Abstract: A bonding apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first holding unit, a second holding unit, a pressing mechanism and a holding mechanism. The first holding unit is provided with a first heating mechanism and holds a first substrate. The second holding unit disposed facing the first holding unit and provided with a second heating mechanism, holds a second substrate. The pressing mechanism relatively moves the first holding unit and the second holding unit in order to contact and press the first substrate and the second substrate. The holding mechanism elastically holds an outer periphery of the first holding unit and the second holding unit.

Abstract: A room temperature bonding apparatus includes: an angle adjustment mechanism that supports a first sample stage holding a first substrate to a first stage so as to be able to change a direction of the first sample stage; a first driving device that drives the first stage in a first direction; a second driving device that drives a second sample stage holding a second substrate in a second direction not parallel to the first direction; and a carriage support table that supports the second sample stage in the first direction when the second substrate and the first substrate are brought into press contact with each other. In this case, the room temperature bonding apparatus can impose a larger load exceeding a withstand load of the second driving device on the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A vacuum device includes a main body and an adjustment assembly connected to the main body. The main body includes a frame, a loading member, and an elastic film. The loading member and the elastic film are arranged at opposite end surfaces of the frame. A chamber is cooperatively formed by the frame, the loading member, and the elastic film. The adjustment assembly adjusts the inner air pressure of the chamber. The loading member includes an absorption area connecting the chamber to outside the main body. The absorption area changes the air pressure inside the chamber. Also provided is a bonding apparatus using the vacuum device.

Abstract: A method of applying graphics to a set of articles with a graphic transfer assembly is disclosed. The method includes a step of selecting an article from a set of articles comprising different types of articles. After selecting a last that may be associated with the article, the last may be attached to a last assembly of the graphic transfer assembly. With the article attached to the graphic transfer assembly, a deformable membrane may apply graphics to curved portions of the article.

Abstract: A device and a method for the manufacture of a bonded component from fiber-reinforced plastics, with at least one base molding tool and at least one molding tool. The bonded component is arranged between the base molding tool and the molding tool. The molding tool is covered with an aeration material and with a vacuum envelope. The vacuum envelope is sealed with respect to the base molding tool by means of a seal. At least one end face of the bonded component, in at least some sections, ends flush with at least one end section of at least one molding tool, or projects underneath the latter. The molding tools have essentially the same build height and also raked end sections. In each case molding tools adjoining one another are preferably provided with a vertical interlock. By this means the number of undesirable cavities in the device is reduced.

Abstract: A vacuum lamination system and a vacuum lamination method are provided in which, when a laminate film and laminate base items are laminated and an excessive portion of the laminate film is cut from the laminated item having the laminate film laminated thereon, a high precision lamination is enabled and the cutting process including a conveying device for cutting the excessive portion of the laminate film can be simplified. In the vacuum lamination system, a laminate film and laminate base items that are conveyed on the carrier film are laminated by the batch type vacuum laminating device, and the laminate film is cut from the laminated item having the laminate film laminated thereon.

Abstract: A substrate which has at least one component, such as a semiconductor chip, arranged on it is manufactured from a film made of plastic material laminated onto a surface of the substrate and of the at least one component, where the surface has at least one contact area. First, the film to be laminated onto the surface of the substrate and the at least one component, or a film composite including the film, is arranged in a chamber such that the chamber is split by the film or film composite into a first chamber section and a second chamber section, which is isolated from the first chamber section so as to be gastight. A higher atmospheric pressure is provided or produced in the first chamber section than in the second chamber section; and contact is made between the surface of the substrate arranged in the second chamber section and the at least one component and the film or the film composite, which contact brings about the lamination of the film onto the surface.

Abstract: An impregnation mandrel for production of a gas turbine casing made from composite material, including: a mandrel having a central wall and two side plates; compaction bars, each including (i) a wedge configured to bear against a fibrous reinforcing part covering angles formed between the central wall and the side plates of the mandrel, and (ii) an attachment flange configured to be attached to the corresponding side plate of the mandrel; a flexible casing forming a vacuum bag and configured to be applied at least against the fibrous reinforcing part covering the central wall of the mandrel; and a mechanism for injecting resin into a space defined between the vacuum bag and the mandrel at one of longitudinal ends of the fibrous reinforcement and for extracting the resin at the opposite end.

Abstract: A vacuum set-up to pressurize a component part during its production is provided. The set-up includes a base with a contact surface for component part, and a casing that is airtight to contact surface that can be sealed to cover component part to effect pressurization of component part by evacuating an internal space of casing. To also effect a defined pressurization of component part on at least one component part edge in lateral direction, on at least this component part edge together with component part, a pressure strip system that can be mounted in the interior space is provided that is formed by at least two pressure strips extending along the component part edge and over inclined planes, that work together in such a way that pressure exerted on pressure strip system by the evacuation of the interior space, generates pressure acting laterally on component part edge.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include methods and apparatus for constraining a tread in a desired arrangement about a tire carcass during retreading operations. Such methods include the steps of providing a annular tire carcass configured for receiving a tread. Such methods also include the step of arranging a tread annularly about the precured tire carcass in a desired position to form an assembled retreaded tire. Such methods further include the step of arranging a retread curing membrane about an outer side of the tread, the curing membrane including an interior surface arranged to engage the outer side of the tread and including one or more protrusions extending from the membrane interior surface and into a void of the outer side of the tread. In other embodiments, a separate insert containing protrusions is arranged between a curing membrane and a tire tread for retread curing operations.

Abstract: A method of assembling and shaping a laminate panel. An intermediate member is mounted on a lay-up table and a lay-up is assembling by laying a series of plies onto the intermediate member on the lay-up table. The intermediate member and the lay-up are then removed from the lay-up table and placed them on a shaped surface. The lay-up is then forced against the shaped surface, via the intermediate member, in a manner that modifies the shape of the lay-up to form a shaped laminate panel. Finally the shaped laminate panel is removed from the intermediate member. The lay-up table can thus support the flexible intermediate member during assembly, and can be relatively flat to enable the lay-up to assembled by an automated process.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semi-finished blank for a varifocal liquid crystal lens includes coating the front of a first substrate and/or the rear of a second substrate with an adhesive agent, leaving an adhesive agent-free region that surrounds a liquid crystal holder; after said coating operation, reducing the pressure inside a sealed vessel that holds the first substrate and the second substrate, with respect to atmospheric pressure; affixing the second substrate over the front of the first substrate in the reduced pressure environment produced in said reducing the pressure operation; performing a standby operation including continuing the affixed state between the first substrate and the second substrate for a specific length of time in the reduced pressure environment produced in said reducing the pressure operation after the substrates have been affixed; and after said standby operation, restoring the pressure of the sealed vessel.

Abstract: A method for and apparatus for forming a bladder system. A bladder with an open end is formed. The open end of the bladder is placed into an interior of a fitting. The open end of the bladder is connected to the interior of the fitting.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for vacuum infusing resin into a fabric preform within a mold. The methods comprise increasing permeability in a selected region, such as by deploying a VIPR chamber in a location corresponding to the resin injection port corresponding to the resin flow front furthest from the mold vent or a location identified by predictive modeling as best to achieve a desired flow front geometry. Suitable apparatus comprise a VIPR chamber, an image detector for detecting resin flow fronts, a processor programmed to identify a desired location to deploy the VIPR chamber, and an automatic positioner for moving the VIPR chamber to the identified location.

Abstract: There is provided in an embodiment a method of making a composite structure. The method includes the step of applying chopped fiber material in varying thicknesses onto a first ply surface of a first composite charge to form a layered composite charge. The method further includes the step of folding the layered composite charge. The method further includes the step of assembling a second composite charge and the folded layered composite charge to form a composite structure. The chopped fiber material forms a gap filler in the composite structure. The gap filler conforms to a shape of the composite structure surrounding the gap filler. The method further includes processing the composite structure.

Abstract: A joint system includes: a transfer-in/out station capable of holding a plurality of substrates or a plurality of superposed substrates, and transferring-in/out the substrates or superposed substrates to/from a processing station; and the processing station performing predetermined processing on the substrates and joining the substrates together. The processing station includes: a surface activation apparatus activating a front surface of the substrate; a surface hydrophilizing apparatus hydrophilizing and cleaning the front surface of the substrate; a joint apparatus joining the substrates together; and a transfer region for transferring the substrate or superposed substrate to the surface activation apparatus, the surface hydrophilizing apparatus, and the joint apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is a laminated body comprising a substrate to be ground and a support, where the substrate is ground to a very small thickness and can then be separated from the support without damaging the substrate. One embodiment of the present invention is a laminated body comprising a substrate to be ground, a joining layer in contact with the substrate to be ground, a photothermal conversion layer comprising a light absorbing agent and a heat decomposable resin, and a light transmitting support. After grinding the substrate surface which is opposite that in contact with the joining layer, the laminated body is irradiated through the light transmitting layer and the photothermal conversion layer decomposes to separate the substrate and the light transmitting support.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a vacuum glass middle support placing system. Middle supports capable of being adsorbed by magnetic force are used as placed objects in the system; the system comprises a glass plate placing station, a middle support placing station and a vacuum sealing station; a glass plate for placing the middle supports is placed on a bracket, and the bracket is transferred among the stations; and the bracket is provided with a supporting face matched with the surface of the glass plate and a glass plate positioning structure, and a magnetic adsorption surface array corresponding to the middle supports to be placed one by one on the glass plate is arranged on the supporting face.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a metallic plate, a mixing assembly, a curing device, a receiving container, a mounting device, a cutting device, and a vacuum chamber. The metallic plate has a planar imprinting surface. The mixing assembly obtains a molding film material. The curing device cures the molding film material on the imprinting surface of the metallic plate to obtain an original film. The receiving container allows the original film to be immersed in a reaction liquid until the reaction liquid is absorbed by the original film, thereby obtaining a preprocessed molding film. The mounting device winds the preprocessed molding film around a main body. The cutting device cuts the preprocessed molding film to obtain a preprocessed molding roller. The vacuum chamber promotes the chemical reaction of the preprocessed molding film with the reaction liquid to form a number of silica nanoparticles in the preprocessed molding film.

Abstract: A laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) apparatus includes a stage configured to support an acceptor substrate and a supporting portion configured to support a donor film and to move the donor film up and down relative to the stage so as to adjust a distance between the acceptor substrate and the donor film. The donor film includes a thin film to be disposed on the acceptor substrate. The stage includes a discharging outlet through which gas between the acceptor substrate and the donor film is discharged to the outside. The LITI apparatus may be used to laminate a film on an acceptor substrate including an organic light emitting display device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of repairing a damaged portion of a panel formed of composite material. The method includes preparing the damaged portion for repair and applying a pressure responsive adhesive layer to substantially cover the damaged portion. The method also includes disposing a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding repair patch assembly to substantially cover the damaged portion and substantially covering the repair patch assembly with a vacuum bag assembly. Resin is introduced into and impregnates the repair patch assembly. The repair patch assembly is cured after being impregnated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vacuum heat insulating material. Also disclosed is a heat insulating box using the vacuum heat insulating material. The vacuum heat insulating material includes a core member and envelope members having gas-barrier properties and including heat-seal layers. The envelope members are opposed to each other in such a manner that the core member is disposed between the heat-seal layers. The envelope members are entirely heated to a temperature at which the heat-seal layers are melted, and the heat-seal layers are heat sealed to each other by applying uniform pressure to the entire envelope members from outside to inside the envelope members.

Abstract: A method of vacuum-assisted RTM includes disposing a resin distribution medium on one surface of a reinforcing-fiber substrate, covering the whole with a bag material, reducing the pressure inside the bag material, and injecting a resin into the resin distribution medium to distribute the resin substantially in in-plane directions and then impregnate the resin into the reinforcing-fiber substrate in the thickness direction.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for performing rigid-to-rigid substrate lamination implementing pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA). The process may include pressurizing a first sealed cavity to a first pressure. The process may further include creating a vacuum within a second sealed cavity, the second sealed cavity being sealed from the first sealed cavity by a flexible membrane. The process may further include applying the first pressure to a laminate assembly stack via the flexible membrane, the laminate assembly stack including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a PSA layer, the PSA layer being positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate. The process may further include applying the vacuum created within the second sealed cavity to the laminate assembly stack. The applied first pressure and the applied vacuum promote intimate contact between the first substrate and the second substrate of the laminate assembly stack via the PSA layer.

Abstract: A device and method for manufacturing a bonded component with fiber-reinforced plastics having at least one base molding tool and at least one molding tool. The bonded component is arranged between the base molding tool and the molding tool. The bonded component has a base laminate and a reinforcement laminate. The molding tool is covered with an aeration material and a vacuum envelope. The vacuum envelope is sealed with respect to the base molding tool. At least one filler element is fitted to each of the two end faces of the base laminate in a gap-free manner. With the filler elements, as well as optionally provided sealing elements, undesirable cavities within the device, as a result of thermal expansion effects of the upper molding tool, as well as any deviations of location and/or size of the base laminate, the reinforcement laminate, and also the molding tool, are significantly reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a foamed member capable of inhibiting or preventing foam breakage at the time when the foam member is peeled from a carrier tape, even when the foamed member has a high expansion ratio. The foamed member has a thermoplastic resin foam layer containing a thermoplastic resin foam formed through a step of impregnating a high-pressure inert gas into a thermoplastic resin and subsequently reducing pressure, and at least one of a thermoplastic polyester-based resin layer and a thermoplastic elastomer resin layer disposed on at least one side of the thermoplastic resin foam layer.

Abstract: The performances and durability of a diaphragm sheet of a solar cell laminator are enhanced, and a favorable lamination work is stably performed over a long period of time. In addition, by stably performing sufficient and uniform lamination over a long period of time, a high-quality module is stably manufactured over a long period of time. A solar cell module is manufactured by using a diaphragm sheet formed of a composition containing an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), which is low in creep deformation and high in durability against an organic peroxide and a silane coupling agent.

Abstract: A pressure debulking system includes a debulking chamber having a debulking chamber interior, a pressure bladder having a bladder interior provided in the debulking chamber interior, a vacuum port disposed in fluid communication with the debulking chamber interior and a pressure port disposed in fluid communication with the debulking chamber interior. A pressure debulking method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A composite tool for vacuum bag processing composite parts comprises a plurality of laminated composite plies, including a facesheet adapted to have a composite part placed thereon. A gas impermeable barrier layer sandwiched between the composite plies prevents air leaks through the tool.

Abstract: A method for producing a composite structure comprising fiber reinforced material by means of vacuum assisted resin transfer molding is described. The fiber material is impregnated with liquid resin, and the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a forming structure comprising a rigid mold part and a second mold part, b) placing the fiber material in the rigid mold part, c) sealing the second mold part against the rigid mold part to form a mold cavity, d) connecting a source of uncured fluid resin to at least one resin inlet communicating with the mold cavity, e) connecting at least one vacuum outlet communicating with the mold cavity, f) evacuating the interior of the forming structure through the at least one vacuum outlet, g) supplying uncured resin from the source of uncured resin to the mold cavity through the at least one resin inlet so as to fill the mold cavity with resin, and h) curing the resin in order to form the composite structure.

Abstract: A composite skin and composite stiffeners are co-cured in an autoclave. Uncured stiffeners are placed in channels of a tool, and an uncured skin is placed on the tool contacting the stiffeners. The vacuum bag is sealed over the tool. Bladders placed in the stiffeners are exposed to autoclave pressure through a manifold system employing vent tubes that pass through the vacuum bag along a side of the tool.

Abstract: A machine for waterproofing semimanufactured products including footwear, clothing items, and accessories. The machine has a pressing device with at least one pair of deformable plates that have a hollow body. The pressing surface is elastic and suitable for being urged outwards by a fluid pressure. At least one of the deformable plates is fixed in a mobile manner to a support structure for opening or closing the pressing device around at least one shaped support which is provided with transport means to and from the pressing device and is suitable for supporting the semimanufactured product during the pressing with at least one waterproofing sheath.

Abstract: A tool and method for bonding layers of a shell by the differential pressure bonding process. The tool and method includes a plurality of separable mandrel segments that combine to form a mandrel having a longitudinal axis, an outer surface, an upper end, and at least one substantially continuous inner surface. The inner surface has a substantially axisymmetric shape having complex curvature. In this embodiment, the tool further includes a retort configured to at least partially shroud the outer surface and upper end of the hollow body. The retort includes at least one vacuum port. The tool is configured to facilitate the compression of a plurality of layers of a multi-layer shell having complex curvature as the shell layers and an interdisposed bonding material are heated to an elevated bonding temperature.

Abstract: A tape sticking apparatus includes a rubber sheet that partitions an airtight space formed above a chamber into first and second airtight spaces and, a tape frame that holds a tape above the rubber sheet, and a supply/exhaust mechanism that switches between pressurizing and depressurizing by supplying gas to or sucking gas from the first and second airtight spaces. The gas supply/exhaust mechanism includes a first flow-rate control valve that controls the flow rate of sucked gas when the first airtight space is depressurized, and a second flow-rate control valve that controls the flow rate of supplied when the first airtight space is pressurized.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of forming a molded thermoplastic piece are provided. The molded thermoplastic piece can have an outer layer of one or more sheets of reinforced flexible thermoplastic and a porous layer, such as cork. The outer layer can a mechanical bond with the porous layer.

Abstract: A method of using a assembly facilitator for a pulp-molded shell with polymer liner containing systems to precisely create a integral pulp molded shell is disclosed along with the assembly facilitator itself.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of sandwich components with an open core structure and a cover layer applied to each side, wherein the cover layers are formed with a curable plastic material, and the sandwich component is cured in a closed device under pressure. A charging gas, which may be nitrogen or air, is introduced to the core structure prior to at least partial solidification of the cover layers, wherein a charging gas pressure p Charging gas is selected that is less than or equal to an operating pressure p operating of the closed device in order to, in particular, at least largely prevent the formation of sink marks in the cover layers. Furthermore, the invention relates to a press for implementing the method.

Abstract: Disclosed are various features associated with a securing mechanism for a wafer bonder. In certain situations, operation of securing mechanisms can generate undesirable particles and debris, and some them can be introduced to a wafer being bonded. In certain implementations, a securing mechanism can be configured to reduce the likelihood of such particles and debris being introduced to the wafer.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a lamination machine for laminating a membrane to a fabric of an article, such as to an inside surface of a backpack. The lamination machine may include an enclosure with a rotating air connection coupled to a top surface of the enclosure. The membrane may be mated with the article, and then a plug may be inserted in a top opening of the article. The plug may be coupled with the rotating air connection. The rotating air connection may pump compressed air into an interior portion of the article, through an inlet in the plug. A heater may heat the area surrounding the article to activate an adhesive disposed between the membrane and the inside surface of the article. Additionally, the rotating air connection may rotate the plug, thereby rotating the article assembly to facilitate distribution of heat.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a laminated board, comprising: preparing a first and a second prepregs 30a, 30b with a carrier by laminating the carrier with an insulating resin layer in which a fiber cloth is embedded, and laminating the first and the second prepregs 30a, 30b with a carrier by bonding the insulating resin layer in the first prepreg 31a with a carrier and the insulating resin layer in the second prepreg 31b with a carrier directly or via an additional member under reduced pressure and heating it.

Abstract: A pressure chamber has first and second housing elements and first and second chamber regions. The pressure chamber is loaded with a first part, a second part, a connecting means and a sealing means. The connecting means is arranged in the first chamber region. The loaded pressure chamber is placed into a receiving region. The first housing element is pressed against the second housing element so that the pressure chamber is clamped with the aid of a working cylinder between the working cylinder and a holding frame. In the clamped state, a second gas pressure, which is higher than a first gas pressure in the first chamber region, is generated in the second chamber region. In this way, the first part, the second part and the connecting means are pressed against one another within the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A heat transfer sheet adhering apparatus, for adhering a heat transfer sheet to a ring-shaped member adapted to be used in a substrate processing apparatus, includes a heat transfer sheet mounting part configured to mount the heat transfer sheet thereon; a ring-shaped member supporting part configured to support the ring-shaped member; and a vertically movable pressing part configured to press the ring-shaped member supported by the ring-shaped member supporting part against the heat transfer sheet mounted on the heat transfer sheet mounting part. The pressing part is configured to press the ring-shaped member gradually from an inner peripheral side to an outer peripheral side of the ring-shaped member or from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the ring-shaped member.

Abstract: A setup device for manufacturing a fuselage barrel, made of a fiber composite material, for an aircraft is provided. The setup device for the purpose of reinforcement includes several stringers arranged so as to be spaced apart from each other. The stringers include a base structure to form a load-bearing rigid substructure that is connected to an outwardly curved supporting surface that can be adjusted by means of actuators for the positive setup of the fuselage barrel to be manufactured with the help of form channels for accommodating the stringers. The actuators, designed as pressure-means cylinders, move one or several form channels in radial direction. The form channels are interconnected longitudinally by means of a flexible intermediate element for forming a ring-shaped supporting surface that is closed in a vacuum-tight manner and that overall is able to adjust itself in radial direction.

Abstract: A substrate sealing apparatus includes a chamber, at least one lower compressing member, and at least one lower compressing member. The lower compressing member includes a lower compressing surface for emitting heat, is configured to be elevated up and lowered down in a vertical direction with respect to the compressing surface, and rotates about the vertical direction. The upper compressing member includes a lower compressing surface for emitting heat, and is configured to be elevated up and lowered down in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A pressure debulking system includes a debulking chamber having a debulking chamber interior, a pressure bladder having a bladder interior provided in the debulking chamber interior, a vacuum port disposed in fluid communication with the debulking chamber interior and a pressure port disposed in fluid communication with the debulking chamber interior. A pressure debulking method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a body structure for a door or other furniture is provided. A skeletal framework is placed on an uncured artificial stone mix deposited on a release sheet placed on a surface. Liquid structural foam is introduced within the skeletal framework. The skeletal framework is wrapped with the release sheet comprising the uncured artificial stone mix such that the skeletal framework is completely covered with the uncured artificial stone mix. The wrapped skeletal framework is placed in a chamber of a defined volume. The uncured artificial stone mix is compressed by the expanding liquid structural foam and conforms to the internal shape of the chamber. The foaming action generates heat that accelerates curing of the uncured artificial stone mix to create an outer cured artificial stone skin of the body structure. After removal from the chamber, the release sheet is separated and the body structure is polished.

Abstract: A flexible compaction sheet is used to compact uncured composite plies onto the surface of a ply layup. The compaction sheet includes a peripheral seal that seals the perimeter of the sheet to the surface of the part layup and forms a vacuum chamber over the plies which is evacuated through the sheet to apply compaction pressure to the plies.

Abstract: A composite part charge having an internal cavity is placed on a tool and covered by a vacuum bag for autoclave curing. A bladder is placed in the cavity to react autoclave pressure on the charge. The bladder is coupled with a flexible fluid reservoir located beneath the vacuum bag. The bladder is pressurized by autoclave pressure applied through the vacuum bag to the flexible fluid reservoir.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing hollow bodies from thermoplastic material, comprising the molding of at least two sheet-like, web-shaped preforms of plasticated thermoplastic material in a multi-part tool forming a cavity to form two complementary shells, and also the joining together of the shells to form a substantially closed hollow body, wherein the preforms are brought between open parts of the tool which each have part-cavities, the parts of the tool are then closed against a tool separator arranged between the preforms, and the preforms are inserted into the part-cavities with the use of differential pressure and molded. In a subsequent separate method step, the tools are reopened and internal components of the hollow body to be produced are fastened to the shells. Finally, the shells are joined together by reclosing the tools to form a closed hollow body.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing light emitting devices is provided. The method may reduce the inner pressure of a laminated image emitting device panel, thereby preventing failure of the panel. The method includes holding a first substrate with a lower chuck located in a vacuum chamber; holding a second substrate with an upper chuck located opposite the first chuck in the vacuum chamber; creating a high vacuum in the vacuum chamber; correcting positions of the first substrate and the second substrate; supplying gas having a temperature of about 50 to about 200° C. into the vacuum chamber; temporarily laminating the first substrate and the second substrate; venting the vacuum chamber; and bonding the first substrate and the second substrate. The panel is laminated after being filled with a heated gas and thus, when it is exposed to room temperature, the mobility of the gas decreases while reducing its initial inner pressure, thereby preventing panel failure.