a hot-rolled alloy strip; (b) hot-rolled sheet annealing of the hot-rolled strip at 910.degree. to 990.degree. C.; (c) cold-rolling of the annealed hot-rolled strip into a cold-rolled strip; (d) recrystallization annealing of the cold-rolled strip; (e) finish cold-rolling of the recrystallization annealed strip at a finish cold reduction ratio in response to austenite grain size D(D .mu.

Abstract: A steel plate having a high toughness, low yield ratio and high fatigue strength is provided by preserving the fine metallographical microstructure of martensite or bainite while austenitizing extremely fine portions of the microstructure, and during cooling, dispersing the portions as martensite, retained austenite, cementite or mixture thereof in a tempered martensite or tempered bainite phase.

Abstract: A semiconductor epitaxial substrate and a process for producing the same, the semiconductor epitaxial substrate comprising a GaAs single-crystal substrate having thereon an In.sub.y Ga.sub.(1-y) As (0<y.ltoreq.1) crystal layer as a channel layer, the composition and the thickness of the In.sub.y Ga.sub.(1-y) As layer being in the ranges within the elastic deformation limit of crystals constituting the In.sub.y Ga.sub.(1-y) As layer and the vicinity of the In.sub.y Ga.sub.(1-y) As layer, the semiconductor epitaxial substrate further comprising a semiconductor layer between the channel layer and an electron donating layer for supplying electrons to the channel layer, the semiconductor layer having a thickness of from 0.5 to 5 nm and a bandgap width within the range of from the bandgap width of GaAs to the bandgap width of the electron donating layer.

Abstract: An Fe--Ni alloy cold-rolled sheet excellent in cleanliness and etching pierceability prepared as specified in the claims, which consists essentially of: 30 to 45 wt. % nickel, 0.1 to 1 wt. % manganese, 0.003 to 0.03 wt. % aluminum and the balance being iron and incidental impurities comprising up to 0.4 wt. % silicon, up to 0.1 wt. % chromium, up to 0.005 wt. % carbon, up to 0.005 wt. % nitrogen, up to 0.005 wt. % sulfur, up to 0.010 wt. % phosphorus, up to 0.002 wt. % oxygen, and up to 0.002 wt. % as converted into oxygen for non-metallic inclusions. The non-metallic inclusions contain at least CaO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and MgO, and the composition thereof is in a region of a melting point of at least 1,600.degree. C., which region is defined by the liquidus curve of 1,600.degree. C. in the CaO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --MgO ternary phase diagram. The non-metallic inclusions have a particle size of up to 6 .mu.m.

Abstract: In one form of the invention, a method for the growth of an epitaxial insulator-metal structure on a semiconductor surface comprising the steps of maintaining the semiconductor surface at a pressure below approximately 1.times.10.sup.-7 mbar, maintaining the semiconductor surface at a substantially fixed first temperature between approximately 25.degree. C. and 400.degree. C., depositing an epitaxial metal layer on the semiconductor surface, adjusting the semiconductor surface to a substantially fixed second temperature between approximately 25.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., starting a deposition of epitaxial CaF.sub.2 on the first metal layer, ramping the second temperature to a third substantially fixed temperature between 200.degree. C. and 500.degree. C. over a time period, maintaining the third temperature until the epitaxial CaF.sub.2 has deposited to a desired thickness, and stopping the deposition of epitaxial CaF.sub.2 on the first metal layer.

Abstract: A high strength low alloy steel having a yield strength of at least 100 ksi and a Charpy V-notch impact strength of at least 35 ft-lbs. at minus 84.degree. C. (minus 120.degree. F.) at thickness of up to 6 inches is provided wherein the steel consists essentially of an effective amount up to 0.036% carbon, for low temperature toughness up to 5% manganese, up to 1% silicon, up to 0.015% sulfur, 2 to 4% nickel, up to 2% copper, up to 0.1% niobium, and up to 0.1% aluminum, up to 4.% molybdenum, up to 4% chromium and the balance iron and incidental impurities and is characterized by low carbon bainite microstructure in the as-quenched condition.

Abstract: A suture or fixation wire having a relatively high degree of elasticity is utilized in suturing or fixation procedures in soft tissue or bone, with improvements in corrosion and breakage resistance and with reduction of tissue trauma. The wire is comprised of a medical grade low carbon content stainless steel, formed under low vacuum conditions in a substantially oxygen free environment and subsequently cold drawn into the wire configuration. The forming process provides the requisite flexibility and enhanced corrosion and breakage resistance without detrimentally affecting holding power. Alternatively, a cobalt-chromium or titanium wire is annealed or otherwise treated such as by modification of the chemical composition to reduce tensile strength by at least 10% for enhanced flexibility. The cobalt-chromium or titanium wire, though not as flexible as the low vacuum formed stainless steel, is preferably used in applications wherein a metal prosthesis has been implanted in the body.