Abstract: The present invention provides a nonwoven substrate comprising a fibrous web defining a surface; and a layer of a benefit agent wherein said benefit agent is selected from an additive composition, an enhancement component and combinations thereof; wherein said benefit agent is frothed and bonded to the fibrous web surface through a creping process. Additionally, the present invention provides for a method of creping a nonwoven substrate and also provides for a nonwoven substrate comprising an adhesive film of an aqueous, frothed, benefit agent.

Abstract: An adhesive tape comprising a transparent or semi-transparent substrate having a top surface, a bottom surface, and at least one non-linear shaped masking edge, the bottom surface of the substrate having an adhesive layer applied thereto, and a liner affixed to the adhesive layer. The shaped masking edge of the adhesive layer has a treatment material applied thereto. The liner is optionally a split liner. The method for making the adhesive tape having a shaped edge comprises obtaining a tape comprised of a transparent or semi-transparent substrate having a top surface, a bottom surface, and at least one non-linear shaped edge, the bottom surface of the substrate having an adhesive layer applied thereto, and applying a liner to the adhesive layer on the bottom surface of the substrate to form a combined tape structure.

Abstract: The subject invention provides for a weatherstrip assembly for sealing between a frame and a closure member of a vehicle. The assembly includes a trim portion having a body and a flange extending from the body. The flange is capable of moving between an initial position and a final position. A seal extends from the body for abutting and sealing the closure member. An adhesive is disposed on the body for coupling the trim portion to the frame. The adhesive is disposed opposite the seal such that the seal extends away from the adhesive. A retaining member is selectively mounted to the flange and spaced from the adhesive for selectively engaging the frame to selectively hold the flange in the initial position relative to the frame. The retaining member is removed from the flange while concurrently moving the flange toward the final position.

Abstract: An etalon includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate has a first protrusion that does not face the second substrate, and a first electrode pad is formed on the first protrusion, whereby connection reliability can be improved.

Abstract: The present patent application relates to a wafer support arrangement, comprising a wafer (1), a support layer system (5, 6) and a separating layer (4), which is arranged between the support layer system (5, 6) and the wafer (1), wherein the support layer system (5, 6) (i) comprises a support layer (6) and (ii) a layer (5) from a through hardened, partially hardened or hardenable elastomer material on the separating layer side or consists of these two layers and wherein the separating layer (4) (iii) is a plasma polymer layer and (iv) the adhesive bond between the support layer system (5, 6) and the separating layer (4), after the elastomer material has through hardened, is greater than the adhesive bond between the wafer (1) and the separating layer (4).

Abstract: A proposal is made for a label (1) which can be adhered to an article (5), more particularly to a beverage bottle, and can be detached again in a washing liquid at a washing temperature of at least 5O° C., in the form of a laminate at least with the following layers: a biaxially stretched polymeric film layer (9) which shrinks at the washing temperature, a printed decoration layer (11), and an adhesive layer (13), more particularly a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, for adhering the label (1) to the article (5). The polymeric film layer (9) is designed in such a way that in the laminate at the washing temperature within a maximum time span of less than 5 minutes, in particular less than 3 minutes, it attains degrees of contraction in its two stretching directions which differ from one another by less than 50% and are lower than 50%. As a result of this, whereas the adhesive force between the label (1) and the article (5) is high, the label (1) can be washed off from the article (5) without splitting.

Abstract: A method for preparing a composite fabric includes: casting a foamed liquid adhesive onto a smooth release-coated web; applying a fabric to the wet adhesive; fixing the adhesive to the fabric by drying; removing the release-coated web from the adhesive coated intermediate; depositing onto an embossed casting substrate a layer of liquid skin coat composition; applying the porous adhesive layer of the adhesive-coated intermediate to the wet skin layer; drying to fix the skin layer to the adhesive-coated intermediate; and separating the embossed casting substrate from the dried composite to provide the composite fabric. The resulting composite fabrics look and feel like soft shell composite fabrics.

Abstract: An adhesive fastening element (602) for holding a workpiece (608), the adhesive fastening element (602) comprising: a body (604, 606) defining a recess (642) for receiving a protrusion (644) of the workpiece (608); wherein, in use, adhesive is applied between an end surface of the recess (642) and an end surface of the protrusion (644) and between a side surface of the recess (642) and a side surface of the protrusion (644) to bond the workpiece (608) to the adhesive fastening element (602). The workpiece (608) may be aligned with a reference point on the adhesive fastening element (602) and the adhesive cured to fix the position of the workpiece (608) relative to the adhesive fastening element (602).

Abstract: A decorative stainless steel rolled sheet has an embossed pattern, suitable for use as a surface finish or an interior surface finish of products, wherein a thin stainless steel sheet subjected to surface treatment including nanoceramic coating or PVD ionic coating resulting in various colors and a release sheet alone or with a nonwoven fabric layer bonded thereto by means of a hot melt adhesive layer are embossed together and bonded to each other with the embossed pattern, thus exhibiting superior bonding strength, heat resistance, fire resistance, scratch resistance, shape stability, flexibility and wrinkling resistance. In the method of manufacturing such a decorative stainless steel rolled sheet, the rolled sheet can be mass produced at uniform quality using a continuous process.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards techniques and configurations for formation of a dielectric with a smooth surface. In one embodiment, a method includes providing a dielectric with first and second surfaces, a conductive feature formed on the first surface, and a laminate applied to the second surface, curing the second surface while the laminate remains applied, and removing the laminate. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a dynamically tunable structure including an elastic layer, and a plurality of ferromagnetic micropillars disposed over the elastic layer. The elastic layer may have an elasticity that is greater than an elasticity of the micropillars.

Abstract: A substrate laminating low film, a substrate laminated structure and a method of manufacturing an organic light emitting display are disclosed. One inventive aspect includes a base member, a first adhesion layer formed on the base member, and a second adhesion layer formed on the first adhesion layer. The second adhesion layer has a second adhesion strength less than the first adhesion strength of the first adhesion layer.

Abstract: A glass laminate, a display element, a display apparatus, a method of manufacturing the glass laminate, and a method of manufacturing the display panel. The glass laminate includes a carrier glass substrate; an intermediate layer stacked on the carrier glass substrate and formed of a material having a columnar grain structure; and a thin glass substrate stacked on the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An adhesive fastening element (802) for holding a workpiece (808), the adhesive fastening element (802) comprising: an outer member (804); and a consumable inner member (806) disposed inside the outer member (804) and releasably movable relative to the outer member (804) along a longitudinal axis of the adhesive fastening element (802); wherein the consumable inner member (806) comprises a bonding surface which, in use, is bonded by an adhesive (810) to the workpiece (808) and is removed and replaced to detach the workpiece (808) from the adhesive fastening element (802).

Abstract: A manufacturing method for an optical unit includes: a step of bonding plural lens wafers, on which optical components are formed, and forming a lens unit wafer including plural lens units; a step of bonding a bending optical element wafer including plural bending optical elements to a first surface of the lens unit wafer such that the plural bending optical elements are respectively opposed to the plural lens units and forming an optical unit wafer; and a step of separating and individualizing the optical unit wafer for each of the lens units and the bending optical elements and manufacturing plural optical units.

Abstract: A wiring board includes multiple insulation layers including an outermost insulation layer, a first conductive pattern formed between the insulation layers, a wiring structure positioned in the outermost insulation layer and having multiple first pads such that the first pads are positioned to connect multiple terminals of a first electronic component, respectively, and multiple second pads formed on the outermost insulation layer such that the second pads are positioned to connect terminals of a second electronic component, respectively, and are set at intervals which are greater than intervals of the first pads.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device by feeding carrier films from continuous rolls, respectively, and by bonding optical films, which are being peeled off or have been peeled off from the carrier films, respectively, to first and second panel surfaces of a liquid crystal panel, respectively, with a pressure-sensitive adhesive interposed therebetween so that the liquid crystal display device is obtained. The method includes: a first bonding step including bonding a first optical film to the first panel surface; a rotation step including rotating the liquid crystal panel; a second bonding step including bonding a second optical film to the first optical film; and a third bonding step including bonding a third optical film to the second panel surface of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating a first substrate and a second substrate which are in contact with each other, includes an upper transfer part which fixes the first substrate and transfers the first substrate in a positive X-axis direction in an XY coordinate system comprised of an X axis and an Y axis which perpendicularly intersect each other and a lower transfer part which is disposed under the upper transfer part with a gap therebetween and fixes and transfers the second substrate, wherein the lower transfer part comprises a first transfer section which transfers the second substrate in the positive X-axis direction, and a second transfer section which transfers the second substrate in the positive X-axis direction as well as a negative Y-axis direction.

Abstract: This disclosure features use of a paper or polymer film that includes a slip agent that can transfer to its surfaces. Once the paper or film is pressed against a glass sheet, this will leave a thin surface roughness of slip agent that can prevent or reduce glass surface scratches from other surfaces or particles during shipping or finishing (e.g., cutting to size, conveyance of glass), thereby improving the yield of glass shipments between glass forming plants and customers. The thin discontinuous layer of slip agent remaining on the glass surface can be washed off easily in subsequent washing processes. The paper or film can have the slip agent imbibed within the paper or coated on it as a surface member.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided where a parting agent is applied to at least one portion of a substrate. The at least one portion of the substrate is removed from a carrier.

Abstract: A method of transferring a plurality of metal foil labels from a metal foil strip onto a continuous film liner in spaced apart juxtapositions, the method comprising placing metal foil strips onto a continuous web to form an assembly of the strips and the web, feeding the foil strip assembly through a compression roller module, and then feeding the foil strip assembly to a rotary die cutting module to cut through said metal foil strip and portions of said web to form a plurality of metal foil labels.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adhesive film comprising a colored polyvinyl chloride film having opposite first and second major sides, the first major side having an adhesive layer protected by a release liner and a primer layer arranged between the colored polyvinyl chloride film and the adhesive layer, the primer layer comprising an aminoplast and a polyester and/or a curing product thereof and having a thickness of more than 10 microns, the second major side having a clear transparent top layer. Further provided is a use of the adhesive film in producing graphics on a substrate.

Abstract: A carrier substrate includes a dielectric layer, a first circuit layer, an insulation layer, conductive blocks, and a first conductive structure. The dielectric layer has a first surface, a second surface, and blind vias. The first circuit layer is embedded in the first surface and the blind vias extend from the second surface to the first circuit layer. The insulation layer is disposed on the first surface and has a third surface, a fourth surface, and first openings. The first openings expose the first circuit layer and an aperture of each first opening is increased gradually from the third surface to the fourth surface. The conductive blocks fill the first openings and connect with the first circuit layer. The first conductive structure includes conductive vias filling the blind vias and a second circuit layer disposed on a portion of the second surface.

Abstract: A microporous membrane having a polyolefin microporous membrane and a surfactant adhering to the polyolefin microporous membrane, wherein the surfactant includes a surfactant (A) having a solubility in 100 g of water of 5 g or more and a surfactant (B) having a solubility in 100 g of water of less than 0.1 g, the surfactants (A) and (B) are adhered in an amount of 1 to 40% by mass in total based on 100% by mass of the polyolefin microporous membrane, and the polyolefin microporous membrane has a tortuosity factor of more than 2.0.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for laminating an anisotropic conductive film on a flat display panel. The apparatus includes: a feeding device, a cutting device, a pressing device, and a collection device. The feeding device supplies an anisotropic conductive film. The anisotropic conductive film includes a film body and a release sheet laminated on the film body. The cutting device includes an ultrasonic cutter, which is arranged under the feeding device to cut off the film body of the anisotropic conductive film passing therethrough. The pressing device is arranged at one side of the cutting device to attach the film body of the anisotropic conductive film that has been cut off and is ready to laminate to the flat display panel. The collection device is arranged at one side of the pressing device that is away from the cutting device to collect the release sheet of the anisotropic conductive film.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing an object which involve a separation technique are provided. A first substrate provided with an object is attached to a second substrate and is then suction-fixed by using a suction chuck (also referred to as a suction stage or a vacuum chuck) including portions with different suction capabilities or by using its functional equivalent, and the second substrate is separated from the first substrate. Accordingly, the object is separated from the first substrate and transferred to the second substrate. An apparatus for achieving this is also provided. A substrate fixture surface of the suction chuck or its functional equivalent includes a plurality of portions provided with suction micro-holes and a portion provided with no holes. Owing to the plurality of portions provided with suction micro-holes, a plurality of objects can be transferred from the first substrate to the second substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a rigid-flexible printed circuit board including: providing a first flexible film having a first metal layer on one or both surfaces; forming a circuit pattern by patterning the first metal layer; forming a second flexible film, which has a second metal layer on one surface, on one or both surfaces of the first flexible film; forming a circuit pattern by patterning the second metal layer in a rigid domain R; providing an anti-oxidation protective layer on the second metal layer in a flexible domain F; laminating at least one circuit layer on the second flexible film; and removing the circuit layer in the flexible domain F.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating a cliché that can prevent formation of a defective thin film pattern, and a method for forming a thin film pattern using the same. The method for fabricating a cliché includes providing a base substrate having first and second regions, forming a first depressed pattern having a first depth and a first width at a first region, and a second depressed pattern having a second width greater than the first width and a depth the same with the first depth at a second region, forming a protective film for exposing the second region and covering the first region, the protective film having adhesivity, forming the second depressed pattern to have a second depth deeper than the first depth of the first depressed pattern at the first region by using the protective film having the adhesivity, and removing the protective film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a flexible device comprising: forming an adhesive layer on a support substrate; adhering a flexible substrate onto the adhesive layer; forming a device layer on the flexible substrate; and separating the support substrate from the flexible substrate, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer (SAM).

Abstract: Methods of forming garments having one or more stretchable conductive ink patterns. Described herein are method of making garments (including compression garments) having one or more highly stretchable conductive ink pattern formed of a composite of an insulative adhesive, a conductive ink, and an intermediate gradient zone between the adhesive and conductive ink. The conductive ink typically includes between about 40-60% conductive particles, between about 30-50% binder; between about 3-7% solvent; and between about 3-7% thickener. The stretchable conductive ink patterns may be stretched more than twice their length without breaking or rupturing.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flexible display substrate using a process film and a process film for manufacturing a flexible display substrate are provided. The method of manufacturing the flexible display substrate using the process film is as follows. A base layer for the flexible display substrate is prepared on a glass substrate. A packaging process is performed on the base layer to form a plurality of cells which are spaced apart from one another at a predetermined distance. The base layer is covered with the process film, after forming the plurality of cells. The base layer is separated from the glass substrate, while the base layer is laminated to the process film. The base layer is cut along each cell to form a plurality of flexible display substrates.

Abstract: Thermal removal of optical fiber coatings by insertion through heated ferrules to form ferrule assemblies for fiber optic connectors, and related assemblies are disclosed. An optical fiber includes a glass fiber, having a cladding and core, surrounded by a protective coating. By removing the coating at an end portion of the optical fiber, the end portion may be precisely positioned and secured within a ferrule to enable reliable optical communications. The coating may be thermally removed, or substantially thermally removed, by inserting the optical fiber through a rear opening of the ferrule which has been heated above a temperature sufficient to change the coating to a non-solid state. In this manner, the coating may be efficiently removed from the end portion of the optical fiber while being inserted into the ferrule bore of the ferrule to enable efficient forming of a ferrule assembly for a fiber optic connector.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device with a treated member, includes: subjecting an adhesive support having a substrate and an adhesive layer capable of increasing or decreasing in adhesiveness upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation to pattern exposure of the adhesive layer to provide a high adhesive region and a low adhesive region in the adhesive layer, adhering a first surface of a to-be-treated member to the adhesive layer of the adhesive support, applying a mechanical or chemical treatment to a second surface different from the first surface of the to-be-treated member to obtain a treated member, and detaching the first surface of the treated member from the adhesive layer of the adhesive support.

Abstract: The method for producing a electroconductive sheet having a substrate, in particular made of paper, and an electroconductive layer include the steps of: a/ preparing a multi-layer structure with an anti-adhesive coating inserted between a plastic film and a base layer, b/ cross-laminating the multi-layer structure and the substrate, and c/ removing the plastic film and the anti-adhesive coating from the base layer. The base layer is a layer of an electroconductive material or is covered with an electroconductive layer by an additional step consisting of: d1/ depositing an electroconductive film on the base layer; or d2/ printing the base layer with at least one ink having electrical properties, with the base layer being a printable layer with a binder base of which the rate is 15% greater in dry weight in relation to the total dry matter weight of this layer.

Abstract: A bond ply, comprising a first outer layer comprising a thermosetting composition and a filler composition; a second outer layer comprising a thermosetting composition and a filler composition that is of the same type as that of the first outer layer; and an intermediate layer disposed between the first and the second outer layers, and comprising a thermosetting composition and a filler composition that is of the same type as the first and second outer layers, wherein the thermosetting composition of the intermediate layer has a degree of cure that is greater than a degree of cure for each of the thermosetting compositions of the first and the second outer layers.

Abstract: Label application devices and methods of printing and applying labels are described herein. One label application device can comprise a feed component configured to deliver a sheet of label material to a position, a product identification component configured to identify a type of a product that is approaching the position, a printing component configured to print data onto the sheet of label material, the data based on the identified type of product, a stripping component configured to remove a liner portion of the sheet of label material from a label portion of the sheet, and an applicator component configured to apply the label portion to the product.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating a flexible color filter and a flexible color display device are provided. A bonding substrate is firstly provided. The bonding substrate includes a rigid supporting substrate and a carrier-free adhesive layer, in which the carrier-free adhesive layer is disposed on the rigid supporting substrate. Next, a flexible substrate is adhered on the carrier-free adhesive layer, and a color filter layer is then formed on the flexible substrate, so as to form a color filter module. Subsequently, a cooling process is performed to separate the flexible substrate from the bonding substrate, thereby obtaining the its flexible color filter.

Abstract: A combination of a carrier tape and electronic components for a tape and reel product feed, includes components arranged along the carrier tape held by an adhesive surface. Also, a dispensing device receives the carrier tape and includes a mechanism for peeling the components from the carrier tape onto a staging surface. The mechanism includes a gap and the carrier tape extends through the gap and the components are peeled from the carrier tape over the gap and onto the staging surface. A method is provided for carrying components on a tape using an adhesive surface and peeling the components off of the tape in a controlled fashion, one component after another, onto a staging surface for removal by a pick device.

Abstract: A method for making a carbon nanotube film is provided. First, a carbon nanotube array is formed on a grown substrate. The carbon nanotube array is pressed with a first substrate using a first pressing force to form a carbon nanotube film precursor. Then the first substrate and the grown substrate are separated, and the carbon nanotube film precursor is transferred onto the first substrate. After that, the carbon nanotube film precursor is pressed using a second substrate with a second pressing force. Lastly, the first substrate and the second substrate is separated, with part of the carbon nanotube precursor transferred to the second substrate to form the carbon nanotube film.

Abstract: Provided are a temporal fixation method in processing of optical members and a resin composition suitable therefore, which uses a composition which is characterized by containing the following (A3), (B3) and (D3), wherein (A3) is a urethane(meth)acrylate; (B3) is one or more (meth)acrylic acid derivative monomers selected from the group consisting of n-(meth)acryloyloxyalkyl hexahydrophthalimides, carboxyl group-containing (meth)acrylates and (meth)acrylic acid derivative monomers represented by the formula (C3): Z—O—(R2O)p—R1??Formula (C3): wherein Z represents a (meth)acryloyl group, R1 represents a phenyl group or a phenyl group having an alkyl group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R2 represents —C2H4—, —C3H6—, —CH2CH(CH3)—, —CH2CH(OH)CH2—, —C4H8— or —C6H12—, and p represents an integer of from 1 to 10; and D(3) is a photopolymerization initiator, along with methods for temporarily fixing a member.

Abstract: This disclosure, in one aspect, relates to a solution of polyamide including an aromatic polyamide and an amphiphilic solvent. This disclosure, in another aspect, relates to a solution of polyamide including an aromatic polyamide, an amphiphilic solvent, and an aprotic solvent. This disclosure, in another aspect, relates to a solution of aromatic polyamide for producing a display element, an optical element or an illumination element.

Abstract: A laminated film having a retardation layer A and a layer B that are formed through solvent co-casting is provided. The layer A has a thickness of 5 to 30 ?m. The layer B has a higher tensile modulus compared to the layer A. An interlayer peeling force between the layer A and the layer B is 0.05 to 5 N/cm. The laminated film overcomes the deterioration of handling property generally occurring with the reduction of film thickness in solvent casting method.

Abstract: An adhesive film laminate for wheel protection results from peelably laminating a plurality of sheets of adhesive film having an adhesive layer on one surface thereof. A pull-piece is formed protruding out from at least a portion of the edge of the laminated covered sections, and the covered sections of the plurality of adhesive films overlap each other at approximately the same position. A cover material that covers the covered section of the surface sheet of adhesive film is peelably pasted to an adhesive agent layer at one surface of the surface sheet of adhesive film, and adjacent pull-pieces of at least a portion of the laminated adhesive films are laminated having an overlapping portion at all or a portion of the facing surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid ejecting head including a laminate formed of a flow path substrate having a flow path communicating with nozzle openings that eject a liquid, a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode, the method including stacking the first electrode, the piezoelectric material, the second electrode, and a reinforcing member on top of one another to form a laminate; heating the laminate to form a piezoelectric layer made of the piezoelectric material; bonding the laminate to the flow path substrate on a first electrode side; and removing the reinforcing member.

Abstract: Microwave ablation applicators and methods for manufacturing the microwave ablation applicators are disclosed. A microwave ablation applicator includes a feed-line segment, a step-down segment, and a radiator base segment. The feed-line segment includes a first inner conductor, a first dielectric disposed on the first inner conductor, and a first outer conductor disposed on the first dielectric. The step-down segment includes a second inner conductor, a second dielectric disposed on the second inner conductor, and a second outer conductor disposed on the second dielectric. The radiator base segment includes a third inner conductor disposed on the third inner conductor, a third outer conductor disposed on the proximal end of the third dielectric so as to form a feed gap at a distal end of the radiator base segment, a balun dielectric disposed on the third outer conductor, and a balun outer conductor disposed on the balun dielectric.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a display panel, comprising the following steps: (A) providing a carrier with a separation layer formed thereon; (B) laminating a glass substrate on the hydrophobic surface of the separation layer to make the separation layer between the carrier and the glass substrate; (C) forming a display unit on the glass substrate; and (D) separating the glass substrate from the carrier and the separation layer to obtain a display panel; wherein the separation layer has a hydrophobic surface with a water contacting angle in a range from 25° to 180°.

Abstract: A head suspension includes a base to be attached to a carriage, a load beam having a rigid part and a resilient part that connects the rigid part to the base, the load beam applying load onto a read/write head, a flexure attached to the load beam and supporting the head, an actuator attaching part located between the base and the head, and a piezoelectric element being deformable in response to a voltage applied thereto to move the head in a sway direction relative to the base. For the head suspension, it bonds the piezoelectric element with a bonding tape to the actuator attaching part and applies an adhesive to fix the piezoelectric element to the actuator attaching part.

Abstract: A carbon fiber tubular pole and method of construction thereof. The pole includes a left in place lightweight mandrel, preferably formed of tubular polyvinylchloride or cardboard, which substantially reduces cost of manufacture. Moreover, an outer tubular glass fiber sleeve over a tubular carbon fiber sleeve resin saturated through and through maintains the aesthetic appearance of the black carbon fiber while substantially strengthening the end product. A second outer layer of a mixture of resin and colloidal silica over the cured resin layer adds shine and increases smoothness.

Abstract: A production method of an electronic component includes: forming a sheet having a resin layer and a metal layer formed under the resin layer; bonding the sheet to a substrate so that the metal layer is arranged on a functional portion of an acoustic wave element formed on the substrate, a frame portion surrounding the functional portion is formed between the metal layer and the substrate, a cavity is formed on the functional portion by the metal layer and the frame portion, and the resin layer covers the metal layer and the frame portion.

Abstract: Without sacrificial layer etching, a microstructure and a micromachine are manufactured. A separation layer 102 is formed over a substrate 101, and a layer 103 to be a movable electrode is formed over the separation layer 102. At an interface of the separation layer 102, the layer 103 to be a movable electrode is separated from the substrate. A layer 106 to be a fixed electrode is formed over another substrate 105. The layer 103 to be a movable electrode is fixed to the substrate 105 with the spacer layer 103 which is partially provided interposed therebetween, so that the layer 103 to be a movable electrode and a layer 106 to be a fixed electrode face each other.